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Measures the sensitivity of the image sensor. The lower the number the less sensitive your camera is to light and the finer the grain. By choosing a higher ISO you can use a faster shutter speed to freeze the movement.

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A category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.

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The standard photographic film format for analog single lens reflex still cameras and motion picture cameras. It dates back to the first quarter of the 20th century.

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A type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length. One of the lenses is the photographic objective or "taking lens", while the other is used for the viewfinder system, which is usually viewed from above at waist level.

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Refers to  a camera which records images in a format larger than 4 x 5 inches. They have much higher image resolution than images produced by a 35mm camera. It has roughly 16 times the image area of that produced by a 35mm camera and therefore 16 times the total image resolution.

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The most commonly used process of making black and white prints since the 1980s.

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A keeper of a museum or other collection (including photography).

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A public display of works of art, held at an art gallery, museum, or trade fair.

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In photography, framing is causing elements of a scene to create a frame within your frame.

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A room or building for the display or sale of works of art.

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The exclusive legal right given to an originator or an assignee to print, publish, or film, and to authorize others to use the same material.

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Straight or curved marks that span a distance between two points.

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An element of art made up of hue, value, and intensity.

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Two dimensional, flat planes formed by closed lines.

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When a shape acquires depth and becomes three-dimensional.

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The lightness and darkness of a color.

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The placement of other elements of art filling the area in the photograph in a unique way.

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An image that shows the way something looks like it would feel.

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Using the elements of art in a way where they cause the viewer’s eye to move around the image.

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The visual weight of the elements of a composition.

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When an image has something special, where all the elements fit together perfectly.

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The uniform repetition of any of the elements of art.

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When a part of the image is visually dominant and requires the viewer’s attention.

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Comparing size of objects, or the amount of one thing to the whole. By comparing the size of one object to another, it can give more or less importance to it.

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Varying elements and objects in an image, to avoid them looking boring.

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Symmetry around a central axis.

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Made up of exactly similar parts facing each other around an axis.

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Having parts which fail to correspond to one another in shape, size, or arrangement; lacking symmetry.

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The fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.

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Containing or using only one color.

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A means of depicting a visual image that does not have an immediate association with the object world and that has been created through the use of photographic equipment, processes or materials.

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Any color that is calm or soothing in nature. Cool colors are not overpowering and tend to recede in space. For this reason, cool colors typically make a space seem larger.
Ex. blue, green, purple

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Any color that is vivid or bold in nature. Warm colors are those that tend to advance in space and can be overwhelming.
Ex. red, orange, yellow

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Pairs of colors which, when combined or mixed, cancel each other out by producing a grayscale color like white or black. When placed next to each other, they create the strongest contrast for those two colors.

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Colors to which you can't give a definite color name.
Ex. beige, cream, ivory, white, grey, brown

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Photos are divided into thirds with two imaginary lines vertically and two lines horizontally making three columns, three rows, and nine sections in the images. Important compositional elements and leading lines are placed on or near the imaginary lines and where the lines intersect.

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A composition rule where, by using a spiral to guide your eyes to the subject, you are creating an image that is naturally more pleasing to the eye.

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A technique of composition where the viewer of your photos attention is drawn to lines that lead to the main subject of the image.

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Refers to the main focus of a picture.

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Refers to the background of an image.

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An impersonal image not influenced by feelings, interpretations or prejudice.

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An international movement founded in Germany by the photographer Otto Steinert in 1951 which championed photography that explored the inner psyche and human condition rather than reflecting the outside world.

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The process of offering valid and well-reasoned opinions about the work of others, usually involving both positive and negative comments, in a friendly manner rather than an oppositional one.

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The practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.

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A type of intellectual property consisting of a recognizable sign, design, or expression which identifies products or services of a particular source from those of others,.

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Systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct.

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Illumination from behind the subject of a photograph.

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A soft light with neither the intensity nor the glare of direct light. It is scattered and comes from all directions. Thus, it seems to wrap around objects. It is softer and does not cast harsh shadows.

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The light that is already present in a scene, before any additional lighting is added. It usually refers to natural light, either outdoors or coming through windows.

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The use of strong contrasts between light and dark, usually bold contrasts affecting a whole composition.

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A view of an object or a scene consisting of the outline and a featureless interior, with the silhouetted object usually being black.

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Originally a pair of paintings hinged together. In photography the diptych has become a popular format. Pairs of closely associated portraits, images or themed pictures are often used to off-set one another.

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A group of three pictures. The origin of the term applied to three paintings on hinged wooden panels. They could fold into each other making a flat carrying pack.

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The word “pixel” means a picture element. Every photograph, in digital form, is made up of pixels. They are the smallest unit of information that makes up a picture. Usually round or square, they are typically arranged in a 2-dimensional grid.

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The process of taking photographs during the time of the day that is known as the blue hour. The blue hour occurs before sunrise in the morning and after sunset in the evening. The sun has dipped a certain amount below the horizon.

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The period of daytime shortly after sunrise or before sunset, during which daylight is redder and softer than when the Sun is higher in the sky.

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Composed of digital data in one of these formats that can be rasterized for use on a computer display or printer. An image file format may store data in uncompressed, compressed, or vector formats.

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A camera's raw image file contains unprocessed or minimally processed data from the image sensor of a digital camera. Canon's RAW file extension is .CR2, Nikon's is .NEF.

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A layered image file used in Adobe PhotoShop. PSD, which stands for Photoshop Document, is the default format that Photoshop uses for saving data.

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A commonly used method of lossy compression for digital images, particularly for those images produced by digital photography. The degree of compression can be adjusted, allowing a selectable tradeoff between storage size and image quality.

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.TIF, short for Tagged Image File Format, is a computer file format for storing raster graphics images, popular among graphic artists, the publishing industry, and photographers.

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A mode in a digital camera where the camera's software fully controls all aspects of the photograph, from the shutter speed to the aperture setting to the focus.

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Allows the photographer to determine the exposure of an image by letting them select an aperture value and a shutter speed value. However, the camera still determines the remaining setting for best exposure.

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The camera still sets the exposure for you. It chooses the correct aperture and shutter speed for the light available, so your shot is correctly exposed.

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A setting on some cameras that allows the user to choose a specific shutter speed while the camera adjusts the aperture to ensure correct exposure.

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A setting on some cameras that allows the user to set a specific aperture value while the camera selects a shutter speed to match it that will result in proper exposure based on the lighting conditions as measured by the camera's light meter.

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Random variation of brightness or color information in images, and is usually an aspect of electronic noise. It's an undesirable by-product of image capture that obscures the desired information.

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A measurement of film speed, or sensitivity to light created by the American Standards Association, but it is no longer widely used, being replaced by ISO.

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The random optical texture of processed photographic film due to the presence of small particles of a metallic silver, or dye clouds, developed from silver halide that have received enough photons.

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An electronic device that converts an optical image into an electronic signal. It is used in digital cameras and imaging devices to convert the light received on the camera or imaging device lens into a digital image.

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Digital Single Lens Reflex. A digital still image camera that uses a single lens reflex (SLR) mechanism.

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Text information pertaining to an image file that is embedded into the file or contained in a separate file that is associated with it. Image metadata includes details relevant to the image itself as well as information about its production

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A small image that represents a larger one. Thumbnails are often used to provide snapshots of several images in a single space. Since digital thumbnails represent a larger version of the same image, they also usually serve as a link to the larger image.

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An abbreviation of the photography term “Straight Out Of Camera," simply meaning that an image can be good enough to print straight from the camera without further processing.

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An image stabilization technology that minimizes blur caused by camera shake.

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Autofocus points are what the camera uses to focus on a subject. You'll probably first notice them when you press the shutter halfway. Many cameras will emit a beep and some of the AF points will light up often in a red or green color in the viewfinder or on the display screen.

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The general technique of taking several shots of the same subject using different camera settings.

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The vertical bar under the scale, known as the exposure level indicator, predicts a photo's exposure, relative to the standard exposure, taken with the current meter reading and using the current exposure settings. In autoexposure modes, the exposure level indicator stays pegged in the middle.

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A technique for adjusting the exposure indicated by a photographic exposure meter, in consideration of factors that may cause the indicated exposure to result in a less-than-optimal image.

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Also called continuous shooting mode, sports mode or continuous high speed mode, is ashooting mode in still cameras. In burst mode, severalphotographs are captured in quick succession by either pressing the shutter button or holding it down.

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A camera setting corresponding to a particular f-number.

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The unit of measurement that defines the size of the opening in the lens that can be adjusted to control the amount of light reaching the film or digital sensor. The size of the aperture is measured in F-stop.

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The aesthetic quality of the blur produced in the out-of-focus parts of an image produced by a lens. Bokeh has been defined as "the way the lens renders out-of-focus points of light."

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The distance between the closest and farthest objects in a photo that appears acceptably sharp. In a photograph with a narrow DoF, only a small slice of the image is in focus. Conversely, with a large DoF, much more of the scene is sharp.

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The distance between the lens and the image sensor when the subject is in focus, usually stated in millimeters (e.g., 28 mm, 50 mm, or 100 mm). In the case of zoom lenses, both the minimum and maximum focal lengths are stated, for example 18–55 mm.

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The time for which a shutter is open at a given setting.

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An exposure setting that is used when seeking to use a shutter speed of more than 30 seconds. Generally, this would be used in extremely low light situations, such as taking photos of the night sky.

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The apparent streaking of rapidly moving objects in a still image or a sequence of images such as a movie or animation. It results when the image being recorded changes during the recording of a single frame, either due to rapid movement or long exposure.

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A term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images. This generally occurs more often if you're shooting on a low shutter speed or with a heavy lens, and can be avoided by using a tripod and cable release setup.

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Both are used to support a camera. The monopod is used to hold the camera steady while in the field. It is not as steady as a tripod since it has only one leg, rather than three. This allows movement in the horizontal plane, but prevents up and down movement.

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Auto White Balance sometimes give very close results to what you see with your eyes. A digital camera's auto white balance is often more effective when the photo contains at least one white or bright colorless element.

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White balance used when the flash is the source of light. Color temperature is 5000-5500 K.

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White balance used when the flash is the source of light. Color temperature is 5000-5500 K.

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White balance used when the flash is the source of light. Color temperature is 5000-5500 K.

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White balance used when the flash is the source of light. Color temperature is 5000-5500 K.

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White balance used when the flash is the source of light. Color temperature is 5000-5500 K.

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White balance used when the flash is the source of light. Color temperature is 5000-5500 K.

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Custom white balance allows you to take a picture of a known gray reference under the same lighting, and then set that as the white balance for future photos.

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Shadows are an entity as alive as the light. It is the shadows that shape the light, draw attention to the light, and integrate with the light to produce striking photographic opportunities.