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In the 1000's, towns had started to become big cities. One cause of this was that the population increased. Since they need more food, because there were more people, new technology was invented to help farmers which were, the plow, and the horse collar. Trade begin to increase, and as a result of that, knights started to demand money for payment, instead of land. After the Crusades, people who survived started to leave their homes, and go to big cities.

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Eleanor of Aquitaine lived in between c.1122-1204, and ruled Aquitaine as a king's vassal. in 1137 she became the queen of France when she married King Louis VII, but later divorced him for King Henry II, the king of England. She had two sons, on of which was Richard the Lionheart.

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In the houses, during the Middle Ages, the lord lived in the big estate called the manor while the serfs lived in little shacks. The church belonged to the lord, while the serfs owned nothing. The serfs had to farm and take care of the animals, as well as give food and money to the knights. A manor usually included, large houses, or a castle, pastures, fields, and forests.

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William the conqueror, discovered feudalism in the 1000's. In 1066 he decided to conquer England, so he sailed England. He had defeated the king, near Hasting, and declared himself king. As a reward for all their hard work, he rewarded all of his knights with land. This was the beginning of feudalism, in England.

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The lowest people on the social hierarchy of the Middle Ages were the peasants, or serfs. Serfs owned no land, and because of this they weren't apart of the feudal system. Many serfs worked on land owned by nobles or knights, and they grew vegetables in small gardens near their small houses, and during the fall they harvested wheat. Serfs are tied to the land they work, and can't leave it without permission of their lords. They worked for protection, and even their children had to work.

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Below lords, kings, and queens were the knights, which could have serfs as vassals. They served their lord, and fought for their king in exchange for land. They could accept fiefs from their several lords. They also were suits or armor, and fought on horseback.

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Below the kings and queens were the nobles, which could be vassals for the kings and queens, and have knights and serfs as vassals. Lords could be higher or lower then certain other lords, but had knights and serfs still below them. They fought for their king or queen, and received land for doing so. They gave higher ranking lords money on special occasions, and if they were visiting they were forced to let them in and feed them. People could become lords if they got enough lord.

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The people with the greatest power in the Middle Ages were the kings and queens. During the Middle Ages they had a monarchy meaning that kings and queens had absolute power, and they got that power through birth right. Below them were knights and nobles which could be their vassals, which would mean the kings and queens gave them land, and the knights and lords gave them money and food, and protection. They also built castles for protection.