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Ready to discover one of Europe's most beautiful countries? Then check out our cool Ireland facts ...

Ireland facts

OFFICIAL NAME: Éire, Republic of Ireland FORM OF GOVERNMENT: Constitutional Democracy OFFICIAL LANGUAGES: Irish/English AREA: 68,890 square kilometres MAJOR MOUNTAIN RANGES: Macgillycuddy's Reeks, Wicklow Mountains MAJOR RIVERS: Shannon, Liffey, Boyne, Moy, Barrow

Irish flag

Map of Ireland

Ireland: geography and landscape

Ireland is an island nation on the westernmost edge of Europe. It is the continent's second largest island (after Great Britain). The Republic of Ireland occupies 80 percent of this landmass, while a large chunk of land in the north, called Northern Ireland, is part of the United Kingdom. All together, the island of Ireland is made up of 32 counties.

Ireland is known for its wide expanses of lush, green fields - so much so, that its nickname is the Emerald Isle. But there are also large areas of rugged, rocky landscape, too. About 15,000 years ago, Ireland was completely covered by thick glaciers. The movement of these giant sheets of ice stripped the soil, leaving huge tracts of flat, limestone ground.

The midlands and west coast of Ireland are dotted with damp peat bogs, the soggy remains of dried-up ancient lakes left by the glaciers. Ireland's highlands rise mainly in the southwest, often ending at sheer cliffs that plunge thousands of feet into the Atlantic Ocean.

Ireland's wildlife and nature

The Irish have a great affection for nature and rural life. The country's first coins even featured pictures of animals. Low levels of development and pollution in Ireland have left most of the nation's open spaces relatively undisturbed.

Did you know that there are no wild snakes in Ireland? The sea has stopped many animals common on mainland Europe from reaching the island. There are also only two wild mouse species (the wood mouse and house mouse), one type of lizard (the common lizard) and just three kinds of amphibians (the natterjack toad, smooth newt and common frog).

Irish wildlife is protected by government conservation programs. To preserve natural habitat, the government has established six national parks and hundreds of national heritage areas throughout the country. Great news!

Irish history

Archaeologists think the first people to settle in Ireland arrived around 6000 B.C. By 3500 B.C., settlers were using stone tools to clear farmlands. Around 700 B.C., a diverse and technologically advanced culture from central Europe, called the Celts, began to settle on the island. They would thrive there for nearly 2,000 years.

In the ninth century A.D., invaders began raids into Ireland. They eventually established settlements that later became some of the country's main cities, including the capital, Dublin. These aggressive arrivals fought with the Celts often for 200 years until a battle in 1014, known as the Battle of Clontarf, united the country. Peace broke down quickly though and Ireland was divided into many kingdoms.

In 1170, Norman Vikings who had taken control of England invaded Ireland and made it an English territory. In the early 1600s, England's official religion became Protestant, while most Irish remained Roman Catholic. This would create tensions that would eventually lead to revolution and Ireland's independence.?

By the 1820s, British laws unfair to Catholics had sparked a mass movement for Irish sovereignty. In 1829, many of those laws were overturned, but Ireland still wanted freedom. In 1922, after violent uprisings, the Irish Free State was created within the British Empire.

In 1948, most of Ireland became an independent country, while six mainly Protestant counties in the northeast remained a British territory.

Irish people and culture

Ireland is a nation of storytellers. The tradition dates back to Celtic bards, who would record and recite the country's history. Many famed writers come from Ireland, including four winners of the Nobel Prize for literature. The Irish also excel in sports, music and dancing!

Irish government and economy

The government of Ireland consists of an elected parliament, which makes the laws, and a president, who is head of state. The head of the government is the Taoiseach (pronounced tee-shuck), which means "chief." The Taoiseach is the prime minister, and leader of the political party with the most parliament members.?

For most of its history, Ireland's economy has been based on farming and agriculture. But beginning in the late 1950s, government efforts to attract business turned the country from one of Europe's poorest nations to its second wealthiest. The amazing turnaround and economic boom in the mid 1990s and early 2000s earned Ireland the nickname the " Celtic Tiger."

During the global financial crisis of 2008, Ireland entered a recession and the country experienced serious financial problems. But in the past few years Ireland's economy has started to recover and is once again on the rise.

Image credits: Cliffs of Moher, Ireland: Ibeth Ibarra, Dreamstime. Boats and buildings in Dublin, Ireland: Somethingirish, Dreamstime. Traditional Irish women dancers: Danielc1998, Dreamstime. All other images: Getty Images UK

What did you make of our facts about Ireland? Let us know by leaving a comment, below!

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Ready to discover one of Europe's most beautiful countries? Then check out our cool Ireland facts ... OFFICIAL NAME: Éire, Republic of Ireland FORM OF GOVERNMENT: Constitutional Democracy OFFICIAL LANGUAGES: Irish/English AREA: 68,890 square kilometres MAJOR MOUNTAIN RANGES: Macgillycuddy's Reeks, Wicklow Mountains MAJOR RIVERS: Shannon, Liffey, Boyne, Moy, Barrow Ireland is an island nation on the westernmost edge of Europe.

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2. Read the webpage

3. Find information about the geography of Ireland

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A to Z Kids Stuff | Ireland Facts For Children

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Information, history, facts, and activities on Ireland for school-age children.

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2. Read the document.
3. Complete your text

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2. Read the text.

3. Complete your text about the Irish government

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Irish Government Lesson for Kids | Study.com

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Ireland is a country in Europe. In this lesson, you’ll learn about the Irish government, including its three main parts and the specific type of...

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Watch the video and complete your documents about Saint Patrick's day

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Read the document to learn more about Irish traditions

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Watch the 2 videos about Dublin

1. Take notes

2. Choose one attraction.

3. Make research on this place.

4. Write an original presentation of the city and the attraction you chose.

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1. Click on the link.

2. Read the 'CULTURE' section

3. Complete your document about Irish traditions and folklore.

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1. Click on the document
2. Read the different texts.
3. Complete your texts about the Irish symbols

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1. Watch the video

2. Use all the information in this video to write an original presentation of Belfast (city, people, attractions, places....)

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1. Ouvrez le document ci-dessous.

2. Cliquez sur les différents liens dans les encadrés suivants et complétez votre document.