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the Naturalization Act of 1790 restricted citizenship to any alien, being a free white person who had been in the U.S. for two years. In effect, it left out indentured servants, slaves, and most women.

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prohibits the federal government and each state from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

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prohibits the states and the federal government from denying the right to vote to citizens of the United States on the basis of sex.

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granted citizenship to all Native Americans born in the U.S. The right to vote, however, was governed by state law

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These laws attempted to stop all Chinese immigration into the United States for ten years, with exceptions for diplomats, teachers, students, merchants, and travelers

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allows American citizens residing in the District of Columbia to vote for presidential electors, who in turn vote in the Electoral College for President and Vice President.

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The Twenty-fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution prohibits both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax.

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a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that the electoral districts of state legislative chambers must be roughly equal in population

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a landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting.

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It prohibits states from discriminating among voters based on age, for people who are at least 18 years old

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The 1975 amendments also expanded voting rights for minority groups that traditionally had fallen outside the Act's protections

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a landmark United States Supreme Court case in the area of redistricting and racial gerrymandering. The court ruled in a 5-4 decision that redistricting based on race must be held to a standard of strict scrutiny under the equal protection clause.

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a United States federal law signed into law by President Bill Clinton on May 20, 1993, and which came into effect on January 1, 1995.

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HAVA was passed by the U.S. Congress in 2002 to make sweeping reforms to the nation's voting process. HAVA addresses improvements to voting systems and voter access that were identified following the 2000 election.