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This is a type of bacterium that mainly floats to the lungs. This pathogen is a gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacterium. In the late 19th century, it was established as the main cause for pneumonia. It is also known as "Pneumoccal Disease." As a respiratory therapy student, a big majority of the patients I have seen, personally, have pneumonia.

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Pneumonia is an infection of the alveoli in the lungs. It is caused by the previously mentioned bacteria. It is transmitted through respiratory droplets, which is coughing or sneezing. Anyone is at risk for pneumonia. Diagnosis is found by x-ray or urine sampling typically. Normal lungs on an x-ray appear darker while the heart appears "white." Pneumonia on an x-ray appears in a white "clump" due to its large density.

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Pneumonia has very common symptoms:
-coughing with sputum
-fever
-sweating
-fast breathing
-shallow breathing (painful to deep breathe)
-shortness of breath
-chest pain
-body aches
-fatigue
*Cyanosis, blue tint due to lack of oxygen, may be present in severe cases.
*Pneumonia is very common in post-op patients who have had chest and abdomen surgery due to the lack of drive to take a deep breath.

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Most likely the patient will see a pulmonologist, who will then order their therapy. Therapy will include breathing treatments, CPT, incentive spiromentry, along with antibiotics. CPT stands for chest physiotherapy. It consists of beating on the chest to "break up" the pneumonia. Incentive spirometry is a device used to help the patient with deep breathing.

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There are two vaccines available in the US.
*Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13)
- recommended for less than 2 years old
-  2 years and older with certain conditions if physician suggests
*Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23)
- recommended for adults 65 and above
- ages 2-64 with certain conditions if physician suggests
- ages 19-64 who are smokers