# data[].attributes.headline
HOW TO ANSWER EXAM (WRITTEN) QUESTIONS ?

# data[].attributes.subject
HOW TO ANSWER EXAM (WRITTEN) QUESTIONS ?

# data[].attributes.body
Grammar rules
Methodology
Reviewing

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Pour réussir l'épreuve d'anglais au Bac S, vous devez connaître l'essentiel du chapitre sur la compréhension écrite. Vous n'êtes pas sûr d'avoir tout compris ? Faites le point grâce à notre fiche de révision consultable et téléchargeable gratuitement.

Pour réussir cette épreuve, il faut lire régulièrement des textes dans la langue étrangère étudiée et s'entraîner à répondre à des questions de compréhension écrite.

Avant de commencer l'épreuve, munissez-vous de surligneurs de couleur différente afin de surligner les éléments à repérer dans les questions et dans le texte ; cela vous aidera pour rédiger vos réponses.

1) BIEN LIRE LES QUESTIONS AVANT DE LIRE LE TEXTE

Lire chaque question posée en repérant :
l'auxiliaire ou le verbe et le temps auquel ceux-ci renvoie : présent, futur ou passé,
les indicateurs de temps, s'il y en a, qui confirment le temps auquel renvoie le verbe,
le sujet,
le mot interrogatif qui va vous permettre de trouver l'élément de réponse dans le texte.

2) LIRE LE TEXTE

une première fois et, il s'agit d'une lecture de repérage :
Pensez aux questions :
Qui ?
Quand ?
Où ?
Quoi ?
Surlignez les éléments dans le texte qui permettent de répondre à ces quatre questions.
Même si vous ne comprenez pas tout ce qui est écrit dans le texte, cette première lecture vous permet d'avoir une compréhension globale du document.

3) LIRE UNE DEUXIÈME FOIS

le texte afin d'affiner la compréhension :
Repérez et surlignez :
Les mots de liaison qui vous indiquent la structure du texte et l'enchaînement des événements ou des idées.
Les adjectifs qui décrivent les sentiments des personnages, etc.
Les verbes d'action qui vous aideront à déterminer les événements.
Les verbes d'opinion qui vous aideront à déterminer les points de vue des personnages et/ou de l'auteur.
Pour comprendre les mots que vous ne connaissez pas, essayez de retrouver la racine du mot et servez-vous du contexte global du texte.

4) RÉPONDRE AUX QUESTIONS EN RÉDIGEANT AVEC SES PROPRES MOTS

Les autres fiches de révisions

Décrochez votre Bac 2021 avec Studyrama !

Rechercher une formation

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Répondre à des questions de compréhension écrite

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Pour réussir l'épreuve d'anglais au Bac S, vous devez connaître l'essentiel du chapitre sur la compréhension écrite. Vous n'êtes pas sûr d'avoir tout compris ? Faites le point grâce à notre fiche de révision consultable et téléchargeable gratuitement.

# data[].attributes.body
https://padlet.com/wirtzmelanie76/x4dvabrgxudh

# data[].attributes.body
From amnesty.org

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Ahead of a court ruling expected on Friday in the case of 18 Turkish students and one academic who are being prosecuted for taking part in a Pride parade in May 2019, Nils Muižnieks, Amnesty International's Europe Director said:

"Activists around the world have joined Amnesty International in calling for the acquittal of 18 students and an academic at the Middle East Technical University (METU) in Ankara. They are facing up to three years in prison simply for organising and participating in an entirely peaceful Pride march on campus in May 2019 that the University management had unlawfully banned.

"Shockingly, this celebration of love and solidarity by these young people was met with police using pepper spray, plastic bullets and tear gas. Not only were their fundamental rights violated that day, but they have been dragged through the courts for more than two years with the threat of jail dangling over their heads.

"The ban on the Pride march lacked legal grounds and these students who defied it had their rights to freedom of expression and peaceful assembly violated. On Friday, there can only be one just outcome: their wholesale acquittal."

BACKGROUND

The 19 individuals are charged with "participating in an unlawful assembly" and "failing to disperse despite being warned". This is despite the fact that in February 2019, the Ankara Administrative Appeals Court had lifted the blanket ban prohibiting all LGBTI+ activities in Ankara which had been introduced under the state of emergency. Nevertheless University management relied on this historic ban as the legal basis to stop the annual campus-based Pride march from going ahead.

In June 2020, another administrative court in Ankara overturned the university's unlawful ban, confirming that it had no legal basis.

The case of the METU students was part of Amnesty International's flagship Write for Rights campaign in 2020. More than 445,000 people have demanded their acquittal.

See here for more information about the case

For more information contact Stefan Simanowitz on [email protected]

On 8 October, the hearing will be monitored by @aforgutu. The newly established LGBTI+ rights organisation @unikuir will also share updates

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Turkey: Activists in more than 40 countries demand acquittal of students facing three years in jail for celebrating Pride

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Ahead of a court ruling expected on Friday in the case of 18 Turkish students and one academic who are being prosecuted for taking part in a Pride parade in May 2019, Nils Muižnieks, Amnesty International's Europe Director said: "Activists around the world have joined Amnesty International in calling for the acquittal of 18 students and an academic at the Middle East Technical University (METU) in Ankara.

# data[].attributes.headline
SOLAR WINDS HACKER ARE AFTER THE GLOBAL IT SUPPLY CHAIN AGAIN

# data[].attributes.subject
SOLAR WINDS HACKER ARE AFTER THE GLOBAL IT SUPPLY CHAIN AGAIN

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
SolarWinds Hackers Are After the Global IT Supply Chain Again

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Girls'education in Afghanistan October 2021

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Vuyo Ndata had nearly given up hope of going to university - but largely thanks to protests by South African students over high tuition fees - he is now a second-year undergraduate in Johannesburg at the age of 30.

His fees are being paid for by the government, which was prompted to deliver on a long-promised commitment to free education by the nationwide demonstrations, which rocked the country in 2015 and 2016.

Known by the hashtag #FeesMustFall, they were the largest student protests since the end of apartheid in 1994.

During white-minority rule in South Africa, many black students were denied access to prestigious institutions - and high tuition fees have been blamed for continued inequality over the last 25 years.

"I can't put into words how honoured I am to be here. I never thought it would happen to someone like me," says Mr Ndata, who is from Queenstown, a small town in the Eastern Cape province.

He is one of the first beneficiaries of the new scheme, introduced last year, for those from families with a combined income of less than 350,000 rand (£18,760; $24,270) a year.

"My brother is the sole breadwinner at home and was relieved when I got the grant because he is a teacher and doesn't earn much," says the Wits University student, who finished school in 2006 and only had ad-hoc jobs until he enrolled for a degree to become a teacher.

Apartheid and education:

One of the main apartheid laws was the Bantu Education Act of 1953

It prevented black children from reaching their full potential

A black education department compiled a curriculum that suited the "nature and requirements of the black people"

The aim was to prevent Africans receiving an education that would lead them to aspire to positions they would not be allowed to hold in society.

Kgomotso Malatjie, a first-year Wits student from the rural province of Limpopo who is the first in her family to go to university, shares her relief.

"My mother had been stressing about me going to varsity. It was a difficult time for my family, they would have had to go hungry just for me to go to school and knowing that broke my heart. That's why I was praying I would get the funding," the 18 year-old aspiring nurse told me.

"My mother recently lost her policing job and things are difficult. Now she just has to worry about taking care of my little sister's education."

'Missing middle'

Over the last two years, education officials say the scheme has led to an increase in students from poor backgrounds accessing higher education.

"The poorest of the poor make up 22% of the students at our institution," Wits University's Vice-Chancellor Adam Habib told the BBC.

There has also been a big improvement in the numbers of students coming back for their second year at Wits.

"What we've seen is that returning students have increased. These are students who were initially left out because after first year they did not have money to continue with their education," say Mr Habib.

More on South Africa's elections:

But it is the fate of the "missing middle" that is of real concern to the vice-chancellor, who oversees 23,500 undergraduates and 13,500 postgraduates at Wits.

These are the students who are "too rich to qualify for the scholarship but in reality too poor to afford their education" - and make up 65% of students at the university.

Institutions are encouraged to help these students secure alternative funding, either through a bursary or donor funding, but even some of those who secure help find they are forced to drop out, especially after living expenses are added.

Students are often required to pay off outstanding debts before they can graduate and can find it difficult to get a job to repay their loans given the unemployment rate of 27%.

'Sleeping in libraries'

In another part of Wits' sprawling campus, a group of students who took part in the #FeesMustFall protests agree more still needs to be done.

"We still have students who sleep in libraries because they cannot afford accommodation," says Lesego Letswalo.

"Many of us are not from Johannesburg but have to be here because this is where the good institutions are concentrated," she says.

#FeesMustFall timeline:

Demonstrations began in October 2015 at Wits Univesrity when a roughly 10% hike in tuition fees was proposed for 2016

It led to the closure of some of the country's top universities - and then-President Jacob Zuma ordered a freeze on tuition fees for a year

But protests erupted again in September 2016 when the government proposed to raise tuition fees by up to 8% for 2017

The students began demanding free education for all students - a key promise at the end of apartheid

A report by a tuition fee commission set up by the government was released in November 2017, concluding that South Africa could not afford free education

In December 2017, Mr Zuma announced the fee-free tertiary education plan for students from poor households.

Nkateko Muloiwa believes the focus should be less about providing free education and more about ensuring that there are more universities available across the country so families are not forced to send their children to the big cities at great expense.

"We just want free education but we have never spoken of the millions of young people that want to access education. We don't have enough institutions to cater for everyone," the student says.

University enrolment has more than tripled since the African National Congress (ANC) won South Africa's first democratic elections in 1994, increasing from 495,356 to about 1.1 million.

But the World Bank recently raised concerns about South Africa's free-education plan, warning that it was not sustainable if the economy only continued to grow at less than 2%.

In a statement earlier this year, it estimated that the costs of funding post-school education would more than double by 2022 to around $11.9bn a year.

We truly owe everything to the students who stood up. People like us wouldn't be here if it wasn't for them"

Vuyo Ndata
Wits undergraduate

It is not surprising then that the subject of free education has become a hot issue ahead of general elections on 8 May.

The parties' manifestos differ on their approach:

The governing ANC, which introduced the fee tuition fees for students from poor and working class families, says their plan is that by 2024 all undergraduate students will be fully funded by the government

The main opposition Democratic Alliance (DA) does not believe that free education is sustainable. It wants to gradually improve funding to ensure that university fee hikes are kept low

The Economic Freedom Fighter (EFF), a radical opposition party, believes that all government education should not only be free but also compulsory until the level of an undergraduate qualification.

Mr Habib believes free education is necessary.

"Our universities have to address inequality; you can't address inequality if you don't deal with the access problem and the quality problem," the Wits vice-chancellor says.

"Poor communities have to be able to access the top universities. If they get quality education they get jobs and that leads to social mobility."

Mr Ndata believes he would still be at home, facing poor prospects for his future, were it not for the student protests over fees.

"We truly owe everything to the students who stood up. People like us wouldn't be here if it wasn't for them," he says.

"I'd like to encourage those stuck at home now [feeling] hopeless to get up. You need be determined; don't give up on your dreams."

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
'We are students thanks to South Africa's #FeesMustFall protests'

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Vuyo Ndata had nearly given up hope of going to university - but largely thanks to protests by South African students over high tuition fees - he is now a second-year undergraduate in Johannesburg at the age of 30.