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(Aimi Syahida, Dayana Najwa, Wan Natasha Suraya Adeeba)

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Group 5 ( Nik Ahmad Afif Firdaus, Nurhannan Tahiruddin and Yusran Rosman)

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Group 5 ( Nik Ahmad Afif Firdaus, Nurhannan Tahiruddin and Yusran Rosman)

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The difference between applied linguistics and Linguistics? The Applied Linguistics’ definition, initially, was not easy to define, especially during its early conception. The definition of applied linguistics was constantly debated among scholars. However, Guy Cook deﬁned Applied Linguistics as ‘the academic discipline concerned with the relation of knowledge about language to decision making in the real world’ (Cook 2003: 20). Linguistics (or pure linguistics) is the term used for the study of the technical aspects of language (such as semantics, syntax, phonetics etc). In this regard, applied linguistics does not only take into account of these technical aspects but also focuses on addressing immediate (and contemporary), real-world issues when it comes to language. In this sense, the study of Applied Linguistics makes it a somewhat dynamic field, as issues may differ from time to time, and a single issue may have different possible solutions to which it can address with. This is in contrast with pure linguistics, as its content is relatively constant in nature. What is the issues behind the distinction? The issue stemmed from the past debates between academicians and scholars in the field of linguistics, particularly on the field which applied linguistics attempted to cover. Some scholars insisted that applied linguistics should only be applied to language learning and teaching. Others believed that the scope should not be limited to learning and teaching, but also other disciplines as it draws on psychology, sociology, politic and so on. The issue also comes from the vagueness in whether the term applied linguistics is needed or not. This is because of the uncertainty in coining the terms between the applied discipline and the pure subjects. This made it difficult for applied linguistics to attain a recognised status as its own independent field.

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Group 1 (Laili Ahmad Khairuddin and Yasmin Ahmad Khairuddin)

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Group 1 (Laili Ahmad Khairuddin and Yasmin Ahmad Khairuddin)

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1) The difference between Linguistics and Applied Linguistics is that Linguistics is more on theory and abstract reasoning on what goes through the mind concerning languages while Applied Linguistics focuses on engaging or solving real-life problems related to languages in the world. The purpose of linguistics and other fields of study within it like sociolinguistics, functional linguistics, corpus linguistics, etc is to describe and explain things. Whilst Applied Linguistics produces solutions to language-related problems that exist in the world using the theories of linguistics while also considering the experience and necessities of the people related to the problem.

2) The issue behind the distinction is that when solving these real-life problems, the method of solving it using applied linguistics would end up becoming complex as the necessity of both the findings and theories of linguistics, with the consideration of the experience and needs of the people involved in the problem itself would require them to have a reciprocal relationship which is often-times difficult to produce. The whole justification of having Applied Linguistics is to make the discourse of everyday life and language experience be relevant to the discourse represented by abstract analyses of linguistic expertise. Linguistic theory and description cannot be used directly to solve the problems because the problems itself represent perspectives of reality.

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Group 3 (Nur Irdina, Ain Syafiqah, Suryani)

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Group 3 (Nur Irdina, Ain Syafiqah, Suryani)

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Group 7 (Najwa Diyana, Shahira Mahirah, Syamimi Saharuddin

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Group 7 (Najwa Diyana, Shahira Mahirah, Syamimi Saharuddin

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Group 4 (Wan Nur Syazni, Nurul Husna & Nur Nabilah)

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Group 4 (Wan Nur Syazni, Nurul Husna & Nur Nabilah)

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Linguistics is the scientific study of language, primarily concerned with the nature of language and communication. It is divided into several branches namely,  morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, phonetics and phonology. Applied linguistics, on the other hand, is defined in many ways by many linguists and one of them includes, “A working definition of applied linguistics will then be the theoretical and empirical investigation of real-world problems in which language is a central issue” (Brumfit 1997b:93). Though different linguists have different definitions of applied linguistics, the main point is always solving problems that exist within the language scope. Linguistics deals with language itself and in finding ways of analyzing language and building theories which describe language. It also involves the search for an explanation of linguistic universals, that is, properties of all, or many languages have in common. Other sub-fields of linguistics are concerned with a set of extensive inquiries of how language is acquired by infants or children, and how language is delivered by the brain. Linguistics is an abstract field of study while applied linguistics is a theoretical study. Applied linguistics is also more practical and empirical than linguistics. Applied linguistics is where the theories in linguistics is applied and are put to use to solve problems pertaining language. The reason for the distinction is the broad concept of study behind applied linguistics. Since the field of study is too broad, the main focus of what and how applied linguistics is seems to be unclear to the target audience. The other reason would be the difference in opinions by linguists. Some say that applied linguistics should focus on a teaching and learning scope while some say it should include more of psycholinguistics, humor studies and more. There is also the issue of whether applied linguists and general linguists are well informed about the other’s fields. Applied linguists take their objects of study as very different objects to general linguists and they approach them from quite different epistemological perspectives too. Hence, the two disciplines cannot be interrelated however there may be subdisciplines within Applied Linguistics which retain some notion of “linguistics applied” which branched out of general linguistics. Also, initially, applied linguistics was concerned with teaching and learning languages and so applied linguists started to apply findings from linguistic research to the teaching of languages. An example may be the case of using the results of “contrastive analysis” in the areas of syntax or phonology between two languages to develop instructional materials and teach them accordingly. This further reflected the “linguistics applied” move.

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Group 6  (Siti Sabrina, Ummu Syafiqah & Nurul Shajidah

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Group 6  (Siti Sabrina, Ummu Syafiqah & Nurul Shajidah

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（Group 8）　Afif bin Ahmad Khairuddin, Arif bin Ahmad Khairuddin

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（Group 8）　Afif bin Ahmad Khairuddin, Arif bin Ahmad Khairuddin

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Chapter 1 (Summary): Difference between Linguistics and Applied linguistics and the reason behind the distinction.

Applied linguistics was not an easy concept to define by linguists and other scholars of similar discipline and to an extent, some even question the need for a syllabic definition in the first place. Whereas Linguistics have an established definition and along with it, branches of study like, Phonology, Syntax, Semantics, etc., according to the author, applied linguistics must work for its status in the academic world. Applied linguistics was too broad to be defined and at the same time too relevant to not have a discipline for teaching. Applied linguistic in simple terms, refer to any problems, situation or practical scenarios related to language and its relation to it. Whereas linguistics has a more theoretical approach. The reason behind the distinction between these two close field of study is the lack of understanding of the source and target of applied linguistics. What exactly is being applied here is unclear. So, the author suggested looking into the target that is, what is it that applied linguistics aim for its learners and practitioners, that would of course be related to linguistics and language, but to say that it only involves that would not be possible. There are those who are for applied linguistics to be more than just language teaching, they put their focus on human problems that come with language and see what are being done about them. In this case, linguistics may only play a small role. Applied linguistics have much to do with other field of study like psychology, sociology, education, measurement theory and the likes and not just solely linguistics. As Applied linguistics tend to focus on the problems, the framework is bigger and has to be seen from the context of almost every scientific field that has languages in it. We can conclude that because applied linguistics has a bigger framework and are problem oriented, it deals with a combination of disciplines and linguistics is just one of many disciplines present to help explain and analyse the problem or situation being looked into.

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Farah, Wahidah, Aisyah