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Hudson River PCB Contamination (Hudson River)

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Hudson River PCB Contamination (Hudson River)

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- 1947-1977
- The Hudson River was contaminated by dangerous chemicals. The General Electric Company allowed the chemicals to be released into the water.
- Chemical: Polychlorinated Biphenyls
- Point Source
- The wildlife was harmed, especially the fish. The people who ate the fish in the river were also affected. The Hudson River Sloop and G cleaned the river from the contamination. As a result, the Clean Water Act was passed and pump-storage hydroelectricity has been used to prevent contamination.

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Gulf of Mexico Dead Zone (Gulf of Mexico)

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Gulf of Mexico Dead Zone (Gulf of Mexico)

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- Present time
- Fertilizers and waste systems contaminated the water.
- Fertilizers and chemicals
- Point source
- The blame points to the carelessness of society, as we dump contaminated water back into water resources. The animals suffer as they are harmed along with their habitats.

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Coal Ash Pond Drinking Water Contamination (North Carolina)

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Coal Ash Pond Drinking Water Contamination (North Carolina)

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- 2015
- Coal ash mixed with water was stored in unlined pits. The mix was able to seep into the groundwater, contaminating it.
- Chemical: Coal ash
- Point source
- The disaster poisoned wells and harmed the health of individuals. The cleanup fee was $3 millions. It is long term because the water is still toxic due to the coal.

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-1993
- The water was contaminated with dangerous chemicals after they were spilled into it. It was considered to be the biggest drinking water outbreak in United States history. A water tower was contaminated by the chemicals.
- Chemical: Cryptospordium-parvum.
- Non-point source
- Over 400,000 individuals were affected and 104 people have been pronounced dead due to the disaster. The cleaning process consisted of trying to get the chemicals out of the water. The chemicals are still contaminating the water; therefore, it is long term.

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Elk River Chemical Spill (West Virginia)

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Elk River Chemical Spill (West Virginia)

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- January 9, 2014
- Chemicals were released from Freedom Industries facility into the Elk River, contaminating it.
- Chemical: Crude 4 methycyclohexanemethanol
- The chemical leaked in the bottom of a stainless steel storage tank.
- Point source
- 300,000 people were left without portable water as a result. The ultimate outcome and risks of the spill have not yet been determined. It could end up being extremely dangerous.

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- 1970's
- Chemicals infected the wells
- Organic chemicals
- Caused by the water pipe and not enough supervision. It was $21 million to clean up.
- Non point source
- Effects were very bad: cancer and other health problems. Long term because the water was contaminated with toxic water which lead to the health issues upon humans.

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- 1969
- Oil slick on river caught on fire. The river was extremely polluted and when the oil was spilled into it the river was literally on fire.
- Oil pollution (and debris)
- Point source
- Bridge and railroad burned down, National Environmental Policy Act to help people get from industrial to technology. There was no long term effects because it was able to all be cleaned up effectively.

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Pacific Gas and Electric Chromium Contamination (Hinckley, CA)

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Pacific Gas and Electric Chromium Contamination (Hinckley, CA)

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-1952-1966
- Water source was used as a place to dump 370 million gallons of toxic water
- Chronium
- Point source
- Groundwater was polluted and people could not use it as a resource anymore. $750 million was spent in the cleaning process, and it is still being cleaned

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Love Canal Contamination (Niagara Falls, NY)

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Love Canal Contamination (Niagara Falls, NY)

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- 1978-2004
- Canal was used as a place to dump chemical waste
- Hooker Chemical Company
- Carcinogens, Halogenated organics, Chlorobenzenes
- Non-point source
- People had no clue that there was chemicals in the water. It led to long term effects because the toxic chemicals harmed the people and are very dangerous. It took 21 years, $400 million to clean up.

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- August 5, 2015
- Toxic waste water was released into Animal River Watershed.
- Toxic water
- Workers and EPA drained pounded water near mine entrance
- Point-source
- Water had to be tested before people could use it. It was cleaned by diluting contaminants. No long term effects because the river was opened again and proclaimed safe.

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Camp Lejeune Contamination (Marine Corps Base, North Carolina)

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Camp Lejeune Contamination (Marine Corps Base, North Carolina)

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- 1953-1987
- The people in the area were exposed to contaminated drinking water.
- Industrial solvents, Benzene, PCE, TCE
- Causes: water bases
- Non-point source
- Diseases spread among almost 900 people. An Act was passed to help clean the water (it had to be consistently checked). People were affected with cancer, organ problems, and other health concerns. It was very harmful to humans

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Exxon Valdez Tanker (Prince William, Alaska)

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Exxon Valdez Tanker (Prince William, Alaska)

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- March 24, 1989
- Drunk boat driver ran into reed, the oil in the boat spilled into the ocean.
- Point source, Oil pollution
- To this day, the wildlife itself and habitats are not fully restored (ex: Killer Whale). Teams were used to help clean and evaluate animals.

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Deepwater Horizon (BP) Spill (Gulf of Mexico)

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Deepwater Horizon (BP) Spill (Gulf of Mexico)

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- April 21, 2010
- British Petroleum (BP) offshore oil rig exploded and sank deep down into the ocean. The Deepwater Horizon oil well leaked 5 million barrels of oil into the Gulf of Mexico. Impacted Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Gulf of Mexico. Habitats and endangered species were effected in a very negative way. (Whales, sea turtles, birds) 1.8 million gallons of chemical dispersants were dumped into the water by cleanup crews and aircrafts.
- Oil pollution, Point source