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After the American Civil War during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, an estimated 300,000 Lithuanians journeyed to America.

The abolition of serfdom in 1861, which resulted in a rise in Lithuania's free population; the growth of transportation, especially railroads; and a famine that broke out in the country in the 1860's.

Because of WWI immigration to the United States was halted by the combined effects of World War I, the restriction of immigration into the United States, and the achievement in 1918 of Lithuanian independence.

The second wave of immigration followed after WWII. a flood of displaced refugees fled west to escape the Russian reoccupation of Lithuania. Eventually 30,000 Dipukai settled in the United States under the Displaced Persons Act in 1948.

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Additional vocabulary not included elsewhere on the poster. 

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Additional vocabulary not included elsewhere on the poster. 

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Serfdom was the status of many peasants under feudalism, specifically relating to manorialism, and similar systems. It was a condition of debt bondage and indentured servitude, which developed during the Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages in Europe and lasted in some countries until the mid-19th century.

Dipukai - war refugees or displaced persons

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2-4 sentence summary of your group's immigration experience

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2-4 sentence summary of your group's immigration experience

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The first wave of Lithuanian immigration to the US began in 1867-1868 due to oppression and famine. The Lithuanian press ban, suppression of religious freedom, and pressures of industrialization were key motives to leave Lithuania. This wave of immigration lasted until the beginning of WWI. The second wave of Lithuanian immigration was caused by WWII with the soviet occupation of Lithuania as well as the Nazi occupation of Lithuania.

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How did your group’s arrival affect American attitudes and policies with regard to immigration?

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How did your group’s arrival affect American attitudes and policies with regard to immigration?

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In the late 1900s Lithuanian immigrants were not considered desirable immigrants by Americans because they often took low-paying unskilled labor jobs due to high levels of illiteracy and poverty. Their position in the US labor movement also created discrimination and resentment towards Lithuanian immigrants.

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How did American immigration policy affect your group? 

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How did American immigration policy affect your group? 

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In the late 1800's and before WWI there was an open door policy for immigration in the united states. The immigrants just had to pay a tax to get in. After World War 1, however, the first quota act was passed in the United States in 1921, and after that, in 1924 the the Johnson-Reed Act (second Quota Act)was passed, having a capped quota immigration at 164,667 people per year. This only allowed 344 Lithuanians to enter into the United States.

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Image that enhances the understanding of your group's experience.  Please include a caption that explains your choice.

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Image that enhances the understanding of your group's experience.  Please include a caption that explains your choice.

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I picked two pictures to show the experiences of the Lithuanian people. Both are maps that show to path of war for Germany and the Soviet Union. WWII was the worlds most deadliest war and Lithuanian was in the path of war for years, fighting two countries for their freedom.

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What specific events were acting as push and pull factors for your assigned group?

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What specific events were acting as push and pull factors for your assigned group?

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The first wave of Lithuanian immigration in 1868 was pushed by a famine as well as the Lithuanian press ban and suppression of religious freedoms. The second wave was pushed by Soviet and nazi occupation. The pull factors in America was freedom and large amounts of immigration to the country. America was known as the land of opportunity for immigrants leading it to be the top destination.

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A brief true story of an immigrant from your group

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A brief true story of an immigrant from your group

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Mike Silva’s father began his journey of immigration to the US in the 1920s. After applying for a visa to the US and being denied he seeked other opportunities and gained a visa to enter South Africa. He was able to learn English and in 1970s the Silva family used an immigration lawyer and the South African consulate to gain a visa to the US. Mike Silva was given four months to buy tickets, take money out of the bank, arrive in the US, and secure a job in medicine. Although their experience was difficult the family is grateful to be in America and settled down in Birmingham Alabama.