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Leanne tells us about the use of Adjectives Clauses in the English language. Join us at our next Smrt Live Class. Every Wednesday at 9:00 AM & 3:00 PM Pacific Time (GMT-7). Join the Facebook group! https://www.facebook.com/groups/leofgroup

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This quiz accompanies the podcast on relative clauses. The quiz features 6 questions where viewers must fill in the blank with either "who," "which," or "that." Music: Kevin MacLeod

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Relative Pronouns as Subject: Who, Which, That

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Relative Pronouns as Subject: Who, Which, That

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To refer to people, use who and that as the subjects of verbs in adjective clauses.

To refer to things, use which and that as the subjects of verbs in adjective clauses.

**NOTE : That is less formal than who or which.

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Relative Pronouns as Objects: Who(m), Which, That, No Pronoun

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Relative Pronouns as Objects: Who(m), Which, That, No Pronoun

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To refer to people, use whom, who, and that as the objects of verbs in adjective clauses. Whom is quite formal. Who and that are less formal and used in conversation and informal writing. That is the least formal.

To refer to things, use which and that as the objects of verbs in adjective clauses. Which is a bit more formal.

In conversation and formal writing, you can sometimes omit the relative pronoun if it is an object. This is the most common spoken form.

The verb in an adjective clause agrees with the subject of the clause, not with the object.

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Use whose to introduce an adjective clause that indicates possession. We use whose to replace his / her / its / their + noun. An adjective clause with whose can modify people or things.

Ken is the man. + We met his wife. =Ken is the man whose wife we met.

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You can use where to introduce an adjective clause that modifies a noun of place. Where replaces the word there.

This is the restaurant. + We ate there. = This is the restaurant where we ate.

You can use when or that to begin an adjective clause that modifies a noun of time. You can omit when and that in this type of adjective clause. A sentence without when or that is informal.

I can't think of a time when / that I wasn't happy.

I can't think of a time I wasn't happy.

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Adjective Clauses: Identifying or Nonidentifying

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Adjective Clauses: Identifying or Nonidentifying

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An adjective clause that distinguishes one person or thing from another is called identifying or essential. The clause is not enclosed in commas.

The man who delivers the mail is friendly.

An adjective clause that adds extra information but does not distinguish one person or thing from another is called nonidentifying or nonessential. The clause is enclosed in commas.

The man, who delivers the mail, is friendly.

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Adjective Clauses

Introduction:

Adjective: A word that describes a noun, such as the friendly dog or the tall fence.

Clause: Two or more words.

Basically, an adjective clause gives a description of a noun and often begins with a pronoun or an adverb.

Pronouns:

Who (My sister, who is older than me, is a great athlete.)

Whom / Whose (I know someone whose cousin is famous.)

That (The TV that is in the living room is broken.)

Which (Valencia, which is a type of orange, is great for making juice.)

Adverbs:

When (Last Saturday, when it was raining, I fell off my bike.)

Where (The gym, where I go twice a week, will shut down soon.)

Why (Fear of heights is the main reason why my mother doesn't like tall buildings.)

Note:

Because an adjective clause does not express a complete thought, it is not a sentence. An adjective clause has to be connected to a main clause to form a complete sentence, as shown in this example:

‘When I finish my homework, I often eat pizza.”

Adjective clause: when I finish my homework

Simple sentence / main clause: I often eat pizza

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Adjective Clauses with Prepositions ( after, in, to, on, and with )

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Adjective Clauses with Prepositions ( after, in, to, on, and with )

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- Sentences with the preposition at the beginning of the clause are formal.

- Sentences with the preposition at the end of the clause are informal.

- We can omit who(m), that and which but not whose.

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An adjective clause is used to describe a noun:

-The car which was red,belonged to Kumar.

Relative pronouns is usually used to introduce an adjective clause.

-Young Hee who is korean student live in Victoria.

The main relative pronouns are:

WHO use for humans.
WHICH used for things and animals.
THAT used for humans,animals and things.

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Quantifier + of + relative pronoun
- Quantifiers occurs only in clauses with whom, which, and whose. They may refer to people or things.

Noun + of which
- These clauses refer to only things.

Shorten adjective clauses
- Shorten to adjective phrases with the same meaning.

- Shorten with a be verb, reduce the clause to an adjective phrase by deleting the relative pronoun and be verb.

- can only be reduced only when who, which, or that is the subject pronoun of the clause.

- if there is no be verb in the adjective clause, it is often possible to change the clause to an adjective phrase. This can be done by deleting the relative pronoun and changing the verb to to its -ing form.

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Fill in the blanks with the correct adjective clauses. 

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Fill in the blanks with the correct adjective clauses. 

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1. I like the nurse _____ brings the food.

2. The flowers _____ are on the table are beautiful.

3. The doctor _____ she likes is Dr. Alvarez. (formal)

4. They sometimes likes to bring their high school yearbooks, _____ have pictures of the graduates and high school memories.

5. She attended the University of Washington, _____ she met her best friend.

6. I remember the year _____ I graduated from high school.

7. She married a man _____ interests are similar to hers.