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The Central Nervous System and Reflexes - Biology - Science - Get That C In your GCSE and IGCSE

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When a receptor is stimulated, it sends a signal to the central nervous system, where the brain co-ordinates the response. But sometimes a very quick response is needed, one that does not need the involvement of the brain. This is a reflex action.

Reflex actions are rapid and happen without us thinking. For example, you would pull your hand away from a hot flame without thinking about it. The animation below allows you to step through each stage of the reflex arc.

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This is what happens:

1. receptor detects a stimulus - change in the environment

2. sensory neurone sends signal to relay neurone

3. motor neurone sends signal to effector

4. effector produces a response

The way the iris in our eye adjusts the size of the pupil in response to bright or dim light is also a reflex action.

In bright light:

Radial muscles of the iris relax.

Circular muscles of the iris contract.

Less light enters the eye through the contracted pupil.

In dim light:

Radial muscles of the iris contract.

Circular muscles of the iris relax.

More light enters the eye through the dilated pupil.

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When a receptor is stimulated, it sends a signal to the central nervous system, where the brain co-ordinates the response. But sometimes a very quick response is needed, one that does not need the involvement of the brain. This is a reflex action. Reflex actions are rapid and happen without us thinking.