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Six Aircraft Carriers, the Akagi, Kaga, Sōryū, Hiryū, Shōkaku, and Zuikaku, attacked Pearl Harbor.

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Six Aircraft Carriers, the Akagi, Kaga, Sōryū, Hiryū, Shōkaku, and Zuikaku, attacked Pearl Harbor.

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President Franklin D. Roosevelt assessing congress after that attack.

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President Franklin D. Roosevelt assessing congress after that attack.

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Events Leading Up to the Attack

1937

July: Japan invades North China from Manchuria.

1940

July: the U.S. imposes trade sanctions, followed by an embargo, aimed at curbing Japan's military aggression in Asia.

1941

January: Adm. Yamamoto begins communicating with other Japanese officers about a possible attack on Pearl Harbor.

Jan. 27: Joseph C. Grew, the U.S. ambassador to Japan, wires Washington that he has learned that Japan is planning a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. No one in Washington believes the information. Most senior American military experts believe the Japanese would attack Manila in the Philippine Islands if war broke out.

February: Adm. Husband E. Kimmel assumes command of the U.S. Pacific Fleet in Hawaii. Kimmel and Lt. Gen.Walter C. Short, commanding general of the Hawaiian Department, prepare for the defense of the islands. They ask their seniors in Washington for additional men and equipment to ensure a proper defense of military installations.

April: U.S. intelligence officers continue to monitor Japanese secret messages. In a program code-named Magic, U.S. intelligence uses a machine to decode Japan's diplomatic dispatches. Washington does not communicate all the available information to all commands, including Short and Kimmel in Hawaii.

May: Japanese Adm. Nomura informs his superiors that he has learned Americans were reading his message traffic. No one in Tokyo believes the code could have been broken. The code is not changed.

July: Throughout the summer, Adm. Yamamoto trains his forces and finalizes the planning of the attack on Pearl Harbor.

Sept. 24: The "bomb plot" message from Japanese naval intelligence to Japan's consul general in Honolulu requesting a grid of exact locations of ships in Pearl Harbor is deciphered. The information is not shared with Hawaii's Adm. Kimmel and Gen. Short.

November: Tokyo sends an experienced diplomat to Washington as a special envoy to assist Ambassador Kichisaburo Nomura, who continues to seek a diplomatic solution.

Japan wants the U.S. to agree to its southern expansion in Asia diplomatically but if those efforts were unsuccessful, Japan was prepared to go to war.

Nov. 16: Submarines, the first units involved in the attack, depart Japan.

Nov. 26: The main body, aircraft carriers, and escorts, begin the transit to Hawaii.

Nov. 27: Kimmel and Short receive a so-called "war warning" from Washington indicating a Japanese attack, possibly on an American target in the Pacific, is likely.

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Alexander street.

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The Baltimore News-Post

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The USS Arizona suffered the most casualties during the attack on pearl harbor.

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PIcture of USS Arazona Burning(Dec. 7, 1941/ 2018) Retrieved February 23, 2018 from http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/world-war-ii-history/pictures/pearl-harbor/mortally-wounded-and-sinking

Baltimore News-post Newspaper. (Dec. 1941) The Baltimore News-Post. Retrieved February 27, 2018 from https://newseumed.org/artifact/u-s-declares-war-on-japan-1941/

Pearl Harbor: December 7 Attack [Video file]. (n.d.). A&E Television Networks. Retrieved from Academic Video Online: Premium database.

Dec. 7 1941/Japan attacks pearl harbor. New York times. Retrieved February 28 from https://learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/12/07/dec-7-1941-japan-attacks-pearl-harbor/

Nance, S. (2012, Spring). Gary R. Hess. The United States at War, 1941-1945. Teaching History: A Journal of Methods, 37(1), 46+. Retrieved from http://link.galegroup.com.ezproxy.aacc.edu/apps/doc/A287109373/AONE?u=aacc_ref&sid=AONE&xid=3a5582eb

A pearl harbor timeline. (dec. 7 2004) NPR. Retrieved February 28, 2018 from https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4206060

Prersident Rosevelt speech to congress. (Dec. 8 1941) Retrieved February 28, 2018 from https://www.radiochemistry.org/history/video/fdr_infamy.html

December 7th, 1941 attack map. Retrieved February 28, 2018 from http://www.hawaiifreepress.com/ArticlesMain/tabid/56/ID/11300/Oneula-Beach-Dec-7-1941-Air-Photos-from-Landing-B-17-Flying-Fortress.aspx

American propaganda during WWII. (Aug 6, 2016) Lincoln Riddle. Retrieved February 28, 2018 from https://www.warhistoryonline.com/history/top-10-abandoned_military.html

The attack on Pearl Harbor united Americans like not other event in our history. (Dec. 7 2016) Craig Shirley and Scott Mauer. Retrieved February 28, 2018 from https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2016/12/07/the-attack-on-pearl-harbor-united-americans-like-no-other-event-in-our-history/?utm_term=.d2b9e7c621d9

Picture Japanese aircraft carrier Zuikaku. Retrieved February 28, 2018 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Zuikaku