# data[].attributes.body
-guilds
-the shelter of the poor
they provided assistance
-lodging
-storage for baggage
-finding jobs
-caring for the sick and the dead

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first attempt to ban an entire group from entry into US

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first attempt to ban an entire group from entry into US

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In 1840,it was easier to travel from China to San Francisco than from Missouri to San Francisco

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2. After the Union Pacific Railroad is completed in 1869

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2. After the Union Pacific Railroad is completed in 1869

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not enough jobs for the labors.
cheaper
the Chinese workers taking jobs away from the "white" workers.

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-The gathering place of Chinese people
-Newspapers and state committees complained that it was not only overcrowded and filthy beyond imagination, but also possible to spread disease

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No Chinese person shall be permitted to enter the United States by land without producing to the proper officer of customs the certificate in this act required of Chinese persons seeking to land from a vessel.

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That hereafter no State court or court of the United States shall admit Chinese to citizenship; and all laws in conflict with this act are hereby repealed.

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Encyclopedia of Politics of the American West, edited by Steven L. Danver, SAGE Publications, 2013. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://ntserver1.wsulibs.wsu.edu:3447/lib/wsu/detail.action?docID=1249957.

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.Lockemy, Judge James E. "A Standing Menace to Republican Institutions: A Brief Overview of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and America's First Attempt to Ban a "Defined" Group from Entry into Our Nation." Judges' Journal, vol. 56, no. 3, Summer2017, pp. 14-16. EBSCOhost,

www.systems.wsu.edu/scripts/wsuall.pl?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?

direct=true&db=a9h&AN=124398244&site=ehost-live.

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Nicola, Patricia Hackett. "Chinese Exclusion Act Records." (2006).

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Qin, Y. (2012). The cultural clash: Chinese native-place sentiment and the chinese exclusion act of 1882. The Journal of Race & Policy, 8(1), 18-36. Retrieved from

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Reynolds, James Bronson. “Enforcement of the Chinese Exclusion Law.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol. 34, no. 2, 1909, pp. 143–154. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/1011221.

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Chan, Sucheng. "The exclusion of Chinese women." Entry denied: Exclusion and the Chinese community in America 1943 (1882): 94-146.

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the status of six main categories of Chinese women

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the status of six main categories of Chinese women

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-wives of laborers
-wives of merchants
-women claiming to be U.S.-born citizens
-wives of U.S. citizens
-daughters of U.S. citizens
-prostitutes

# data[].attributes.body
anyone who married a non-citizen lost his or her United States citizenship and was seen as being a citizen of the spouse’s country