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participles are words formed from a verb (e.g., going, gone, being, been ) but used as an adjective or noun (e.g., adjectives: working woman, burned toast) (e.g., nouns: good breeding, excellent writing). Though you can technically uses these in conflicts as nouns ("fitting in," for instance) they tend to be vague (who's fitting in? into what?).  Remember than in conflicts, these nouns identify forces -- things that get things done, make things happen, etc. See if you can rephrase these participles by using more traditional nouns -- "desire" and "belief" are the most likely to work. (I put this up after lunch, so if you missed it, I get it).

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Major/Central conflicts have to begin fairly early on in the novel.  I'd say if it starts more than... a 5th of the way in?  A quarter of the way in, for sure -- then it may be a momentary conflict, even a significant momentary conflict -- but can't be a main one.

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Moments of high emotion are almost certainly significant moments within a significant conflict. What are the two things colliding into one another which create the emotional response?

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sometimes abstract nouns can work for conflicts ("desire for friends") without too much commentary, but other abstract nouns ("culture," "social class") might require a lot.  Which culture? Which social class?  What element of the culture?  etc.

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sometimes people write "E vs [this thing she wants and doesn't have]."  If she wants it, she's not opposed to it, right?  I would imagine what opposes a desire is either a) a conflicting desire (a desire to be lazy vs. a desire to be productive) or b) the forces that get in the way of achieving that desire (desire for an education vs. the lack of money to pay for tuition).

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"Esperanza vs. __" is always going to be tricky.  What part of Esperanza, vs. what part of Esperanza?  If it's her (all of her) vs. her (all of her), then it's so broad it doesn't identify a clear issue. If it's E (everything about her) vs. E (something within her), then it's not a conflict (i.e., "everything about Esperanza, including her embarrassment," vs. "her embarrassment."  Problematic).  But E's pride in her name vs. her shame because of her name:  that's a conflict.

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Any time one thing is part of another thing, it's going to be hard for them to be a clear conflict.  Her identity is part of who she is, for instance.  Her cultures are part of who she is.  To clear that up, articulate what part of her or what quality of hers is in conflict with what element or what quality of the other thing.  So:  "Montag vs. reading" won't work.  "The difficulty Montag faces because of his lack of education vs. his desire to make meaning out of what he reads" would definitely work.

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Esperanza vs. Cathy
Esperanza meets cathy who is more wealthy than her and claims to have ties to queen of france. Cathy fells negatively about all the people moving in saying they are raggedy and that "The Neighborhood is getting bad." Esperanza is hurt by this because she is one the people to recently move into the neighborhood.
The Rising action is when cathy explains how the neighborhood is dangerous and the people are bad.
the conflict is resolved with the fact that cathy is moving away and esperanza finds new friends who accept her.
Page 12 Cathy Queen of Cats

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Whenever you're talking about "reality," you're going to have to be more specific.  "Reality" contains a LOT.  Which element of reality?  Which part of it?  Which aspect?  etc.  Some other nouns may be similarly huge ("future," "self," "society," "culture").

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Esperanza vs. Nuns/teachers
Esperanza had never loved the houses she lived in but was not ashamed of where she lived. However a nun from Esperanza's school made her feel that her house is something she should be ashamed of. When Esperanza is just trying to eat at school a nun makes Esperanza stand on a box while the Nun points at the worst homes in the area which makes Esperanza ashamed of where she lives yet again. This makes Esperanza cry while eating in the canteen

Begins Chapter 1: HOMS on page 4
Chapter: A Rice Sandwich pg. 45

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sometimes those momentary conflicts I discussed below feel startling, revelatory, or important. If they do, they're probably part of some larger conflict that appears throughout the text. See if you can find connections to other momentary conflicts, or ways in which that moment fits into larger concerns for the central character.

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Esperanza's personality vs. Cathy's narcissism:
Begins in Chapter 5: Cathy Queen of Cats
Cathy wants Esperanza to encourage her narcissistic behavior.  Esperanza knows that their "friendship" won't last but she doesn't have much of a choice due to her anti-social behavior.  (pg. 12)  Esperanza is desperate for friends who like her for who she is and Cathy seems to be the only one to reach out to her, if only for selfish reasons.

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Optimism vs. Pessimism - first appears in the first chapter when Esperanza mentions her parents optimistic words about future houses and winning the lottery, but she merely looks down upon their current house on Mango St.
Esperanza vs. her origin/background -
evident when she tells the story about her encounter with the nun in the first chapter, and also in "My Name" pg.10

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Esperanza's desire for friends vs her better judgment.
Begins in "Our Good Day"
Esperanza is so excited about gaining two new friends and a bike that she doesn't notice that she has to pay to be Lucy and Rachel's friend.

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Esperanza's confidence vs. Self
This conflict is present from the beginning of the book, when Esperanza experiences self consciousness about her home. An example is in the "My Name", where she expresses a desire for her name to change to something easier to pronounce in English. This shows that she is not fully comfortable with herself yet, which leads to her struggling with her own identity, an example being in "Boys and Girls" when she feels trapped by watching Nenny.

Esperanza's family vs flat on Loomis landlord
This is a quick conflict that is told in the past tense, but it is one of the first things that is mentioned in the story. The pipes broke in Esperanza's old house, and the landlord wouldn't fix them because of how old the house was. This caused Esperanza to move, which happened often during her childhood.

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"conflicts" can be momentary ones which are quickly resolved, positively or negatively (ex:  Angel vs. Gravity is introduced suddenly, then ends swiftly, and tragically).  However, other conflicts appear early and are addressed in one form or another throughout the text (ex: Boys vs. Girls, Men vs. Women).  If a conflict starts early, appears frequently, and ends late, it's probably a major conflict.  And the more complex its development (it shows up in a variety of ways, with a lot of different implications) it's a really interesting, central conflict worth studying.  See if you can take momentary conflicts and use them to identify major ones.

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If it's not Noun vs Noun, it's not a conflict!

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Esperanza vs Self

Begins in Chapter 2: Hairs

Esperanza talks about all the different types of hair in her family. She is jealous of everyone else's hair and how pretty it is. She doesn't like her own hair She says her hair is lazy and it never does what she wants. So she resents her own hair. It makes her self conscious. (pg. 6)

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Cathy vs. Esperanza:
Begins in 'Cathy Queen of Cats' on pg 13.
Cathy offends Esperanza when she says "the neighborhood is getting bad".
Rising action in "Our Good Day" pg. 15
Esperanza temporarily has a conflict over whether she should stick by her first friend, who is tugging at her arm, or go buy a bike with two other girls.

We see this sort of behavior consistently throughout the book, where Esperanza makes new friends (Sally, Marin), but seems to have conflicts about their influence on her.

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Esperanza's fate vs. Her Great-grandmother's fate

Begins in "My Name" and ends in the same chapter

Rising Action-Esperanza explains how her great-grandmother was forced into marriage and stripped of her independence

Exposition-Esperanza decides that she will not inherit her great-grandmother's "place by the window". Esperanza wants to be an independent woman in her future, unlike what her great-grandmother turned out to be.

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desire to eat at school vs. where she lives
Esperanza desperately wants to eat at the school canteen instead of going home for lunch. She begs her mom constantly until she finally agrees, but when Esperanza shows up at the canteen the principle thinks she is trying to start trouble and the nun says her mom's note is no good and can only stay for today. Esperanza isn't allowed to stay because she lives too close to school. Esperanza like many other times throughout the book is made to feel small and ashamed of her family and where they live.
A Rice Sandwich - pg. 43-45

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Esperanza's expectations vs. Esperanza's reality
Starts in first chapter- House on Mango Street- where she talks about all the promises her parents made about their dream house and what she expects this new house to look like ab be, but in reality the house is rundown and no where close to what she was expecting and hoping for. She says, "But I know how those things go" (5), when talking about her parent's promises now.

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CONFLICT: E's love for Nenny VS. E's resentment of her responsibility for Nenny.

Exposition appears on page 8: E describes feeling weighed down by her sister and she expresses desire for a real friend. However, Nenny is still her family and E evidently cares for her.

Rising action in "Gil's Furniture Bought and Sold" and "Hips." Esperanza expresses her frustration with Nenny, calling her stupid and feeling embarrassed about Nenny in front of Rachel and Lucy. "I can tell Lucy and Rachel are disgusted, but they don't say anything because she's my sister" (52).

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Noun vs. Noun
or
Noun Phrase vs. Noun Phrase