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(1809-1865)
Abraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States, and the President during the duration of the American Civil War. He was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth in 1865.

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(1808-1889)
Jefferson Davis was elected as President of the Confederacy after the South seceded from the Union.

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(1822-1885)
Ulysses S. Grant was a Union Commander during the Civil War and eventual 18th President of the United States.

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(1807-1870)
Robert E. Lee was an aristocratic Virginian put in command by Jefferson Davis. He originally opposed the war but took the side of his home state.

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(1802-1887)
Dorothea Dix was an American advocate for the mentally ill in the nineteenth century, and created the first generation of American mental instiutions.

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(1821-1912)
Clara Barton was a hospital nurse during the Civil War, teacher, and patent clark. She is also the one who founded the Red Cross.

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(1833-1916)
Sally Tompkins was a humanitarian, nurse, and philantropist. She was also the first woman to be inducted into an army in all of American history.

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"The United States--A Black Business" Political Cartoon

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"The United States--A Black Business" Political Cartoon

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Nov. 8th, 1856
This political cartoon, written in a London Magazine, 1856, accurately predicted the spit of the North and South due to the issue of slavery. The cartoon depicts a slave in between a rough looking southern farmer (left), and a businessman from the North (right), as the slave is tearing a map of the United States apart from what appears to be the Mason-Dixon Line.

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Nov. 6th, 1860
The 1860 Election pitted Abraham Lincoln (Republican nominee) against Senator Stephen Douglas (Democratic nominee), along with John Breckenridge (Southern Democratic Party) and John Bell (Constitutional Union Party). The main issue that rose during this election was on the issue of states' rights and slavery, and ended with Lincoln winning the election and becoming the 16th President of the United States.

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Dec. 1860
This compromise was proposed by Senator Crittenden of KY, and it guaranteed permanent existence of slavery in the slave states by re-establishing the free-slave demarcation line that was drawn by the Missouri Compromise of 1820. This compromise was rejected by President Lincoln and the Republicans.

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1861
The Anaconda Plan was a military strategy proposed by Union General Winfield Scott, and the plan was to create a naval blockade, in the hopes of "strangling" the South by limiting their resources.

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April 12th, 1861
Confederate General P.G.T Beauregard attacked Fort Sumter on April 12th, 1861 after President Lincoln announced that he was going to send supplies to resupply the Union Fort. This attack on the Fort caused Lincoln to send 75,000 militia men into Federal service, and begin the war.

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July 21st. 1861
The Battle of Bull Run took place three months after Fort Sumter, and it marked the first land battle of the Civil War. The war began when 35,000 Union Soldiers marched from Washington D.C to strike a Confederate force along a small river named Bull Run. The South won the battle, and gave the South a surge of confidence, despite having a smaller number of troops. This battle made the North realize that this war will not be as easily won as they originally thought.

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March 9th, 1862
This was one of the most famous American Naval Battles in history, and it occured between the U.S.S Montimor and the C.S.S Merrimack at Hampton Roads, VA. The Battle ended in a draw.

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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March-July 1862
The Peninsula Campaign was a major Union offensive against Richmond, VA, which was the capitol of the Confederacy. This campaing was led by General George B. McClellan, and his plan was to advance toward Richmond through the Penisula formed by the York and James Rivers. This campaign ended due to General Lee's army holding off the army in what is known as the Seven Days' Battles.

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July 17th, 1862
The Confiscation Act was an act with the intention of freeing slaves still held by Confederate forces in the South. However, this act was only able to be enforced in southern states occupied by the Union officials. This act authorized the government to recruit "persons of African descent" for work, as well.

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Sept. 17th, 1862
This Battle was Between General Lee's Northern Virginian Army and the Union army led by General McClellan. This battle technically didn't have a winner, but the North claims victory, and this battle leads to Lincoln creating plans for emancipation.

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Draft of One of the Final Revisons of the Emancipation Proclimation Primary Source

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Draft of One of the Final Revisons of the Emancipation Proclimation Primary Source

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Issued January 1st, 1863
The Emancipation Proclamation, propsed by Abraham Lincon, declared that all slaves held by Confederate officers shall be free. There were many limits on this proclamation, since it could not override the Constitution, but gave a stronger purpose for the Union during the war, which was to abolish slavery.

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Formed ealy 1863, MA
This regiment was a voluntary Union regiment in MA, and was the second African-American regiment. It is said by historian James McPherson that the North would not have won the war as soon as they did, or possibly at all, without African-American help.

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July 1-3, 1863
This war began when Lee led the Confederates Pennsylvania to distract Union armies from invading Virginia. Lee eventually withdrew on July 4th, and this battle marked the end of large scale Confederate movements in the North.

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July 11th-16th, 1863
These occured when poor imigrants rioted against the drafting commutation system, which was a system that allowed rich men to buy their way out of the drafts.

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Nov. 19th, 1863
The Gettysburg Address was a short speech given by president Abraham Lincoln in dedication of the National Cemetery at Gerrysburg, PA, which was the site of one of the more gruesome battles of the Civil War.

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Nov. 8th, 1864
The Election of 1864 was the second Presidential election to take place during wartime, and the Union was afraid that President Lincoln would lose reelection. However, Lincoln ended up winning reelection with 212 electoral votes, 54% civillian vote, and 78% military vote. His vice president was Democrat Andrew Johnson.

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Ratified Dec. 6th, 1865
The 13th Amendment was the amendment that abolished slavery in the United States.

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April 15th, 1865
President Lincoln was shot by Southern Sympathizer and actor John Wilkes Booth April 15th, 1865 at Ford's Theatre Washington D.C. Lincoln died the next day.

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May 13th, 1865
This battle is considered the last major clash between the Union and Confederacy, and is also considered to be a post-Civil War encounter. It took place along the banks of the Rio Grande. This battle is considered to be a Confederate win, but little to no gain was earned during it.

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Ratified July 9th, 1868
The 14th Amendment defined citizenship for any free man that was born in the United States, and made sure that states could not take away any basic rights or privileges of the American people.

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Ratified Feb. 3rd, 1870
The 15th Amendment of the Constitution gave the right to vote to African-American men of the United States.

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The legacy of the Civil War was that the results of the war were the starts of African-American rights in America, resulting in the passing of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments. The war is also known as the "brothers' war", since it was a war fought between the states. Overall, the Civil War created the idea of national citizenship for the first time in the United States, amplified the meaning and importance of the Bill of Rights, and was the first attempt as democratic access for all adult, male Americans, despite being somewhat unsuccessful.