# data[].attributes.headline
Nam June Paik. Electronic Superhighway: Continental U.S. 1995

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Nam June Paik. Electronic Superhighway: Continental U.S. 1995

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Neon lights wiht
Tv screens would shows something that was important in that state.
The idea of information highway. We don't actually go to the place--we just look at it on a screen.

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did lots of research on women who made a difference
got other women togheter and made thigns that normally would be the only thing women could do for art. Quilting, ceramnics, stiching, etc.
39 places but has a lot more women on there

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Christo and Jeanne-Claude.  Running Fence Sonoma and Marin counties, California. 1972–76

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Christo and Jeanne-Claude.  Running Fence Sonoma and Marin counties, California. 1972–76

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24. 5 miles
n. california into the pacific ocean. Only ran for two weeks.
The art is everything that went into it. Al  the hearings, drawings, getting permissions from.
spent 2 million on it
It was also about the people who saw it.
many Critiques changed their minds.

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Robert Smithson. Spiral Jetty  Great Salt Lake, Utah. 1970

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Robert Smithson. Spiral Jetty  Great Salt Lake, Utah. 1970

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earthworks strips the last tradition of the arts--showing it in the gallery.
Subject to change bc of the elements. He wanted that.
He wanted it to eventually go back to what it was before.
Breaking: anyone can go see it. Takes away the elitism. Can touch (unlike museum), and not in a gallery.
shows up in petroglyphs and symbolizes eternity and going on forever.
used bulldozer.
its an experience.

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REALLY took his hand from it. He didn't make the blocks or set it up even.
Plexy glass on top and bottom
Breaking boundaries of what sculpture can be.
There's variety bc light reflect s when you move around the room.
watned you to be aware of your presence in the gallery (minamalist)

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puts together a bunch of v shapes together
acryllic
White stripes are the canvas.
Dont see the artists hand
minamalist art
canvas is not typical rectangle

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Critiques said why aren't you saying something about the war or hard things?
In a sense this is responding
Hard edge abstraction
If it doesn't mean anything we're just left to look at the colors and the shapes
acryllic

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Andy Warhol. Campbell’s Soup Cans. 1961–64

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Andy Warhol. Campbell’s Soup Cans. 1961–64

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Worked in commercial art first

Understood power of mass media and used those techniques for fine art

Anndy says I am a machine. Didn’t want to see the hand of the artist. But wanted everything to be done to his specifications

He’s not showing careful hand work

Made a rubber stamp

Eventually used a silk screen

These are all the diff cans of cam bell

“This is my world today. I eat can bell soup everyday for lunch.”

Shows the amount of choices

Used a grid

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Mass production

Should there be a divide between fine and commercial art.

Blurring lines

Put vende dots (newspaper)

Only used a few colors

This style is not usually

Make comments on the stereotypes of gender

Women are hysterical and can’t help themselves
made this around the same time Warhol made his.

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about seperation (like wartime) no door
No sign of life
Don't know whats going on
IN the height of the war
loniliess in new urban spaces is what Hopper painted frequently
Signifiers of everyday american experience. Napkins, cofee and such are specific but its also very general.

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divorced
Left portrait of her accesories of mexico
Right peasant woman
resilience
unity between them with clasped hands and veins connecting them
ONe is weka and other is strong

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Jacob Lawrence, Migration of the Negro series, 1940-41

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Jacob Lawrence, Migration of the Negro series, 1940-41

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dentist ans sister
Mid west thinks oh he's onw of us and city folk think he's mocking them
Everything seems homemade.
Can't really tell their emotion. Can see what you want
Regionalism . SPeaks of american west
Influenced by europe but uses it for american art
geometry and shapes in background
Facists about to take power and wants anti internationalism

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Christians connotation. Leaes symbolize marys suffering
Clinical in their preceision.
Big
Make busy new yorkers take time to see the fkowers.

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Piet Mondrian. Composition (Composition with Red, Blue, and Yellow). 1930

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Piet Mondrian. Composition (Composition with Red, Blue, and Yellow). 1930

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From England

Influenced by mean work

Lots of reclining figures

Raw stone

Looks almost primitive

Life size

Evoke feelings of motherhood bc of void where baby would have been

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Alexander Calder. Lobster Trap and Fish Tail. 1939

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Alexander Calder. Lobster Trap and Fish Tail. 1939

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Meret Oppenheim. Object (Luncheon in Fur). 1936

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Meret Oppenheim. Object (Luncheon in Fur). 1936

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Juxtaposition

With Picasso joked about it. Fur bracelet

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Juxtapositon

Non utilitarian together

Makes you cringes a little

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Salvador Dalí. The Persistence of Memory. 1931

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Salvador Dalí. The Persistence of Memory. 1931

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Some naturalism

Oil on canvas

Naturalistic looking ants and organic tree

Unnaturual:

Tree growing on a box

Weird blanket, horse, face,

It’s like a dream. It doesn’t follow things

Perspective of pocket watch

Time isn’t as rational as we think or hope it is.

Time changes (time flies when you’re having fun)

Ocean is completely still

We all remember things differently

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René Magritte, The Treachery of Images, 1928-29

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René Magritte, The Treachery of Images, 1928-29

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This is not a pipe

Art is never the real world. It’s all

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Biomorphic forms. (Living and changing forms)

He was starving and would hallucinate and paint the shapes he saw

Playing with new levels of flatness

Oil on cnavas

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Had a really hard life

Decided that art was way too elitist. Stopped doing oil painting and started doing lithographs that were cheap to do.

The toll of war is too great

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Hannah Höch, Cut with the Kitchen Knife through the Beer-Belly of the Weimar Republic, 1919

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Hannah Höch, Cut with the Kitchen Knife through the Beer-Belly of the Weimar Republic, 1919

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Photo montage

Collage inspired by Brock and Picasso?

All of this technology has led to detraction and war

Kollwitz in middle

Has a dada and anti dada side

Selfportrait next to map where shows what countries allow women to vote.

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Raoul Hausmann. Mechanical Head (Spirit of the Age). ca. 1920

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Raoul Hausmann. Mechanical Head (Spirit of the Age). ca. 1920

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Germany

Didn’t like the new government and society in general

Used a dummy head and put on things to do with measurements

Talking about a typical German. The brain is empty

(Context in later years people blindly followed Hitler)

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A show that doesn’t reject anything but this one was rejected.

He wanted to be rejected bc he wanted to call them hypocrites

Mott’s plumbing was name of the

Nothing makes sense anymore, especially bc of war. Break all these rules of society so why not in art.

Makes us ask what art really is. Does it have to be made or is it an idea?

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Hans Arp, Squares Arranged According to the Laws of Chance, 1916-17

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Hans Arp, Squares Arranged According to the Laws of Chance, 1916-17

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broke rules of not planning it/. It was n't the aritists decision to arrange them this way.
between wars

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Russian revolution.

Suprematism

Make a clean slate by step away from naturalism. Wanted more accessible type of art.

He wanted an art that had a new vocabulary and accessibility to them.

Express universal truths.

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Giorgio de Chirico. Mystery and Melancholy of a Street. 1914 

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Giorgio de Chirico. Mystery and Melancholy of a Street. 1914 

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Came to Paris from Russia.

Think more about emotion and response.

Influenced by cubism. Much more about fanatasy though.

Universal truths. The cosmos in background.

Intimate relationship between animals and people.

Tree of life.

Break laws of gravity

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Breaking a lot of rules

People say “it’s not yours. Artists are good craftsmen” Pushing us to think about the concept of art and ideas.

Took the function out of the two objects to create something new.

Kazimir Malevich, White of White. 1918

Russian revolution.

Suprematism

Make a clean slate by step away from naturalism. Wanted more accessible type of art.

He wanted an art that had a new vocabulary and accessibility to them.

Express universal truths.

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Marcel Duchamp. Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2. 1912

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Marcel Duchamp. Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2. 1912

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Americans were very shocked by the abstractions

Lots of perspective.

People could assume that its a woman bc of stereotype .

Not meant to look like a woman

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Umberto Boccioni. Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, 1913

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Umberto Boccioni. Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, 1913

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Motion: stepping into the future. It’s bronze. It s a machine metal.

Similar to Nike of Samothrace.

Moral is you can’t escape the past as hard as you try.

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Giacomo Balla, Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash, 1912

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Giacomo Balla, Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash, 1912

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Motion pictures and idea of cubism

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Capture ideas of modernism and embrace the future. Get rid of the past. Loved machines.

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The simple representative forms resemble medieval art.

Egypt: profile and frontal

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Child like. Building block idea.

Star of David: judism

Half moon

Petroglyphs

Wants us to be in tune with

Pyramid looks like Egypt

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Vasily Kandinsky. Sketch I for   “Composition VII.” 1913

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Vasily Kandinsky. Sketch I for   “Composition VII.” 1913

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Musical title

Not based on anything the natural world.

What is new? Using color to emphasize the emotion attached to it. Using color for color sake.

What does he express?

Not abstract but nonobjective.

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Vasily Kandinsky, Improvisation 28 (second version), 1912

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Vasily Kandinsky, Improvisation 28 (second version), 1912

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Music. Improvisation is music term. Each color stands as a music note.

Nature. Some hills and mountains and people

Artist was one of 1st to cross the line from reality to abstract.

Apocolyptic feel. Like flood of Noah.

Wanted to capture universal truths. Wanted audience to feel something.

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German Expressionism—Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider)

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German Expressionism—Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider)

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Not quite as pessemsitc. Wanted to give answer to the problems.

Abstract.

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Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Street, Berlin, 1913

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Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Street, Berlin, 1913

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A lot more about the people. There’s an illusion of reality—showing the sad reality of what it is.

People are too materialistic and there’s a disconnection of people. Problems of madden of life.

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Henri Matisse. Femme au chapeau (Woman with a Hat). 1905

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Henri Matisse. Femme au chapeau (Woman with a Hat). 1905

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Break: you HAVE to touch in the art gallery
No focal point like Jasckon pollock

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took real flags and painted over them
Encasutic paint. (wax)
Took a flat object and made it dimnesional
Didn't want us to think fo the meaning. He's tells us that its' not a flag

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universities were expecting students to do abstract expressionism but didn't want to do that. Post abstractions

Didnt want to try to change the world

combine: painting, sculpture, collage, and found objects. Refusing to let us define what it is

Odalisc means hera women.

Could also be derived fro Egyptian tower thing.

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Louise Nevelson. Sky Cathedral—Moon Garden Plus One. 1957–60

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Louise Nevelson. Sky Cathedral—Moon Garden Plus One. 1957–60

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sculpture

Finds junk and finds beauty in it

Particular about the lighting

Moon lighting

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Helen Frankenthaler. Mountains and Sea. 1952

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Helen Frankenthaler. Mountains and Sea. 1952

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thin oil paint

let paint sink into the canvas.

Tilting canvas to let it seep in areas she wanted to.

Use a raw canvas

Paint on the ground

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wanted to express a lot of emotion. Wanted to connection the basic human emotions. Many are moved to tears. have a spiritual experience.

soft edges

Really BIG painting. Wanted to make a statement

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JacksonPollock Autumn Rhythm: Number 30. 1950

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JacksonPollock Autumn Rhythm: Number 30. 1950

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He was interested in mythical and subconscious

break: paint on ground

He worked up to this style.

Action, gesture, and all-over painting.

Drip painting technique

big rule to break. He's not applying the brush.

Break rules: no focal pt and random composition

was the start of an international style

made the focus be on NY for 1st time

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Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. Street, Dresden. 1908 

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Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. Street, Dresden. 1908 

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steep POV. Flat color of Japanese prints.
Garish light
Artist focused on the feeling. Very crowded and stressful.

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A joke. Why sculpt something that's already made
JOke: Has cross hatching lines on it for "shadow"

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Pablo Picasso. Guitar, Sheet Music, and Wine Glass. 1912

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Pablo Picasso. Guitar, Sheet Music, and Wine Glass. 1912

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sound hole is positive space
using wallpaper
taking real stuff but things that are abstract like music and then having that drawn thing on right

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hes on a port

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Pablo Picasso. Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (The Young Ladies of Avignon). 1907

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Pablo Picasso. Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (The Young Ladies of Avignon). 1907

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from Spain

could paint well and wanted to keep searching for HIS style

huge

Changed whole course of art

Disregarded rules of space, figure ground relationships, beautiful nudes, consistency,

homeage to Cezanne with the fruit. Shows all diff POV all at once.

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Line not painted. Wall lines left out so it's flat. think of the lines being above but not this case.

By making everything red except art objects makes it very flattened and emphasizes paintings.

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Constantin Brancusi. Bird in Space. 1928 (unique cast) 

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Constantin Brancusi. Bird in Space. 1928 (unique cast) 

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5ft tall

customs didn't believe that it was a work of art

Is it beautiful?

Looks like a feather. Looks like a bird swooping down.

Shows a concept of flight

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Thomas Eakins, Max Schmitt in a Single Scull, 1871

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Thomas Eakins, Max Schmitt in a Single Scull, 1871

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Paints heroic winner of rowing guy looking at his reflection while he’s practicing.

Self portrait in back.

Went outside: Cloud shapes

Did lots of studies to get the right perspective and reflection right.

| Realism Max is looking in the water as he’s practicing instead of being in a dramatic, active pose (ordinary).
| Oil Almost centered focal point.
| Man was a champion French in rowing.
| Realism was a typical thing to do as was go outside to paint landscapes at the time
| It has a self portrait of Eakins in the background.

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James Abbot McNeill Whistler. Nocturne in Black and Gold: ca. 1875 

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James Abbot McNeill Whistler. Nocturne in Black and Gold: ca. 1875 

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ART FOR ART SAKE

Subject matter is secondary to color and paint

Sued person for criticizing piece who said he threw paint in the audience's face.

He thought it was worth the expensive price bc he was charging for talent developed in his lifetime

Nocturne is muscial. See art the way we listen to music. arrangemetns of line form and color 1st

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John Everett Millais. Christ in the Carpenter’s Shop. 1849–50 

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John Everett Millais. Christ in the Carpenter’s Shop. 1849–50 

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John baptist. bowl of water and camel skin. He's going ot wash Christ's hand

Wound of Christ's hand is symbolic and blood on foot.

Triangle + trinity

Ladder: descent from the cross

Dove

sheep=followers. hes the lamb of God.

Symmetic arrangement. Looks like a sacra conversaione

Chalres dickens says Mary is hideous.

People did'nt like that Christ was dirty

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In an opera box. One of the few places were she could go that was respectable for woman.

Where to go to see and to be seen. Woman looking at someone else and a man is looking her.

She’s sandwiched in between both ours and the man’s but she can now assert where she gets to look not just conform

Japan: diagonal swoop and perspective with guy in back.

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Mostly painted women

Artist was upper class middle person

Painting of her sister

See more interior spaces with women bc they were constrained more than a man.

Some people think that she’s a little trapped in a domestic sphere.

Artist chose to leave her art to be married.

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Auguste Rodin. The Burghers of Calais. 1884-89

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Auguste Rodin. The Burghers of Calais. 1884-89

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England said that if they let their
Shows people struggling bc they know they're going to die. Shows individual anguish of them. Comissionaers had wanted a heroic scene.

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Henry Ossawa Tanner. Angels Appearing before the Shepherds. ca. 1910 

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Henry Ossawa Tanner. Angels Appearing before the Shepherds. ca. 1910 

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African amercian who went to france bc less racist

birth of Christ.

SEeing scene from angels POV

Etheral

Unnatural cropping

So original and gets viewer to feel something

Loose strokes

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Looked at byzantine art and Japan and medieval pattern (pattern against pattern which is also japan)

They're in their own world of their relationship

Man anglular and thick

Woman: curving

Some people say "love is dangerous

Some says the vines can grow forever and never lose this moment

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Sky in Paris was actually witnessed by Munch of being red by volcanic eruption

1st painting to acknowledge anxiety

Japan prints

Mental view of anxiety in modern society.

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Henri Rousseau, The Sleeping Gypsy, 1897

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Henri Rousseau, The Sleeping Gypsy, 1897

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Untaught artists.

IN his day, people made fun of his art but the next gen liked it for its innocence

Went to zoo to recreate

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Paul Gauguin. The Vision after the Sermon, 1888

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Paul Gauguin. The Vision after the Sermon, 1888

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Very spiritual man.

Peasants

Left paris to other parts of France

Heard story of Jacob wrestling the angel.

The peasants are out of churhc and they visualize the biblical scene.

Tree trunk seperates peasants from the spirutal scene. (Peasants are closer to God)

Cow is a counter part to balance Jacob and angel.

He's using color symbolically to show emotion. (using it NOT for showing the natural world.

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The glowing stars in the sky are balanced with lights in city.

Rolling sky is balanced of rolling hills

Trees were symbols of eternal life. Lots of spiritual harmony in this painting

Expressed the harmony and spirituality that he wished for in his life.

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Looks really late at night. People are almost asleep.

Complementary colors with red and green.

He wanted to express the terrible clashing of emotions

Unnatural light

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Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. La Goulue. 1891 

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Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. La Goulue. 1891 

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Gas light

Dancers in it

There’s a beat to it. With the heads in the background bouncing up and feet tapping, and repetition of Moulin Rogue.

She’s not smiling. She looks a little tired and its not super greaeful. Realism!

Cropping with distinct outlines. Flat color with no modeling.

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Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, At the Moulin Rouge, 1892

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Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, At the Moulin Rouge, 1892

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Liked to show night cafes where not the most respectable people went unlike Seurat.

Self portrait in there.

There are famous people in the Moulin Rouge

Japan: diagonal line and unnatural cropping

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Georges Seurat. A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte.1884–86

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Georges Seurat. A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte.1884–86

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Similar to Impressionism: Mixed classes, not blended brushstrokes, social scene of leisure in modern day Paris, like to show reflection in water, and not black shadowing

DIFFERENT from Impressionism: People are frozen (NOT a fleeting moment), No 3/4 view which gives it this classical feeling. Wanted to make it look like figures on the partheonon frieze. THe forms are super distinct.

Intersted in color theory. Pointillism or NEOIMPRESSIONISM Optical blending that lets your eye put the colors together in a vibrant color.

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Paul Cézanne. Mont Sainte-Victoire Seen from Bibemus Quarry. ca. 1900 

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Paul Cézanne. Mont Sainte-Victoire Seen from Bibemus Quarry. ca. 1900 

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Cézanne. Mont Sainte-Victoire Seen from Bibemus Quarry. ca. 1900

One flat surface of paint. It’s become abstract. There’s no depth

He wants you to see paint on canvas.

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Paul Cézanne. Mont Sainte-Victoire. ca. 1885–87 

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Paul Cézanne. Mont Sainte-Victoire. ca. 1885–87 

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Japanese (has a tree in front cutting through)

The sky almost looks like it has structure (push and pull between flatness and dimensions)

The mountain is outlined. Earse atmospheric perspective

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Paul Cézanne. Still Life with Apples in a Bowl. 1879–83

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Paul Cézanne. Still Life with Apples in a Bowl. 1879–83

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Loose strokes

Shapes aren’t quite there yet

Perspectives are off. He’s breaking the rules

Lots of ambiguity. Whats flat and what has space? (Look at the foliage in back. Is it wallpaper or foliage?)

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Impressionism:

Blurred edges. Loose brushstrokes

Outdoor scene

Focuses on light (dabbled light)

Leisure scenes

Capture fleeting moment in time. Candid

Diagonal line (Japan)

Cropping unbalanced. (Japan)

Not using black for shadows