# data[].attributes.headline
Cambodia has a population of roughly 11 million people.

# data[].attributes.subject
Cambodia has a population of roughly 11 million people.

# data[].attributes.headline
Pol Pot was never brought to trial for his crimes.

# data[].attributes.subject
Pol Pot was never brought to trial for his crimes.

# data[].attributes.body
The Cambodian Genocide happened because Khmer Rouge and Pol Pot believed that society was better when there were only farmers so they killed the educated, and police and military, as well as Pol Pot, believed that foreign language was bad. His goal was to make everybody revert to the "old life" and become like the "old people" which essentially meant the people who lived a traditional rural life and farmed.

# data[].attributes.body
The Cambodian Genocide happened in Cambodia which is a county in Southern Asia. When Khmer Rouge took control they renamed the place to  Democratic Kampuchea.

# data[].attributes.body
The Cambodian Genocide began in 1975 when Pol Pot got control of the Khmer Rouge government and lasted for 3 years but ended once Pol Pot was overthrown by the Vietnamese army in 1978.

# data[].attributes.body
The Cambodian Genocide was the Khmer Rouge and there leader Pol Pot's attempt to centralize the farming society.  Pol Pot was in power and ran the government from 1975 to 1978, giving him the ability to carry out his mission. His goal was to make everybody revert to the "old life" and become like the "old people" which essentially meant the people who lived a traditional rural life and farmed. The Cambodian genocide killed between 1.5 to 3 million people within 3 years!

# data[].attributes.body
In the Cambodia Genocide the perpetrators were the Khmer Rouge and Pol pot who was the leader of the Khmer Rouge. The Victims were the Cambodians, the educated, those who wore glasses and those who used foreign language.

# data[].attributes.headline
Picture of soldiers in the Khmer Rouge. 

# data[].attributes.subject
Picture of soldiers in the Khmer Rouge. 

# data[].attributes.body
shows that the soldiers were poor and were all alcoholics and the low class people.

# data[].attributes.body
- About 1.7 million died under the Khmer Rouge's reign. The people were killed with mostly guns and other weapons. Bombs were sometimes used in large cities to kill more people.  People who didn't fit the ideals of Pol Pot immediately get killed.  The people who they hate would get killed on target. The killing started from 1975 and ended on 1979.  The army, along with the help of the U.S army , saved many people who were in captivity or in hiding. They went against Pol Pot's army and had a war with them. The U.S soon broke their ties with the Cambodian army after 1979.
Link to some of the info-

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The population was put to work as laborers in one federation of collective farms. Anyone in opposition was killed. Anyone refusing to leave their home, didn't go fast enough, or disobeyed were...

# data[].attributes.body
Pol Pot died in 1998 but when other high members of the Khmer Rouge were on trial in 2013, they refused to admit that they ordered the atrocities that happened under them.
One was Noun Chea who said "Through this trial it has been shown clearly that I was not engaged in any commission of the crimes as alleged by the co-prosecutors. In short, I am innocent in relation to those allegations," (Telegraph UK).

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/cambodia/10418542/Khmer-Rouge-leaders-deny-responsibility-for-Cambodia-atrocities.html

# data[].attributes.body
The eigth stage of genocide is Persecution. In Cambodia the Khemer Rouge persecuted th educated,  like lawyers, docters, police and military force. They also banned the use of any minority language. Also if you were caught with a book you were looked at as violating a capital offence. People in the easter zone were forced to wear a blue and white checkered scarf and those not from the easter zone were not allowed to. Cambodiens were also brought to prisons and fields and they were torutured so that Khemer Rouge could find names of those in hiding. Some cambodiens were also put into a confined space where they were starved to death.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Literacy and Education under the Khmer Rouge | Genocide Studies Program

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
It is estimated that over 1.7 million people died from starvation, execution, disease, and over-work during the Cambodian genocide, which took place between 1975 and 1979. It has been established that the Khmer Rouge targeted particular groups of people, among them Buddhist monks, ethnic minorities, and educated elites, who were referred to as "new people."

# data[].attributes.body
"Pol Pot, who had begun to emerge as Cambodian party chief, and the newly formed Khmer Rouge guerrilla army, launched a national uprising in 1968. Their revolution started off slowly, though they were able to gain a foothold in the sparsely populated northeast."
- He trained his army using Chinese war and battlefield tactics.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The Cambodian Genocide refers to the attempt of Khmer Rouge party leader Pol Pot to nationalize and centralize the peasant farming society of Cambodia virtually overnight, in accordance with the Chinese Communist agricultural model. This resulted in the deaths of over 25% of the country's population in three years, from 1975 when the Khmer Rouge seized power until they were overthrown by the Vietnamese in 1979.

Cambodia, a country in Southeast Asia, is about the size of Wisconsin; its capital is Phnom Penh. In the years preceding the genocide, the population of Cambodia was just over 7 million, almost all of whom were Buddhists. The country is bordered by Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam.
Decolonization
The genocide emanated from a harsh climate of political and social turmoil that began during the French decolonization of Southeast Asia in the early 1950s and continued until the late 1980s.

Cambodia gained independence from France in 1953 after nearly 100 years of colonial rule. Power was given to Cambodia's Prince Sihanouk. During his rule, civil war broke out in neighboring Vietnam between Communist North Vietnam and the South Vietnamese Army, aided by the US. Cambodia maintained neutrality by giving support to both sides, allowing the Viet Cong to use Cambodian ports to ship in supplies, while allowing the US to secretly bomb Viet Cong hideouts in Cambodia.

In 1970, Prince Sihanouk was deposed in a military coup led by his own Cambodian Lieutenant-General Lon Nol, a response to the turbulent political climate of Southeast Asia during this time. Lon Nol was made president of the new Khmer Republic while Prince Sihanouk and his followers joined forces with a communist guerrilla organization known as the Khmer Rouge. Soon after, civil war began.
Rise of the Khmer Rouge
The Khmer Rouge guerrilla movement was founded in 1960. The movement's leader, Pol Pot, was educated in France and was an admirer of Maoist (Chinese) communism. Pol Pot envisioned the creation of a new Cambodia based on the Maoist-Communist model with the aim to deconstruct Cambodia to a primitive "Year Zero," wherein all citizens would participate in rural work projects and Western innovations would be destroyed. Pol Pot brought in Chinese training tactics and Viet Cong support for his troops and soon produced a formidable military force.

In 1970, the Khmer Rouge began a civil war with the U.S.-backed Khmer Republic, under Lieutenant-General Lon Nol. Lon Nol's government assumed a pro-Western, anti-Communist stance and demanded the withdrawal of North Vietnamese and Viet Cong forces from Cambodia. The Khmer Rouge guerillas deposed Lon Nol's government in 1975 and within days of overthrowing the government, the Khmer Rouge began the mission to reconstruct Cambodia on the communist model of Mao's China. These extremist policies led to the Cambodian genocide.

In order to achieve the "ideal" communist model, the Khmer Rouge believed that all Cambodians had to work as laborers on collective farms; anyone who opposed this system would be eliminated. This list of potential opposition included intellectuals, educated people, professionals, monks, religious enthusiasts, Buddhists, Muslims, Christians, ethnic Chinese, Vietnamese, Thai, and Cambodians with Chinese, Vietnamese, or Thai ancestry. The Khmer Rouge also frequently executed its own members on suspicions of treachery.

Under the threat of death, Cambodians nationwide were forced from their homes and villages. The ill, disabled, old, and young incapable of making the journey to collectivized farms and labor camps were killed on the spot. People who refused to leave were killed, along with any who appeared to oppose the new regime. People from cities were forcibly evacuated to the countryside. All political and civil rights of citizens were abolished. Children were taken from their parents and placed in forced labor camps. Factories, schools, universities, hospitals, and all other private institutions were shut down and former owners, employees, and their extended families were murdered. Religion was banned. Leading Buddhist monks and Christian missionaries were killed, and temples and churches were burned. While racist sentiments did exist within the Khmer Rouge, most of the killing was inspired by the extremist propaganda of a militant communist transformation. It was common for people to be shot for speaking a foreign language, wearing glasses, smiling, or crying. One Khmer slogan best illuminates Pol Pot's ideology: "To spare you is no profit, to destroy you is no loss."

Cambodians who survived the purges and marches became unpaid laborers who worked on minimum rations for endless hours. They were forced to live in public communes, similar to military barracks, with constant food shortages and rampant diseases. Virtual slave labor, starvation, injury, and illness caused many Cambodians to become incapable of performing physical work, and they were killed by the Khmer Rouge as expenses to the system. These conditions of genocide continued for three years until Vietnam invaded Cambodia in 1978 and ousted the Khmer Rouge government in 1979. Civilian deaths totaled over 2 million people.

Cambodians continued to suffer after the fall of the Khmer Rouge. Countless numbers of people fled to Thailand. Many died of starvation or stepped on land mines that the Khmer Rouge soldiers placed along the western border to prevent their victims from fleeing. Those who made it to Thailand brought malaria, typhoid, cholera, and a host of other illnesses into the camps. Human rights groups estimate that 650,000 people died in the year following the fall of the Khmer Rouge.

Lon Nol abandoned the neutrality stance of his predecessor, establishing close ties with the US and South Vietnam during the Vietnam War. U.S. troops felt free to move into Cambodia to continue their struggle with the Viet Cong. Cambodia soon became a battlefield, harboring U.S. troops, airbases, barracks, and weapons. As many as 750,000 Cambodians were killed from 1970-1974 by American B-52 bombers, using napalm and dart cluster-bombs to destroy suspected Viet Cong targets in Cambodia. The heavy American bombardment and Lon Nol's collaboration with America drove new recruits to Pol Pot's Khmer Rouge guerrilla movement.

Many Cambodians had become disenchanted with Western democracy due to the huge loss of Cambodian lives resulting from the US involving Cambodia in the Vietnam War. Pol Pot's communism brought images of new hope, promise, and national tranquility for Cambodia. By 1975, Pol Pot's force had grown to over 700,000. Within days of the Khmer Rouge takeover of Cambodia in 1975, Pol Pot had put into motion his extremist policies of collectivization, government confiscation and control of all properties, and communal labor.

While the Khmer Rouge was gaining power, the U.S. government had very little interest in the events that were occurring in Southeastern Asia. The American Embassy was concerned with Cambodia solely in relation to the effect on the Vietnam War. U.S. Embassy staff in Phnom Penh was not particularly interested in the regime or the victims. General William Westmoreland, the commander of U.S. forces in Vietnam, stated, "The Oriental doesn't put the same high price on life as does a Westerner. Life is plentiful, life is cheap in the Orient."

Cambodia was in ruins when the Vietnamese took control in 1979. The economy failed under Pol Pot, and all professionals, engineers, technicians, and planners who could potentially reorganize Cambodia had been killed in the genocide. After Cambodia fell under Communist Vietnamese control, foreign relief aid from any Western democratic state was unlikely. Instead, the US and UK offered financial and military support to the Khmer Rouge forces in exile, who had sworn opposition to Vietnam and communism. The Vietnamese occupation and the continued threat of Khmer Rouge guerilla forces left Cambodia in underdeveloped conditions until Vietnam's eventual withdrawal in 1989. In the military conflicts of 1978-1989, an additional 14,000 Cambodian civilians perished. In 1991, a peace agreement was finally reached, and Buddhism was reinstated as the official religion. The nation's first democratic elections were held in 1993.

On July 25, 1983, the "Research Committee on Pol Pot's Genocidal Regime" issued its final report, including detailed province-by-province data. The data showed that 3,314,768 people, an estimated 25% of the population, lost their lives in the "Pol Pot time."

In the early 1990s, mass graves were uncovered throughout Cambodia. They held hundreds of skeletal remains from Khmer Rouge execution grounds, known as killing fields. Survivors suffered high levels of post-traumatic stress disorder but often went undiagnosed and almost always went untreated.

Bringing the perpetrators to justice has proven to be a difficult task. The UN called for a Khmer Rouge Tribunal in 1994; The Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) was established, and trials finally began in November of 2007 and are ongoing today.

Many suspected perpetrators were killed in the military struggle with Vietnam or eliminated as internal threats to the Khmer Rouge itself. In 1997, Pol Pot was arrested by Khmer Rouge members; a "mock" trial was staged, and Pol Pot was found guilty. He died of natural causes in 1998. The last members of the Khmer Rouge were officially disbanded in 1999.

The ECCC tribunal has been criticized for handing down only three convictions despite being operational for eleven years at a cost of $300 million. This is in part due to the court prosecuting only senior leaders most responsible for the crimes. Additionally, Prime Minister Hun Sen, a former Khmer Rouge member, has opposed further indictments. Several government officials are former Khmer Rouge members and there have been considerable efforts to protect them, including denying access to witnesses because of their position.

Kaing Guek Eav, known as "Comrade Duch," Nuon Chea, and Khieu Samphan are the only perpetrators of the genocide to be convicted thus far. Duch was found guilty of crimes against humanity and war crimes and was originally sentenced to 35 years in prison, but the sentence was overturned in favor of life imprisonment in 2012. Nuon Chea was found guilty of crimes against humanity, war crimes, and genocide and was sentenced to life imprisonment. Chea appealed the verdict but the sentence was upheld in 2016. Khieu Samphan was found guilty of crimes against humanity, war crimes, and genocide and sentenced to life imprisonment. He appealed the verdict, but his sentence was also upheld in 2016.

Today, Cambodia's main industries are fabrics and tourism; foreign visitors to Cambodia surpassed five million in 2016. However, corruption remains a serious issue in Cambodian politics. International aid from the US and other countries is often embezzled by bureaucrats. This illegal seizure of foreign aid has greatly added to the widespread income disparity which affects most Cambodian citizens today.

Human rights abuses soared in recent years, according to Human Rights Watch. In 2016, the Cambodian People's Party (CPP) led by Prime Minister Hun Sen, escalated political persecution against Cambodia's opposition party, human rights workers, social activists, and intellectuals. There have been arbitrary arrests, extrajudicial killings, and denial of citizens' rights to protest. Human rights abuses continued into 2017. The leader of Cambodia's opposition party was arrested and the party was dissolved, leaving no opposition to contest the CPP in the 2018 elections.

Download a one page PDF summary of this information here.
Updated: World Without Genocide, May 2018. By Kathryn Ust, World Without Genocide Research and Advocacy Coordinator.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Cambodian Genocide " World Without Genocide -

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The Cambodian Genocide refers to the attempt of Khmer Rouge party leader Pol Pot to nationalize and centralize the peasant farming society of Cambodia virtually overnight, in accordance with the Chinese Communist agricultural model. This resulted in the deaths of over 25% of the country's population in three years, from 1975 when the Khmer Rouge seized power until they were overthrown by the Vietnamese in 1979.

# data[].attributes.body
They polarized people because one of the sides would kill people for things such as smiling, crying, speaking foreign language and for wearing glasses this shows how the Khmer rouge has such strong opinions about one thing and they would do any thing to make their opinion be followed.

# data[].attributes.body
The Cambodian Genocide was organized by the Khmer Rouge. The Khmer Rouge gained power after the Khmer Republic, a pro America and pro West Cambodian government dropped about 1/2 a million tons of bombs on Cambodia. Family members of the victims of these bombs and those who opposed the bombs, joined the Khmer Rouge revolution and eventually they gained power over 85% of the Cambodian territory. Then Pol Pot  renamed the country Democratic Kampuchea after invading Cambodia's capital and making the educated flee.

# data[].attributes.body
Khmer Ruge dehumanized the Cambodian people by making false statements saying that they were helping the Vietnamese in the war against the Americans. They also made all the Cambodian people work in one large field. It was said that the only way to survive was to work a lot. An interesting thing about this genocide is that they made everyone work....the sick, the old, women and children. If you were caught crying or smiling you were killed. If you were wearing glasses you were killed. If you spoke a foreign language you were killed. They also abolished religion and destroyed all schools, hospitals factories, and private institutions. Once these were destroyed they killed all the owners and previous owners and employees. Khmer Rouge also took away all political and citizens rights in order to dehumanize the Cambodians. One of the main causes of death in this genocide was starvation. Another way they dehumanized the people were they separated children from there mothers. Khmer Rouge didn't believe that the Cambodians had any use other they working in the fields . Another disgusting thing Khemer Rouge did was make some cambodians admit that they were animals instead of people.

# data[].attributes.body
->  The dominant group or leader is named Pol Pot who was the political leader at the time of the genocide.  Pol Pot lead the Khmer Rouge group. They aimed at  took particular aim at intellectuals, city residents, ethnic Vietnamese, civil servants and religious leaders.
-> "How the discriminated:
- Money, private property, jewelry, gambling, most reading material and religion were outlawed; agriculture was collectivized; children were taken from their homes and forced into the military; and strict rules governing sexual relations, vocabulary and clothing were laid down."
- >Those who broke the rules or complained about their work were tortured in a detention center and later killed.
- >" Some historians regard the Pol Pot regime as one of the most barbaric and murderous in recent history."
-> Anyone not being loyal to Pol Pot will be killed
- Killing fields: Mass graves that bury thousands of bodies
- Here is the link to the info I found on Pol Pot -

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Pol Pot was a political leader whose communist Khmer Rouge government led Cambodia from 1975 to 1979. During that time, an estimated 1.5 to 2 million Cambodians died of starvation, execution, disease or overwork. One detention center, S-21, was so notorious that only seven of the roughly 20,000 people imprisoned there are known to have survived. The Khmer Rouge, in their attempt to socially engineer a classless communist society, took particular aim at intellectuals, city residents, ethnic Vietnamese, civil servants and religious leaders. Some historians regard the Pol Pot regime as one of the most barbaric and murderous in recent history.

Pol Pot: The Early Years

Saloth Sar, better known by his nom de guerre Pol Pot, was born in 1925 in the small village of Prek Sbauv, located about 100 miles north of the Cambodian capital, Phnom Penh. His family was relatively affluent and owned some 50 acres of rice paddy, or roughly 10 times the national average.

In 1934, Pol Pot moved to Phnom Penh, where he spent a year at a Buddhist monastery before attending a French Catholic primary school. His Cambodian education continued until 1949, when he went to Paris on a scholarship. While there, he studied radio technology and became active in communist circles.

Did you know? Millions of people living in Cambodia were killed during the brutal regime of Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge. Their bodies were buried in mass graves that became known as "killing fields." The phrase later became the title of a movie about the horrors of the Khmer Rouge era, The Killing Fields.

When Pol Pot returned to Cambodia in January 1953, the whole region was revolting against French colonial rule. Cambodia officially gained its independence from France later that year.

Khmer Rouge

Pol Pot, meanwhile, joined the proto-communist Khmer People's Revolutionary Party (KPRP), which had been set up in 1951 under the auspices of the North Vietnamese. From 1956 to 1963, Pol Pot taught history, geography and French literature at a private school while simultaneously plotting a revolution.

In 1960 Pol Pot helped to reorganize the KPRP into a party that specifically espoused Marxism-Leninism. Three years later, following a clampdown on communist activity, he and other party leaders moved deep into the countryside of northern Cambodia, encamping at first with a group of Viet Cong.

Pol Pot, who had begun to emerge as Cambodian party chief, and the newly formed Khmer Rouge guerilla army, launched a national uprising in 1968. Their revolution started off slowly, though they were able to gain a foothold in the sparsely populated northeast.

The Khmer Rouge Seizes Control

In March 1970, General Lon Nol initiated a military coup while Cambodia's hereditary leader, Prince Norodom Sihanouk, was out of the country. A civil war then broke out in which Prince Norodom allied himself with the Khmer Rouge, and Lon Nol received the backing of the United States.

Both the Khmer Rouge and Lon Nol's troops purportedly committed mass atrocities. At the same time, about 70,000 U.S. and South Vietnamese soldiers stormed across the Vietnam-Cambodian border to fight North Vietnamese and Viet Cong troops who had taken sanctuary in Cambodia.

U.S. President Richard M. Nixon also ordered a secret bombing campaign as part of the Vietnam War. Over the span of four years, U.S. planes dropped 500,000 tons of bombs on Cambodia, more than three times the amount dropped on Japan during World War II.

By the time the U.S. bombing campaign ended in August 1973, the number of Khmer Rouge troops had increased exponentially, and they now controlled approximately three-quarters of Cambodia's territory. Soon after, they began shelling Phnom Penh with rockets and artillery.

A final assault of the refugee-filled capital started in January 1975, with the Khmer Rouge bombarding the airport and blockading river crossings. A U.S. airlift of supplies failed to prevent thousands of children from starving.

Finally, on April 17, 1975, the Khmer Rouge entered the city, winning the civil war and ending the fighting. About half a million Cambodians had died during the civil war, yet the worst was still to come.

Cambodian Genocide

Almost immediately after taking power, the Khmer Rouge evacuated Phnom Penh's 2.5 million residents. Former civil servants, doctors, teachers and other professionals were stripped of their possessions and forced to toil in the fields as part of a re-education process.

Those that complained about the work, concealed their rations or broke rules were usually tortured in a detention center, such as the infamous S-21, and then killed. During the Cambodian genocide, the bones of millions of people who died from malnutrition, overwork or inadequate health care also filled up mass graves across the country.

Under Pol Pot, the state controlled all aspects of a person's life. Money, private property, jewelry, gambling, most reading material and religion were outlawed; agriculture was collectivized; children were taken from their homes and forced into the military; and strict rules governing sexual relations, vocabulary and clothing were laid down.

The Khmer Rouge, which renamed the country Democratic Kampuchea, even insisted on realigning rice fields in order to create the symmetrical checkerboard pictured on their coat of arms.

At first, Pol Pot largely governed from behind the scenes. He became prime minister in 1976 after Prince Norodom was forced to resign. By that time, border skirmishes were occurring regularly between the Cambodians and the Vietnamese.

The fighting intensified in 1977, and in December 1978 the Vietnamese sent more than 60,000 troops, along with air and artillery units, across the border. On January 7, 1979, they captured Phnom Penh and forced Pol Pot to flee back into the jungle, where he resumed guerrilla operations.

Pol Pot's Final Years

Throughout the 1980s, the Khmer Rouge received arms from China and political support from the United States, which opposed the decade-long Vietnamese occupation. But the Khmer Rouge's influence began to decrease following a 1991 ceasefire agreement, and the movement completely collapsed by the end of the decade.

In 1997 a Khmer Rouge splinter group captured Pol Pot and placed him under house arrest. He died in his sleep on April 15, 1998, at age 72 due to heart failure. A United Nations-backed tribunal has convicted only a handful of Khmer Rouge leaders of crimes against humanity.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Pol Pot was a political leader whose communist Khmer Rouge government led Cambodia from 1975 to 1979. During that time, an estimated 1.5 to 2 million Cambodians died of starvation, execution, disease or overwork. One detention center, S-21, was so notorious that only seven of the roughly 20,000 people imprisoned there are known to have survived.

# data[].attributes.body
the whole Cambodian genocide was about a fight between the educated and the uneducated it all started when the Khmer Rouge took over the Cambodian government in 1975 then the educated people were tortured and sent to labor camps. The symbolization step comes in then when they started bothering the educated people so that shows they are classifying people, just because they are educated unlike the Khmer rouge.

# data[].attributes.body
The dominant group was a communist group known as the Khmer Rouge. The Khmer Rouge believed Cambodia had been tainted by Western ideas.  People included in the minority group were the educated such as doctors, lawyers or the police and people who belonged to the religious groups of Christianity, Islam ,and Buddhism.
Flag of the Khmer Rouge

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The history of genocide in Cambodia, with the Khmer Rouge murdering almost 2 million in attempts to weed out insolence and members of the population with subversive knowledge and experience.