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Odysseus's ordinary world "is on the peaked sea-mark of Ithaca" (Homer line 21). Here he is considered the king of Ithaca, has a wife names Penelope, and a son named Telemachus.

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Odysseus's call is Athena convincing him to use his intelligence to defeat the Trojans.The sirens referenced this in their song "...from our song of Troy" (Homer line 733).

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Odysseus had 3 mentors, including Athena, Hermes, and Teiresias.
Athena:
Athena helped Odysseus in many was throughout the story, including her but Athena "[granting] what [he] prayed for" (Homer line 264). This refers to Athena providing the sheep in the "Cyclops".
Hermes:
Hermes's main help was protecting Odysseus with "a magic herb" (Homer) to help him escape Circe.
Teiresias:
Teiresias is "the blind prophet" (Homer). He told Odysseus his destiny and how to return home.

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Odysseus's crossing the threshold occurred when he "[journeyed] to the land of the dead, Hades" after Circe told him to (Homer). We learn about the greek value of death and how Odysseus "[abandoned] me unwept, unburied,
to tempt the gods’ wrath" (Homer lines 602-603). Me refers to Elpenor, one of his men.

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Odysseus's first test was the battle of the Cicones. The wind had brought them to Ilim on their way home from troy. Here he "stormed that place and killed the men who fought" (Homer line 43). In this test he violated the greek value of hospitality when he and his men "enslaved the women, to make division, equal shares to all" (Homer lines 44-45).

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In the "Lotus-Eaters"  Odysseus's men find themselves on the coastline of the Lotus-Eaters. Here some of the men get fed the lotus flower and "those who ate this honeyed plant, the Lotus,
never cared to report, nor to return" (Homer lines 97-98). In this episode Odysseus shows the greek value of bravery when he "drove them, all three wailing, to the ships" to escape (Homer line 101).

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There were many things that happened in the "Cyclops". First Polyphemus broke the greek value of hospitality when "he caught
another brace of men to make his breakfast" (Homer lines 56-57). Going along with this Odysseus showed much of excessive pride when leaving the island and yelled "Odysseus, raider of cities, took your eye: Laertes’ son, whose home’s on Ithaca" (Homer lines 459-460). There were two places where we saw the gods portrayed in this test, first being Athena who "granted what [he] prayed for" in the sheep they escaped on (Homer line 264). Second was when Polyphemus prayed to Poseidon that "Odysseus, raider of cities, never see his home (Homer lines 486-487).

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In this test we meet the god Aeolus: the keeper of the winds. He gives Odysseus a gift of "a sack containing all the winds except the favorable west wind" (Homer).

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The Lastrygonians are "a race of cannibals" (Homer). They also show terrible hospitality because they "destroy all of Odysseus’ ships except the one he is sailing in" (Homer).

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After the events of the Lastrygonians Odysseus finds himself on the island ruled by Circe. Here she "transforms half of the men into swine" (Homer). To get his men back he uses "a magic herb" given to him by Hermes (Homer).

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Before going to face the sirens Odysseus goes back to Circe and she "reveals his course to him and gives advice on how to avoid the dangers he will face" (Homer). With his new found information he has his shipmates tie him up and plug their ears so he is the only one to hear the sirens.

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Along with the information about the sirens Circe also told Odysseus about "the perils of the sea monster Scylla and, nearby, the whirlpool Charybdis" (Homer). The greek value shown by Odysseus in this test is bravery. He had to sacrifice "six of my best men" to get past Scylla (Homer 810).

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After 7 years of being captive "Odysseus departs from the goddess Calypso’s island" (Homer). From here he goes to the Phaecians.

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Odysseus had 3 main allies. The first ally are the Phaecians, their king "offers a ship to Odysseus and asks him to tell of his adventures" (Homer). Second is Telemachus who "ran to the room where spears and armor lay" (Homer line 1515). Lastly there is Eumeaus who also "aided...killing the suitors" (Homer).

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Odysseus's one main enemy in the story are the suitors. The main suitor Antinous even threw a stool and "the stool he let fly hit [Odysseus] right shoulder" (Homer line 1228).

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The ordeal was "The Cattle of the Sun Gods". Odysseus tells his men that they cannot eat Helios's cows or they will be punished. The other god shown in this part of the story is Zeus who "shrouded land and sea in a night of storm" (Homer line 832). Odysseus's men did not uphold the greek value of hospitality because they cooked and ate the cows. Odysseus smelled the "savory odors of burnt fat eddied around [him]" (Homer lines 896-897).

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The supreme ordeal is in 'Odysseus's Revenge". The final battle is his battle against the suitors where, "Aided by Athena, Odysseus, Telemachus, Eumaeus, and other faithful herdsmen kill all the suitors" (Homer). Zeus also helps when he "thundered
overhead, one loud crack for a sign" (Homer lines 1380-1381). The suitors violated the greek value of hospitality when they "[seeked] the hand of his wife" (Homer).

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The way Odysseus gets back home is with the help a "Phaeacian noblemen conduct him home by ship" (Homer). When home he eventually showed him self to the suitors when he shot Antinous "under the chin" with his arrow (Homer line 1419).

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Odysseus's reward from these trials is the reuniting with his family and finally being free of the sea. Odysseus even longed for his family "as the sun warmed earth is longed for by a swimmer" (Homer lines 1616-1617).

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Odysseus is considered the epic hero because of his use of intelligence, leadership, and bravery/courage. He was very intelligent many times in the story, one being when he had his men take beeswax and "[lay] it
thick on their ears" (Homer lines 712-713). Odysseus was a fantastic leader in his battles and when he "drove them, all three wailing, to the ships" (Homer line 101). He was the one to save his men and lead them well. The last heroic trait shown by Odysseus of bravery is also showed many times but one of the most admirable is when Telemachus tells him "you must think hard if you would conjure up the fighting strength to take us through" (Homer lines 1106-1107). Telemachus is scared of the numbers of the suitors but Odysseus assures him that the gods will help them. He is very brave through this part of the story to fight them.