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the use of one word in context with multiple ideas of the sentence (e.g. He grew potatoes, tomatoes, and bored.)
Example from The Great Gatsby- "... (H)e was leaning against a table in the hall, heavy with dejection or sleep." -Fitzgerald, 147

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a rhetorical device in which three parallel clauses of a similar length and idea follow each other in a sequence
Example from The Great Gatsby-  "So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past." -Fitzgerald, 180

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a set of rules in literature that dictate which parts of speech can be put with what or patterns of the placement of parts of speech that make sense in order for the thought to make sense as a sentence-
Example from The Great Gatsby-  "Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us. It eluded us then, but that’s no matter—to-morrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms farther…." -Fitzgerald, -180

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a form of figurative language that makes a comparison between two ideas using 'like' or 'as'
Example from The Great Gatsby-  "...(H)e smiled like a weatherman, like an ecstatic patron of recurrent light..." -Fitzgerald, 89

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a literary technique that seems like humor but has the purpose of criticising the flaws in the world without making the literature too serious upfront
Example from The Great Gatsby-  "It was hard to realize that a man in my own generation was wealthy enough to do that." -Fitzgerald, 6

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a humorous play on words that includes words with more than one meaning or words that sound like each other that make sense in more than one context
Example from The Great Gatsby-   "Then he kissed her. At his lips’ touch she blossomed for him like a flower and the incarnation was complete." -Fitzgerald, 111

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the use of multiple conjunctions in a single sentence one after the other in order to create an artistic effect in the literature
Example from The Great Gatsby- "Our eyes lifted over the rose-beds and the hot lawn and the weedy refuse of the dog-days alongshore."  -Fitzgerald, 118

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a humorous imitation of a piece of literature which has made it obvious that it isn't the original piece
Example from The Great Gatsby-  "‘His name is Ferdie.’

‘Does the gasoline affect his nose?’" -Fitzgerald, 85
(this was a reference to Daisy's chauffeur based on Daisy's butler who's nose was affected by solver polishing)

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the use of phrases or sentences in a sequence that have the same grammatical structure and meaning
Example from The Great Gatsby-  “I was within and without, simultaneously enchanted and repelled by the inexhaustible variety of life” -Fitzgerald, 35

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a statement that contradicts itself in literal meaning but has a deep truth to it Example from The Great Gatsby-  "'And i like large parties. They're so intimate. At small parties there isn't any privacy.'" -Fitzgerald, 49

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a form of figurative language that includes two words or phrases that literally oppose each other's meaning but make sense when put together with each other (e.g. pretty ugly)
Example from The Great Gatsby- "...cheerful snobbery..." -Fitzgerald, 151

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on object or idea that has symbolic significance in a piece of literature based on the ongoing themes and context of the work
Example from The Great Gatsby-  "I lived at West Egg, the- well, the less fashionable of the two, though this is a most superficial tag to express the bizarre and not a little sinister contrast between them." -Fitzgerald, 5 (East and West Egg serve as motifs to the theme of class displayed in this novel)

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a figure of speech in which one word is able to replace a closely related word while still making sense
Example from The Great Gatsby- "Instead of rambling this party had preserved a dignified homogeneity, and assumed to itself the function of representing the staid nobility of the countryside- East Egg condescending to West Egg, and carefully on guard against its spectroscopic gayety." -Fitzgerald, 44

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the comparison of one thing to another with the use of 'is, are, or other terms that aren't 'like' or 'as'
Example from The Great Gatsby-  "'Her voice is full of money,' he said suddenly." -Fitzgerald, 120

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the use of two words of the same category that mean the opposite (two negatives equal a positive)
*not bad=good*
Example from The Great Gatsby-  "... (N)ot a little sinister contrast between them." -Fitzgerald, 5

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the use of parallel structure in a sequence with sentences with similar grammar, size, and ideas
Example from The Great Gatsby-

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the way of portraying a character or plot in a piece of literature that has opposite intentions of what is being shown
Example from The Great Gatsby- "‘ They’re such beautiful shirts,’ she sobbed, her voice muffled in the thick folds. ‘It makes me sad because I’ve never seen such—such beautiful shirts before.’" -Fitzgerald, 92

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a figure of speech in which the author asks a question then answers it immediately after
Example from The Great Gatsby-  "'Do you always watch for the longest day of the year and then miss it? I always watch for the longest day in the year and then miss it.'" -Fitzgerald, 11

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complete sentences made with only a single idea and without any conjunctions in order for the sentences to focus on entirely that idea and make it seem stronger to the audience (e.g. I came. I saw. I conquered. -Julius Caesar)
Example from The Great Gatsby-  "People disappeared, reappeared, made plans, to go somewhere, and then lost each other, searched for each other, found each other a few feet away." -Fitzgerald, 37

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a literary device that uses opposites to serve the purpose of contrasting two ideas that are the opposite of each other in order to create a contrasting effect  Example from The Great Gatsby- "Daisy looked at Tom frowning, and an indefinable expression, at once definitely unfamiliar and vaguely recognizable, as if I had only heard it described in words, passed over Gatsby's face." -Fitzgerald, 121

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a very short story that is based on the context of what is happening in that moment (often a memory or a funny story relating to the topic at hand)
Example from The Great Gatsby- "'I'll tell you a family secret,' she whispered enthusiastically. 'It's about the butler's nose. Do you want to hear about the butler's nose?'
'That's why I came over tonight'
'Well he wasn't always a butler; he used to be the silver polisher for some people in New York that had a silver service for two hundred people. He had to polish it from morning till night, until finally it began to affect his nose-.'
'Things went from bad to worse,' suggested Miss Baker.
'Yes. Things went from bad to worse, until finally he had to give up his position.'"

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the repetition of certain words or phrases in place of literature with successive lines (most often seen in poetry)
Example from The Great Gatsby- “Her face was sad and lovely with bright things in it, bright eyes, and a bright passionate mouth…” -Fitzgerald, 9

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a form of figurative language which is identified with multiple words in a sequence all starting with the same sound
Example from The Great Gatsby- "His hand took hold of hers..." -Fitzgerald, 96

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a piece of literature with more than one meaning (a more obvious meaning as well as a deeper level of meaning)
Example from The Great Gatsby-  While Jay Gatsby's means of coming up the social ladder were technically corrupt up front, they also represented his lifetime's struggles (like the war or losing Daisy) and being able to finally have some control over his life.

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each author's unique style of writing literature
Example from The Great Gatsby- Fitzgerald uses Nick Carraway's point of view throughout the novel. Carraway quotes other characters of the book in order to portray the story. The emotions of the book are portrayed by Nick's emotions towards the occurrence.

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a figure of speech which makes something seem less significant than it actually is or doesn't give it enough attention based on how important it really is
Example from The Great Gatsby- "I lived at West Egg, the- well, the less fashionable of the two, though this is a most superficial tag to express the bizarre and not a little sinister contrast between them." -Fitzgerald, 5

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a rhetoric or literary device using irony which either mocks or amuses one by meaning the opposite of what the statement literally says
Example from The Great Gatsby- "'It's about the butler's nose. Do you want to hear about the butler's nose?'
'That's why I came over tonight.'" -Fitzgerald, 13

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an obvious statement which has little weight to it so should be avoided in literature (often found in everyday conversation)
Example from The Great Gatsby- "...(A)nd now i was going to bring back all such things in my life and become again the most limited of all specialists, the 'well-rounded man.'" -Fitzgerald, 4

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signal words, phrases, or sentences with the purpose of connecting one idea in literature to another
Example from The Great Gatsby-

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the author's stance on a subject's intention (serious, funny, formal, informal, etc.) most often shown in literature through his or her choice of words
Example from The Great Gatsby- Fitzgerald changes tones towards certain occurrences throughout the novel. He does this by portraying how Nick Carraway feels towards the occurrence (like Gatsby's death).

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the proper way in which sentences should be structured though authors don't always use this (the most obvious structure) in order to attain a creative rhythm in their literature Example from The Great Gatsby-

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a trait given usually to a character which causes him or her to pay excessive and unnecessary attention to details (the use of this in literature demonstrates the actual writer's knowledge of the detail which the average person would otherwise not have noticed)
Example from The Great Gatsby- "Have you read ‘The Rise of the Coloured Empires’ by this man Goddard?’" -Fitzgerald, 12 (Tom Buchanan is showing us knowledge of literature in this quote.)

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a statement that causes confusion since it is irrelevant to the rest of the piece of literature
Example from The Great Gatsby-

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the tone of a piece of literature shown through the writer's portrayal of the subject that can be felt by the audience
Example from The Great Gatsby- The mood can be felt in the Valley of Ashes where Fitzgerald wants the audience to feel dark, depressed, gloomy, and pessimistic through Nick Carraway's perspective of this valley.

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the faulty or mistaken use of a word since it sounds like another similar looking or sounding word
Example from The Great Gatsby-  "'He's an Oggsford man.'" -Fitzgerald, 71

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a form of figurative language that overly exaggerated an idea in order to make a point
Example from The Great Gatsby-  "If personality is an unbroken series of successful gestures, then there was something gorgeous about him, some heightened sensitivity to the promises of life, as if he were related to one of those intricate machines that register earthquakes ten thousand miles away." -Fitzgerald, 2

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politer words or phrases that mean the same but replace words or phrases that are considered to be harsh
Example from The Great Gatsby-

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the use of ambiguous or vague language whilst giving a statement in order to give it more than one meaning (can be used as a loophole or tactic)
Example from The Great Gatsby-

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the word choice, phrases, style, and voice used in spoken or written literature that molds the audience's reaction to the literature
Example from The Great Gatsby- Fitzgerald has written a very mature novel. He touches multiple crucial topics while not making the novel too boring. Hi suse of words really gets his point across.

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the literal definition of a word
Example from The Great Gatsby-

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an implication or another non-obvious meaning displayed through a word or series of words based on past relevant event
Example from The Great Gatsby-  "She told me it was a girl, and so I turned my head away and wept. ‘All right,’ I said, ‘I’m glad it’s a girl. And I hope she’ll be a fool—that’s the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool.’" -Fitzgerald, 17

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each author's unique technique and usage of literary elements in his or her work (e.g. figurative language, word choice, sentence structure, etc.)
Example from The Great Gatsby-

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the study or analysis of how language is structured and how the meaning of literature makes sense
Example from The Great Gatsby-

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main/basic types of literature used in both the written and spoken language  (e.g. narration, description, exposition, and argumentation)
Example from The Great Gatsby-

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literary devices used by an author or speaker with the purpose of provoking an emotion hence persuading the audience of an idea or topic
Example from The Great Gatsby-

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the use of literature effectively and persuasively in both spoken and written language
Example from The Great Gatsby-

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a faulty reason given to back up a claim which makes the point invalid
Example from The Great Gatsby-

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a written or spoken component of literature longer than a single sentence (e.g. debates)
Example from The Great Gatsby-  "They were careless people, Tom and Daisy—they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made...." -Fitzgerald, 179

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Defend: to support a point of view
Example from The Great Gatsby-
Challenge: to question a point of view's credibility
Example from The Great Gatsby-
Qualify: *definition*
Example from The Great Gatsby-

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the main statement, opinion, or view of a piece of literature often given at the beginning in order introduce the work's point of view
Example from The Great Gatsby-  "‘Whenever you feel like criticizing any one,’ he told me, ‘just remember that all the people in this world haven’t had the advantages that you’ve had.’" -Fitzgerald, 1

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Ethos: credibility used to convince someone of something
Example from The Great Gatsby- "'Whenever you feel like criticizing anyone,' he told me, 'just remember that all people in this world haven't had the advantages that you've had.'"
Pathos: emotion used to convince someone of something
Example from The Great Gatsby-
Logos: logic used to convince someone of something
Example from The Great Gatsby- “'I hope she’ll be a fool—that’s the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool.'" -Fitzgerald, 17

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a verbal attack or disagreement against someone like controversy composed to attack someone or a debate opposing someone
Example from The Great Gatsby-

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a literary device that creates a relation between two ideas by creating a parallel in order to create a better understanding (this is to this what that is that)
Example from The Great Gatsby-  "If personality is an unbroken series of successful gestures, then there was something gorgeous about him, some heightened sensitivity to the promises of life, as if he were related to one of those intricate machines that register earthquakes ten thousand miles away." -Fitzgerald, 2

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a technique used in literature that places two ideas, people, places, etc. side by side for the purpose of comparing and contrasting
Example from The Great Gatsby- "They weren't happy, and neither of them had touched the chicken or the ale- and yet they weren't unhappy either." -Fitzgerald, 145

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a form of figurative language used by authors in their literature in order to make a comparison to something well known (like a story or a person) in order to create a better understanding for the audience
Example from The Great Gatsby- "Have you read ‘The Rise of the Coloured Empires’ by this man Goddard?’" -Fitzgerald, 12

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a literary device used to correctly get rid of parts of a piece of literature in order to either let the audience fill in the gaps with their own imagination/opinion or to cite only a specific part of a source
Example from The Great Gatsby- "'Please come and see me.... Phone book.... Under the name of Mrs. Sigourney Howard.... My aunt....'" -Fitzgerald, 52

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a summary of one's main point or claim given at the beginning of a piece of literature (usually a one-sentence statement)
Example from The Great Gatsby- "Only Gatsby, the man who gives his name to this book, was exempt from my reaction- Gatsby, who represented everything for which i have an unaffected scorn." -Fitzgerald, 2