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Sexual Health in Relation to Public Health 

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Sexual Health in Relation to Public Health 

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Sexual health and public health are so closely intertwined as both revolve heavily around the health of the general public. Sexual health is a subsection of public health; it promotes being free of diseases (STDs), healthy relationships, (which also improve mental health), and general safety. Sexual health has an impact on public health, because it spreads awareness about STD transmission, unwanted pregnancies, and allows people to explore their sexualities. Which in turn, enables people to live the healthiest life possible, mentally and physically.

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1. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2019. NICE Impact Sexual Health. London.

2. Who.int. 2020. Sexual Health. [online] Available at: <https://www.who.int/health-topics/sexual-health#tab=tab_2> [Accessed 29 November 2020].

3. Kirby, D., Laris, B. and Rolleri, L., 2007. Sex and HIV Education Programs: Their Impact on Sexual Behaviors of Young People Throughout the World. Journal of Adolescent Health, 40(3), pp.206-217.

4. Dar, A., 2013. Domestic Violence Statistics. Social and General Statistics.

5. Cleland, J., Conde-Agudelo, A., Peterson, H., Ross, J. and Tsui, A., 2012. Contraception and health. The Lancet, 380(9837), pp.149-156.

6. Long, R., 2020. Relationships And Sex Education In Schools (England). [online] House of Commons Library. Available at: <https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/sn06103/> [Accessed 29 November 2020].

7. Kirby, D., 2008. The Impact of Abstinence and Comprehensive Sex and STD/HIV Education Programs on Adolescent Sexual Behavior. Sexuality Research & Social Policy, 5(3), pp.18-27.

8. Solomen-Fears, C., 2015. Teenage Pregnancy Prevention: Statistics And Programs. Congressional Research Service.

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Why domestic violence victims don't leave | Leslie Morgan Steiner | TED

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Sexual Health in Relation to Domestic Violence

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Sexual Health in Relation to Domestic Violence

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Domestic violence is defined as an incident or incidents of threatening, degrading, controlling, or violent behaviour by a partner or relative. The majority (76%) of violent domestic abuse occurs to women (most commonly) from their intimate partner, due to the nature of most abusive relationships, abusers take risks at the expense of their victims (lack of condoms/contraceptives and general safety) which commonly leads to unwanted pregnancies, STI/STD transmission.
In a recent study (A. Coker, 2007) 17 of 24 studies found a strong correlation between physically violent partners and transmission of STI/STD. Domestic violence can be linked to infertility, endometriosis, and other gynecologic conditions.

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As people become more informed about contraceptives and safety in general, teenage pregnancy rates in the U.S. have dropped 86% since 1999. (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2019) In 2008, contraceptives prevented an estimate of 250,000 maternal deaths by reducing unplanned pregnancies, equal to 40% of the 355,000 women globally who died during the year because of birthing complications. If women in developing countries were allowed steady access to contraceptives, the number of deaths due to birthing complications would fall an additional 30%. (Cleland et al., 2012)

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In 2010, 614,000 teens, aged 15-19, became pregnant in the United States alone. Over half of these pregnancies did not result in birth. 15.4% of nonmarital births were to teens, who made up 7% of all U.S. births. Teen childbearing cost the U.S. $9.4 billion in 2010. (Solomen-Fears, 2015)

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STD rates are rising as more young people leave marriage for later on in life, with youth having a longer time to experience themselves and their lives, it offers a greater degree of proclivity towards sexual tendencies - commonly cited as the cause for rising STD rates due to the overall increase in partners. With the massive inflation of STDs, education programs to prevent them are also on the rise, but still require legroom to grow. These curriculums can be implemented in schools, clinics, and community settings, these programs are designed to influence large numbers of youth at once. (Kirby, 2008)

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As of 2020, UK schools must provide students with 'relationship and sexual education', however, parents are allowed to withdraw their children from these vital classes as the child approaches the age of 16; religious schools are exempt from such teachings. (Long, 2020.)

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Sexual health, as a topic, is evolving - becoming more widely accepted as a study and being accepted into more curriculums around the world. One reason for sexual health as an essential subject is because of how closely it relates to disease control and individual and societal wellness. Promoting sexual health is also promoting the prevention of STDs.
It is important to educate children on how to be loving, respectful partners. (Kirby, Laris and Rolleri, 2007)

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Birds and Bees: Rethinking Relationship and Sexuality Education | Meghna Mahambrey | TEDxColumbus

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According to WHO sexual health can be defined as "a state of physical, emotional, mental and social well-being concerning sexuality". Good sexual health requires more than a positive outlook on anything singular such as sex, rather, it requires a positive outlook on anything and everything related. (i.e Sexual Relationships, Pleasures and Desires)