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Keep in mind, that Mesons don't really have an anti-particle equivalent. As they are made up of a Quark and Anti-Quark, any 'opposite' is still just a Meson

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All information comes from (the physics text book)
Particle diagrams are original

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(Juicy)

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Before 1964, Physicist didn't know how particles got their mass. This is when Peter Higgs and his team put forward the idea that there is an undiscovered particle, dubbed the Higgs Boson.  After the Large Hadron Collider was built to find the Higgs Boson, the first evidence was found in 2012. Peter Higgs and Francois Englert got a Nobel Prize for it in 2013. The Higgs Boson was discovered and proven in 2016.

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Although theorised, there is no actual proof that the Graviton Particle exists. As Gravity is the weakest of the forces, the lack of proof of the Gravitron has no overall effect on the Standard Model

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Electrons are Fundamental particles, and come under leptons.

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. They have the same relative properties, such as spin and size, but their electric charge is opposite, such electrons and positrons.

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Elementary particles are, by all scientific methods known, indivisible. There  are 12 fundamental particles, including all 6 variations of quarks, and  electrons. Each fundamental particle has an antimatter opposite.

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These particles interact by exchanging W and Z bosons, therefore interacting through weak nuclear force. They are also able to interact through electromagnetic force.

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Gauge Bosons are the particles that represent the four forces which act upon particles, and direct their behaviour. The forces and their bosons are: Strong Nuclear force- Gluons, Electromagnetic- photon (light), Weak Nuclear- W⁺ W⁻ Z, and Gravity- Graviton.

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Everything that has mass, has matter. Matter also has energy. Everything you see, touch, and interact has matter.

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Fermions are the elementary/fundamental particles. Fermions are split into two groups, Quarks and Leptons. The particles are categorised by their Quantum Number.

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Quarks are the building blocks of larger particles, like the Hadrons. Quarks come in six flavours (variations) making up half of the fundamental particles. Quarks interact with the strong nuclear force, and are the only particle to do so.

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Mesons are made of  a Quark and an antiquark pair, and have a Baryon number of 0. Their properties are determined by the quarks they are made of.

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Hadrons are a category of particles, where they exchange Gluons. Hadrons are split into two subsections, determined by the Baryon Number; Baryons and Mesons.

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What most don't get taught, is that these particles are then made up of other particles. Neutrons and Protons are Baryons, and have a Baryon Number of +1. Baryons are made up of three Quarks

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Consisting of Protons and Neutrons, the nucleus is the center of the Atom

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We are always told that Atoms make up everything... And that Atoms are made from three particles