# data[].attributes.body
Specific outcomes for each genetic mutation is show to the right.

# data[].attributes.body
Sickling of RBC can cause complications in the lungs and spleen.

# data[].attributes.body
Sickling can occur in the blood vessels of the lungs. This can cause lung tissue damage and poor tissue perfusion resulting in poor gas exchange. It often causes chest pain and is a differential diagnosis for MI.

# data[].attributes.body
oo

# data[].attributes.body
Those with sickle cell disease DO manifest symptoms and can carry the disease to their child if the other patient is a carrier (heterozygous) or has sickle cell disease (homozygous)

# data[].attributes.body
If someone is a carrier of sickle cell disease, they do not show symptoms but may carry the disease to their child if the other parent is also a sickle cell carrier.

# data[].attributes.body
Sickle cell trait (carrier)

# data[].attributes.body
Sickle Cell Disease (Anemia)

# data[].attributes.body
Sickle cell anemia can be inherited as homozygous recessive or heterozygous recessive.

# data[].attributes.body
Sickled red blood cells often hemolyze or burst, causing an increase in ruptured red blood cells to be recycled in the spleen. Normally, RBC are recycled every 90-120 days, but sickle cells last less than 3 weeks, this causes lots of RBC to build up in the spleen. The body often cannot catch up, leading to RBC getting stuck in the spleen, making the spleen unusable.

# data[].attributes.body
The sickled cells lead to blocked blood flow, ischemia, and extreme pain.

# data[].attributes.body
As a result of Hemoglobin "S" red blood cells become clumped and sickled instead of concave.

# data[].attributes.body
Valine is substituted for glutamic acid in the hemoglobin protein, causing disruptions in the beta polypeptide chains. This creates Hemoglobin "S" instead of normal Hemoglobin "A."

# data[].attributes.body
A genetic defect occurs in the hemoglobin protein that alters the shape of red blood cells.