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a category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.

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The standard photographic film format for analog single lens reflex (SLR) still cameras and motion picture cameras.

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A twin-lens reflex camera is a type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length. One of the lenses is the photographic objective or "taking lens", while the other is used for the viewfinder system, which is usually viewed from above at waist level.

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Large format refers to any imaging format of 4×5 inches or larger.

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The gelatin silver process is the photographic process used with currently available black-and-white films and printing papers. A suspension of silver salts in gelatin is coated onto a support such as glass, flexible plastic or film, baryta paper, or resin-coated paper.

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Photo curators collect, exhibit, research and maintain the photo collection at a museum. They are also responsible for the storage and presentation of photographical collections.

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a public display of works of art or items of interest, held in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair.

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In visual arts and particularly cinematography, framing is the presentation of visual elements in an image, especially the placement of the subject in relation to other objects

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a large room for the exhibition of pictures also : a collection of pictures.

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the exclusive legal right, given to an originator or an assignee to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material, and to authorize others to do the same.

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A line is the path of a point moving through space. It is one dimensional and can vary in width, direction, and length.

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Shapes are flat enclosed areas that are two-dimensional.

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Color is the hue that is produced when light reflects of an object.

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Forms are three dimensional shapes. They have volume and take up space.

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Texture is the way a surface feels or how it looks like it would feel.

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Value is the lightness or darkness of a color.

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Space is used to create the illusion of depth.

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Balance in photography is observed when an image has subject areas that look balanced throughout the composition.

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Variety in art means using different sizes, shapes and colors in your artwork to create visual diversity.

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A pattern is a design in which lines, shapes, forms or colors are repeated.

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Proportion refers to the dimensions of a composition and relationships between height, width and depth.

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Visual movement is the principle of art used to create the impression of action in a work of art

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The arrangement of different pieces producing the harmonious, balanced, and complete whole

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Emphasis is a principle of art which refers to the use of visual elements to draw attention to a certain area, usually a focal point, in an artwork.

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symmetry around a central axis, as in a starfish or a tulip flower.

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made up of exactly similar parts facing each other or around an axis; showing symmetry.

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having parts which fail to correspond to one another in shape, size, or arrangement; lacking symmetry.

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the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.

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containing or using only one color.

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existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence.

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The phrase cool color is used to describe any color that is calm or soothing in nature. Cool colors are not overpowering and tend to recede in space

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Warm colors such as red, yellow, and orange; evoke warmth because they remind us of things like the sun or fire.

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Colors opposite one another on the color wheel

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Neutral means without color Neutrals such as beige, ivory, taupe, black, gray and shades of white appear to be without color, but in many applications these hues often have undertones.

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The Rule of Thirds is the process of dividing an image into thirds, using two horizontal and two vertical lines. When you position the most important elements of your image at these intersection points, you produce a much more natural image.

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It helps to lead the viewer through the entire photo. The composition will be more pleasing and balanced for the human eye. This proportion creates a sense of harmony and balance.

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Leading lines are lines that appear in a photograph that have been framed and positioned by the photographer to draw the viewer's eye towards a specific point of interest.

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Positive Space is any part of the photo that jumps out from its surroundings.

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Negative Space is the area surrounding the main subject in a photograph which is left unoccupied.

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a controlled technique of lighting, used in photography or the theater, in which a light is placed behind or at right angles to an object, person, or scene to produce such effects as depth or separation of subject and background.

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Diffused light is non-directional light, where the intensity of light is even.  This light is fantastic for portrait photography, as it creates little or no shadow on a persons face.

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Ambient Light traditionally refers to any form of light that the photographer did not add to their image, and can include both "natural" ambient sunlight, or "artificial" ambient light such as a nearby street light, lamp, or similar.

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Chiaroscuro is the use of contrast in light and shading across an entire image composition. It is a technique that creates a three-dimensional quality in images on a two-dimensional plane.

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A silhouette is defined as a view of an object or a scene consisting of the outline and a featureless interior, with the silhouetted object usually being black

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an impersonal image not influenced by feelings, interpretations or prejudice.

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it is based on your perception rather than judgments from other peoples perspective

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a helpful way of giving feedback that provides specific, actionable suggestions

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the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.

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a symbol, word, or words legally registered or established by use as representing a company or product.

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Photography ethics are subjective, contextual, and fluid, meaning that every person's ethics will be different, because ethics are based on a person's life experience and values.

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two images combined into a single frame or presented together—originated in art as a drawing or painting in two parts. The format of the pictures was typically landscape or portrait, usually the same size.

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a photograph that uses three different or identical images side by side to form one single image.

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In digital imaging, a pixel, pel, or picture element is a physical point in a raster image, or the smallest addressable element in an all points addressable display device; so it is the smallest controllable element of a picture represented on the screen.

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the period of daytime shortly after sunrise or before sunset, during which daylight is redder and softer than when the Sun is higher in the sky.

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period of time just before sunrise when the sky turns from a deep twilight to dark blue and then to light blue just before the Sun peeks above the horizon.

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standardized means of organizing and storing digital images

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Joint Photographic Experts Group, the name of the committee that created the JPEG standard and also other still picture coding standards.

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an unprocessed photograph captured with a digital camera. Instead of applying lossy JPEG compression, which reduces the image quality, RAW mode saves files in a losslessly compressed format

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Tagged Image File Format. a computer file format for storing raster graphics images, popular among graphic artists, the publishing industry, and photographers.

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layered image file used in Adobe PhotoShop (PSD), which stands for Photoshop Document, is the default format that Photoshop uses for saving data. PSD is a proprietary file that allows the user to work with the images individual layers even after the file has been saved.

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a reddish-brown color associated particularly with monochrome photographs of the 19th and early 20th centuries.

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A medium tone, one that is neither very dark nor very light.

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The brightest area in a photo.

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A shadow is the contour created when an object or person blocks rays of light from reaching a surface. The shape of a shadow changes based on its relationship with its light source. The distance, angle, and size of the source work together to determine the intensity, form, and scale of the shadow.

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The process of editing the data captured by camera while taking the photo to enhance the image.

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involves using a long-duration shutter speed to sharply capture the stationary elements of images while blurring, smearing, or obscuring the moving elements.

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the photographing on motion-picture film of a slow and continuous process, as the growth of a plant, at regular intervals, especially by exposing a single frame at a time, for projection at a higher speed.

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a photographic technique where light is “painted” or “drawn” into the photograph using a hand held light source during a long exposure.

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means swiveling a still or video camera horizontally from a fixed position. This motion is similar to the motion of a person when they turn their head on their neck from left to right. ... In other words, the camera moves perpendicular to the direction it is pointed.

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used to describe a digital camera refers to the size of the digital image the camera produces, and is usually expressed in terms of "megapixels" or how many million pixels it can record in a single image.

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DSLR is a term that's become synonymous with digital cameras, but a digital single-lens reflex camera (notable for allowing interchangeable lenses on the same camera body) is just one type of digital camera.

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Photo metadata is a set of data describing and providing information about rights and administration of an image. It allows information to be transported with an image file, in a way that can be understood by other software and human users.

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Thumbnails are reduced-size versions of pictures or videos, used to help in recognizing and organizing them, serving the same role for images as a normal text index does for words.

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Straight Out Of the Camera. The image is untouched, just what the photography saw and the camera recorded

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Vibration Reduction is an image stabilization technology that minimizes blur caused by camera shake.

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Automatic Exposure is when the camera chooses the optimum shutter speed, aperture, ISO and flash setting for your shot. All you need to do is point and shoot.

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Program Mode refers to the fact that you can fiddle with the shutter speed and aperture combo. Whether you choose Auto or Program, the camera chooses an aperture and shutter speed combination that will give you a good exposure.

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a camera mode in which you manually set your aperture, while the camera automatically selects a shutter speed.

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Shutter priority (usually denoted as S on the mode dial), also called time value (abbreviated as Tv), refers to a setting on some cameras that allows the user to choose a specific shutter speed while the camera adjusts the aperture to ensure correct exposure.

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Manual Mode requires the photographer to make all the decisions that determine an image's exposure, as opposed to an automatic or semi-automatic mode that makes at least some of the calls for the photography. Manual exposure gives the maximum amount of control to the photographer.

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The ASA (American Standards Association) scale is an arbitrary rating of film speed; that is, the sensitivity of the film to light. If everything else is kept constant, the required exposure time is inversely proportional to the ASA rating.

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In photography, ISO relates to a sensor's (or film's) sensitivity to light. A lower ISO setting makes the sensor less sensitive to light, meaning it either needs more illumination or a longer shutter speed to properly expose an image.

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Film grain refers to the granular or sand-like appearance of a negative, print or slide. Generally speaking, the higher the ISO speed, the more grain that will form across an image. In digital cameras, higher ISO speeds increases the sensor's sensitivity to light.

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In digital photographs, “noise” is the commonly-used term to describe visual distortion. It looks similar to grain found in film photographs, but can also look like splotches of discoloration when it's really bad, and can ruin a photograph. Noise tends to get worse when you're shooting in low light.

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An image sensor or image is a sensor that detects and conveys information used to make an image. It does so by converting the variable attenuation of light waves (as they pass through or reflect off objects) into signals, small bursts of current that convey the information.

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Aperture refers to the opening of a lens's diaphragm through which light passes. It is calibrated in f/stops and is generally written as numbers such as 1.4, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11 and 16.

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a camera setting corresponding to a particular f-number.

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the visual quality of the out-of-focus areas of a photographic image, especially as rendered by a particular lens.

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the distance between the nearest and the farthest objects that are in acceptably sharp focus in an image. The depth of field can be calculated based on focal length, distance to subject, the acceptable circle of confusion size, and aperture.

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The focal length of the lens is the distance between the lens and the image sensor when the subject is in focus, usually stated in millimetres (e.g., 28 mm, 50 mm, or 100 mm). The longer the focal length (e.g. 55 mm), the smaller the angle and the larger the subject appears to be.

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Shutter speed is a measurement of the time the shutter is open, shown in seconds or fractions of a second: 1 s, 1/2 s, 1/4 s … 1/250 s, 1/ 500 s, etc. ... In other words, the faster the shutter speed the easier it is to photograph the subject without blur and “freeze” motion and the smaller the effects of camera shake.

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Bulb Mode is an exposure setting that is used when seeking to use a shutter speed of more than 30 seconds. Generally, this would be used in extremely low light situations, such as taking photos of the night sky.

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In photography, motion blur is the purposeful streaking or blurring of an object in motion in a photo for visual effect. It's a great technique for capturing movement in a still image, and is often used in both nature photography and sports photography

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Camera shake is a term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images. This generally occurs more often if you're shooting on a low shutter speed or with a heavy lens, and can be avoided by using a tripod and cable release setup.

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A monopod, also called a unipod, is a single staff or pole used to help support cameras, binoculars, rifles or other precision instruments in the field. A tripod is used to stabilize and elevate a camera, a flash unit, or other photographic equipment. All photographic tripods have three legs and a mounting head to couple with a camera.

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A full-frame DSLR is a digital single-lens reflex camera (DSLR) with a 35 mm image sensor format (36 mm × 24 mm)

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Advanced Photo System type-c (APS-C) is an image sensor format approximately equivalent in size to the Advanced Photo System film negative in its C ("Classic") format, of 25.1×16.7 mm, an aspect ratio of 3:2.

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In digital photography, the crop factor, format factor, or focal length multiplier of an image sensor format is the ratio of the dimensions of a camera's imaging area compared to a reference format; most often, this term is applied to digital cameras, relative to 35 mm film format as a reference.

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A prime lens is a fixed focal length lens that does not allow you to zoom in or out. In short, the determined focal length of the lens is the distance between the point of convergence in your lens to the sensor or film in your camera.

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a lens with a longer focal length than standard, giving a narrow field of view and a magnified image.