# data[].attributes.body
Develop an action plan that serves to bridge the gaps in Technical, Tactical, Psychological and Physiological aspects of the athlete to put the athlete in the best position possible (starting from his/her baseline) to achieve the stated goals.

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Develop an action plan with Play while learn & adaptation level to environment. Readjust the plan accordance to the child's behavior.

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Set realistic goals which are broken down into baby steps.

For example, first few lessons usually takes weeks or months to established the bond between the student and the coach from a stranger to friend.

First Goal is always letting them accept you into their "world".

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Get more information from the parents of their child's behavior /  experiences / encounter in school, home and during pool session.

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Attain and obtain programs / courses which provides basic knowledge of the key areas of child development, educational theory, and the etiology of the major types of disabilities. (Example Diploma in Special Needs Education)

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Goals have to be S.M.A.R.T i.e. Specific, Measurable in Outcome, Attainable, Relevant to the Individual, Time-bound

Process
Example: Hockey stick should at 90 degree angle to forearm at all times during practice/games by the end of 4 sessions.

Performance
Example: Perform 4x150m underwater hockey specific endurance time trial within 9:00min by the end of two months.

Outcome
Example: Win first place at underwater hockey championships at the next Asia Games.

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Observe e.g. take note of athlete's Technical, Tactical, Physiological, Psychological aspects of Underwater Hockey (UWH)

Interview e.g. quiz the athlete on their understanding of certain scenarios that usually pan out in underwater hockey games to assess their baseline understanding of tactics specific to UWH

Test e.g. specific to Underwater Hockey (UWH), record the athlete's baseline muscular endurance by conducting a 6x25m underwater sprint @30s interval test - record the time taken for each of the 25m sprints

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1. Read literature on the sport e.g. Hydro basic coaching guide for Underwater Hockey

2. Participate in forums and browse the material therein and/or ask fellow coaching peers for their inputs e.g. Underwater Hockey Coaches Facebook page

3. Play the sport e.g. participating in the sport, would also go some ways towards deepening one's understanding of the sport

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Design training plan over a period of a year to achieve the goal

Plan needs to cover the various cycle so that the athlete peak at the right moment for the competition

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Specific, measurable, attainable, relevant and time bound

Process:

Move the puck for 5metres with bent elbow and in a strong position, look up, body in cobra position 90% of the time by the end of 10th session of hockey school

Performance:

Pass the puck 90% accurately to a team mate about 1m away at the end of 10th session of hockey school

Outcome:

Be able to participate in a hockey match and score against the other team made up of graduates from previous year at the end of 10th session of hockey school

Pass the theory exams and puzzle by knowing the common fouls for underwater hockey

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Observation

1.     Observe how the participants are gearing up and prepare for the session

2.     Check their water confidence by observing whether they just jump into the pool or take their time to slowly ease into the pool

Interview

1.     Ask them about previous team sports experience

2.     When was the last time they swim / snorkel

3.     How did they learn about Underwater Hockey

4.     Why do they want to learn underwater hockey

Test (for a beginner)

1.     Breath hold test – time how long the athlete could stay underwater

2.     Swim test – on the surface and underwater

3.     Puck moving test in one breath – time how fast they swim with a puck and observe if the body positioning is correct

4.     Puck flick test stationery and moving – check how far the athlete could pass the puck

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Learn to coach it better by:

1. Attending formal training such as SG Coach level 1
2. Go on Facebook forums and discuss with other coaches
3. Peer learning by learning from other coaches
4. Familiarise with UWH publications on rules, scientific analysis if any
5. Observe how other teams play and analyse and bring back tips for own team

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Plan individual training plan to assist athlete to achieve the goal.

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Using the S.M.A.R.T approach the goal for the athlete is to be able to juggle the ball 200 times without dropping the ball in a period of 1 month.

# data[].attributes.body
Sepak Takraw
Young Athlete: 13-16 years old
Fitness: Intermediate
Visual and Aural learner.
Medical History.

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Sport: Sepak Takraw
It is a sport played by 2 teams of 3 players. The team consists of the "Tekong" who is the server, Feeder who lays the ball for the Striker, and the Striker who strikes the ball to the opposition court. The sport is physically demanding as the players needs to be agile, flexible and needs power to do the jump kicks or serving the ball. Ball Control is a must for attacking and defending.

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Develop an action plan with learning & adaptation to attain desired outcomes.
Customise & tailor training drills cater to the individual athletes talent, capacity & capabilities -season plan/session plan prior to drills acquired.
(Avoid standardise).

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Setting a realistic & achievable goal to target optimal progression is the greatest mission:-
Utilise goal-setting performance provides directive function to the desired outcomes of the athletes.
i.e Process Goals + Perfomance Goals + Outcome Goals.
To be more specific :
(sustainable goal)
(S.M.A.R.T approach)
1) Specific in nature - improve 1-3 seconds.
2) Measurable in terms of outcome -Footwork & Sprint-start.
3)Attainable -(Sprint 100m) Improve speed 1-3secs in a month.
4)Relevant to individual - Footwork, speed & agility; strengthen legs muscles.(Routine run 3km-5km twice a week).
5) Time bound - Strengthen stamina, legs muscles & improve overall best timing performance. ( -2secs).

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Young Athlete: 10-11 yrs.
Fitness level : Intermediate.
Visual & Aural Learner.
Compete : Inter-School Sports Athletic Event.
(No medical history or health complications.)
Enthusiastic, self-direct learning, self-motivated, well-discipline, goal-oriented & good sportsmanship.

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Sport: Athletic -Running.
(Sprinter -!00m & 4x100m Relay).
*(Sprinter- 100m)
*Biomechanics of a Sprinter is a 'Sprint-start' accelerating at a short distance with an outburst of
'ATP system' & anaerobic energy system.
4x100m Relay- A team of 4 Sprinters -Sprinting at their top-speed :
4x100 Metre Relay Four sprinters, in the same designated lane, each run 100m to complete a lap of the track. During their individual legs they have to carry a baton that must be passed to the next runner within a 20m changeover box that's situated 10m before and 10m after the start of each subsequent leg.

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Tailor a plan to suit the athlete's capability.

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SMART Goals to improve in the short term and long term.

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Age: 14 Years old
A visual learner
Highly motivated and learn best with someone
No medical condition
Playing this sport regularly since 8 years old

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Basketball
It is a team sport in which two teams, most commonly of five players each, opposing one another on a rectangular court, compete with the primary objective of shooting a basketball through the defender's hoop high to a backboard at each end of the court) while preventing the opposing team from shooting through their own hoop. A shot scored is considered 2 points and any shot taken beyond the 3-point line is considered 3 points.

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Action plan which lead to session plans with progression
Learn under 3 major
1) technical
2) tactical
3) psychological

Feedback loop

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Goal setting, short terms and long terms. Use SMART process

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Individual Goal and expectation
Fitness level, strength and weakness
Medical and health conditions

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Running, cross fitness

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Plan according to Athlete's Capability and add-in as the plan progresses where the Athlete feels accomplished as well.

# data[].attributes.body
To set realistic Goals according to the Athlete's capability thru S.M.A.R.T process.

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Fitness of the athlete.
Interest & Goals.
Medical History ( if any)

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Track & Field

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Individualized training programme based on coach's understanding of the athlete and fine tune along the way.

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SMART GOALS
1. Specific; To complete 5km under 30 minutes timing in a upcoming race
2. Measurable; Training and cutting down time taken to complete 5-km on a bi-weekly basis.
3. Achievable; The Athlete is capable of achieving goal based on his/her current physical's and mental state.
4. Realistic;  30 minutes is a possible goal for the athlete to achieve.
5. Time bound; 3 months of training is needed to reach the goal.

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Fitness Base/Level
Years of Experience in the sport
Medical History
Personal Goals and Aspirations

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Running

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Tailor a training plan to fit your athlete based on your knowledge of your athlete.
Subsequently adjust and fine tune according to the plan

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Tailor out short and long term goals based on athlete proficiency and fitness level.

Those above can be achieved using the SMART format.
S - timing to achieve
M - Increase pace to shave of timing on weekly runs on progressively
A - To run and maintain at a desired pace
R - Realistic enough to set a new PR
T - Clock run a time trial at the mid point during a training phase

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Chat with athlete to find out:
- fitness level
- proficiency
- medical history
- goals and aspirations.

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Distance Running (endurance running)
A form of continuous running over distances of at least 3 km. Physiologically, it is largely aerobic in nature and requires stamina as well as mental strength.

# data[].attributes.body
Personalise a plan that fits each athlete for technical and physical aspect

# data[].attributes.body
Set short term goals for athlete to improve on and long term goals for athlete to work towards to using the SMART approach

# data[].attributes.body
Understand athlete
- weakness & strength
- medical history
- Purpose of doing this sport
- fitness level

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Latin Dancesport
- Consist of 5 different types of dances (chacha, samba, rumba, jive, paso)
- Requires balancing in different body position while on heels
- require proper dancing techniques to finish the lines/action

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Develop a plan which fit to athlete
- swim 4 times a weeks
- identify the swim technique and improve it to make better

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Set a goals compatible to athlete's performance:
example:
- able to float without aid in 2 course
- able to swim 5 basic stroke after 3 months course
- able to swim 50m with proper stroke

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Know the athlete:
medical condition (if any)
water confident level
injury history

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Swimming
- full body workout in water
- lifesaving skills, survival skills
- water safety, rhythmic breathing, floatation and self propulsion.
-  different types of swimming stroke with different technique

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Rock Climbing (bouldering)
Physically demanding sport, requires the athletes to be fit both physically and mentally.
Generally a climber needs to plan before attempting to scale from point A to point B using his limbs to maneuver around the given route.
Having a good technique(plus a little bit of strength) will help the climber.

Basic technique: heel &toe hook, keep straighten the arms

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Come up with a periodisation cycle to which includes  various training components mainly under technical, tactical, physical and mental skills training.

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From knowing the athletes' competency level, coach as well as athletes' can set S.M.A.R.T goals to achieve their said goal.

# data[].attributes.body
observation: fitness level, technique, strengths and weakness, medical history, mental conditioning

interview: informal chat to find out more about athlete, identify area that impact learning and adaptation, find out if they have prior experience with the sport

Test: skill test, time trial to determines fitness level

Use VARK information to help you know your athletes and coach better

• Visual learners (I see, I learn)

Use photos, videos, drawings, demonstrations

• Auditory learners (I hear, I learn)

Use more verbal cues and ask more questions

• Read/Write learners (I read/write, I learn)

Use written cues & ask athlete to write cues in his own words

• Kinesthetic learners (I do, I learn)

Let athlete do while hearing and seeing your demo

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Volleyball

Consists of two teams of six players on each side, in which players use their hands to hit the ball back and forth over the net, trying to make the ball touch the court at opponents' playing area before it can be returned

Basic technical skills of volleyball are serving, passing, setting, attacking, blocking, and digging.

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Develop a season plan to reach season objective. This improve athlete's tactical and technique skills to prep for competition.
Learning - Technical, Tactical and Psychology
Adaptation - Progression through training loads and task difficulty

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Process goal - work on techniques
Performance goal - Set target for individual to achieve
Outcome goal - Enter national team

Set S.M.A.R.T to increase clarity & goal commitment

# data[].attributes.body
Establish baseline of the athlete through
- observation: fitness level, technique, strengths and weakness
-interview: informal chit chat to find out more, identify area that impact learning and adaptation
-test: test protocols, skill test, time trial to determines fitness level

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Understand technical, tactics and mental techniques aspect of the sports. E.g Tennis

- play doubles/ single match
- use of tennis racquets and ball
- hit the ball over the net landing the ball within the margins of the court and in a way that results in your opponent being unable to return the ball. You win a point every time your opponent is unable to return the ball within the court.

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Develop an action plan to reach the goal set. Slowly improving by adding on training load and task difficulty bit by bit.

# data[].attributes.body
Set Long and short term goals for the athlete to achieve or to improve oneself.

# data[].attributes.body
Find out and understand the athletes fitness level, proficiency, medical history and the desired outcome.

# data[].attributes.body
Swimming
-Drowning is the leading cause of unintentional accidental deaths in children hence it is important for everyone especially children to learn swimming.
-There are a total of 6 strokes in swimming (Frontcrawl, Backstroke, Breaststroke, Butterfly, Sidestroke, Survival Backstroke)
-Swimming is a great form of exercise
-Easy on the joints

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Correcting and finetuning athlete's technical skills. Progressive training to increase athletes' physical capacity and ability. Creating scenarios and opportunities to improve athletes' tactical experiences.

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Goal setting based on understanding of the athletes' current level of proficiency and ambition level.

# data[].attributes.body
Understanding the athletes' level of proficiency, strengths and weaknesses.

# data[].attributes.body
Understanding both technical and tactical aspects of the sport

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There must a tangible way to improve and reach the athletes goals . A good coach will articulate a plan which will allow the athlete to improve all aspects of themselves both mentally and physically.

# data[].attributes.body
From knowing the baseline.A coach and athlete can set measurable goals. One needs to know where they are going in order to get anywhere.

# data[].attributes.body
Understanding the Athletes baseline will allow both the coach and athlete understand who the athlete is by gathering data. This can be just simple information on the athlete's state of mind through to their personal best times. It is essential to know where one can start from.

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Swimming
In recreation and sports, the propulsion of the body through water by combined arm and leg motions and the natural flotation of the body. Swimming as an exercise is popular as an all-around body developer and is particularly useful in therapy and as exercise for physically handicapped persons. It is also taught for activities like diving, lifesaving, surfing, synchronised swimming, underwater diving, and water polo.

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understand athletes
-medical issues(if any)
-martial arts background(if any)
-fitness
-flexibility
-personal achievement
-mental conditioning
-discipline
-understanding the rules

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karate
-understand and demonstrate the technical terms
-understand the origins and traditions of karate
-understand the sport practice and disiplines

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MTB Cross Country racing is the most popular mountain biking discipline and also the least extreme amongst the other forms. XC racing is also an Olympic discipline which involves competitors racing from point-to-point through defined trail sections in the fastest time possible. XC trails can range from open fire roads to winding narrow single-tracks that will test the rider’s endurance and technical handling skills.

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Technical:
- Increasing air time in jumps.
- Leg strengthening exercises through doing lunges and squats.

Tactical:
- Learning to fake and targetting gaps in opponents defence.
- Passing drills and cross court pass

Psychology:
- Pre-game routines and meals.

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Setting targets for different positions

Process Goals:
- Learn to attack from the 0 degree angle of the net from the left wing.

Performance Goals:
- Score 5 points from the left wing.

Outcome goals:
- Aim to win competition or get top 3.

# data[].attributes.body
Understand athletes
- fitness
- Understanding of the game
- playmaking skills
- favoured positions.
- attributes.

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Tchoukball is a non-contact sport played between 2 teams of 7.

The major muscle groups that require the most training is in the thighs.

# data[].attributes.body
have a plan to achieve the goals :
- diet plan
- training plan
- identify weakness in swimming execution and try to improve.

# data[].attributes.body
a target for the athlete to achieve.
Eg :
- complete 400m swim in or under xx seconds

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Understand current athlete :
- fitness

- skill proficiency level

- Attitude

- Medical condition (any)

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Swimming
- know the different style of swimming (butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, freestyle)
- know the specific techniques for the different swimming styles

# data[].attributes.body
A series of training session with the big goal of improving the athlete

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Set a realistic target for improvement short term

And also a long term, such as if he wants to win a gold medal

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Interview the athlete to know what his past experience is,
Do test to find out his current fitness/skill level

# data[].attributes.body
Research on the sport
Know from facts what technique is used more, which muscle group etc

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Identify the lacking component from the athlete's baseline and their goals.
Develop a plan to cater for both physical conditioning and technical training

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Determine an athlete's goal using process, performance and outcome goals.

process goal: Improve ground stroke

Performance Goals: Able to rally for 20 shots minimally

Outcome goals: Qualify for interschool competition team

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Understand the athlete's capabilities and goals such as recreational or competitive training

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Tennis is a sport that may be played individually or as a pair.

Depending on gender and/or recreational or competitive context, each match will last from a minimum of 1 to 5 sets.

# data[].attributes.body
- Identify the gap between current fitness level to the desired outcome
- Develop both long-term and short-term goals
- Develop training and prep session to work on physiology, psychology, technical and tactical aspect of athletes

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S: To complete the run in 3hr 45mins
M: Increase pace to reduce time taken for every 1km (weekly)
A: To run at 5mins 35secs per 1km on actual day
R: Previous marathon was 3hr 57mins, realistic to attained new set timing
T: To clock a time trial midway to look at current status

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Understand current athletes' fitness and endurance level and what is the desired outcome of upcoming race.

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Running (marathon) is an endurance sport that requires runners to:
- acquire proper running techniques
- build muscle strength and condition body for long runs
- prep mentally for race (visualisation, fighting spirit)

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Identify how far from the desired goals the team is from, in terms of the individual, team and school levels and aim to have dedicated progressive steps to lead the team as a whole to the desired outcome.

E.g. organise team dinners once in a while to let the students bond after an intense training or a stressful competition week.

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Individual level:
Every member should know what their strengths are and hover around the region of the court they are supposed to stay at, 3-point shooter should stay near midfield and the defenders at the hoop etc.

Team level:
The team should have good camaraderie and also be motivating each other to train. They should strive to be punctual to trainings and not slack on trainings or take trainings for granted.

School level:
The school helps students plan ahead for competitions and organises sporting events in school to give the students a chance to showcase their training in the court.

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Know the athletes’:

- skill proficiency level
- fitness Level
- ability to make fast and sound decisions under pressure
- cohesiveness with the rest of the team
- willingness to improve and learn

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Basketball is a game with a standardised:
- number of players a team
- ball
- court
- rules

And every game is conducted using the same equipment and facilities