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Ms. Linde came to Nora's house to visit her, however, Nora didn't recognize her. After chatting, Nora realized that they were friends but didn't contact her for a long time. As women, they fastly went to the topic of marriage which is the most significant thing in life for them. Initially, Nora felt sorry that Linde was a widow since her husband died for time, but strangely Linde had no too much dependence and love on her husband. Linde mentioned that they were introduced by each other's families, but no love between each other, at least for Linde. Then, Nora started to introduce her marriage to Linde. She said that their life was happy and also ample now since her husband was a bank manager who can afford a lot of household expenses. After listening to Nora's statement, Linde felt a bit annoyed. She thought that women should be independent but not relied on their husbands to live and there was no pride in showing off how their husbands down well and commented on Nora as childish. Furthermore, Nora told a secret Linde that she raised a loan for her husband since her husband had to go south to have a long rest to recover from his body. Surely it was a huge expense for them, so Nora lied to her husband that she got money from her father, but actually from raising a loan. After knowing the truth, Torvald was mad at Nora cause he thought that women should just focus on something domestic, but not any finance. In 1990, this was normal. Linde also said that Nora was childish and imprudent. In my opinion, there were two reasons for this conflict. First, it was society's fault. In 1990, men control the majority of power in a family and women should not touch anything except domestic cases, but Nora wanted to do something to enable that Torvald was proud of her. Secondly, the different concepts between Nora and Linde, Linde suggested that woman should be independent, should do without a man. Nevertheless, Nora was still proud of Torvald and also relied on him. In some points, Nora and Linde stood on totally opponent sides.
According to the conversation between Nora and Linde in the passage, Nora told a secret to Linde that she raised a loan for Torvald to get the recover in the south, which she can prove that she was independent in finance. However, in the last century, women should not touch anything that connected to finace. Furthermore, Nora lied to Torvald that she got the money from her father. After knowing the truth, Torvald was mad at Nora since firstly she raised a loan for Torvald to recover, additionally she didn't tell him the truth. In addition, Torvald was a bank manager, so he definitely won't allowed his wife to raised a loan without telling him. According to these information, I summarize few points for the relationship between Nora and Torvald. First, Torvald controlled the whole economic system including income and outcome in the family, and he didn't want his wife or children to get any of that business. Second, Nora wanted to prove to Torvald that she was independent, not a house wife who only spent all the money from her husband, but she can also share some financial burden for this family.

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BBC article - The Isle of Five Separate Genders

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BBC article - The Isle of Five Separate Genders

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1 The Bugis are one of the most powerful races in the archipelago politically, economically and culturally.
2 Except for males and females, the fifth gender is beyond the scope of biology and is not attributable to males or females
3 Life habits of Bugis
4 Bissu was arrested in 1950 and tortured them and made them repent. Bissu gave up the local religion of Bugis and chose the officially recognized religion.
5 Bugis people of all genders are suffering from constant insults and discrimination, which makes their civilization not lasting

Difference between two literary theories.
For gender essentialists theorists, they believe that gender is only male and female, and gender is determined at birth and cannot be changed because of thought, religion, or other reasons
For gender social constructionism theorists, they suggest that gender in society is based on the current social environment rather than the biological sense of men and women

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The biggest difference between the two is that fantasy takes place in a world other than ourselves, while magic realism focuses on ordinary people living ordinary lives in ordinary worlds

Toni Morrison

Magic realism portrays fantasy events in the tones of other realism. It brings fables, folktales and myths into contemporary social significance. The fantasy qualities imparted to the character, such as levitation, telepathy, and telepathy, help to include modern political realities that may be hallucinations.

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What is it
The Petrarchan sonnet was so named after the poems that Petrarch wrote for his love, Laura.
Features
Petrarchan's sonnet idealizes the object of love to the point of worship, and her beauty uses metaphors and metaphors. Usually describes the characteristics of women
The diffenrent between anti-Petrarchan and Petrarchan sonnet
The anti-Petrarchan sonnet directly rebelled against the Petrarchan sonnet. The lady in the "Sonnet" has black hair, which is in stark contrast to the golden beauty of the Petrarchan sonnet. . The sonnet even uses a different rhyming scheme. But the Anti-Petrarchan sonnet has no formal rhyming plan.

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A Midnight Summer's Dream
In order to tease his wife, Elvin King O'Brien went to make flower juice. But what happened after hearing the dialogue between Enid Demetrius and Helena in a blunder, after sprinkling flower juice on the male protagonist La sander and Demetrius. Originally, Helena was in love with Demetrius but she fell in love with Helena under the influence of the flower juice. This also resolved the dilemma between the heroine Hernia and the hero La sander. Hernia's bravery, persistence and pursuit of love should be an embarrassing spirit under the background of that era. We can also see in the previous article that in that era, the father was a god for girls. The father could save him, and he could destroy him. If the woman said that he did not follow his father's words and insisted on staying with Handel, he might face death, or she might strictly observe the precepts for life and never marry. But he was his choice, but he eloped directly with the male lead Handel. In this view, Hernia is brave.

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Sonnet 18
The beginning of the poem compares "you" with summer. The summer in nature is in a green world, where everything grows luxuriantly, and it is the most prosperous moment of life in nature. That intoxicating green and bright flowers make summer colorful and beautiful. However, "you" is much cuter than summer, and gentler than summer. The strong winds in May will overwhelm the lovely scenery. The time limit of summer is too short. The sun shines scorchingly on the cloudy earth, and the shining beauty will inevitably fade in the flow of time. Compared with "you", this most beautiful season in nature is also much inferior.
And "you" can overcome these shortcomings in nature. "You" will not wither in the most splendid season, and even "you" will not lose anything beautiful. "You" is the eternity of the human world. "You" will let the dark shadow of the god of death stay in a distant place, letting the god of death boast and will not die. "what are you? "You" are with human beings, you are immortal in the long river of time. Is the essence of the human spirit-poetry, your body? Or, you are the spirit of poetry, or the soul of mankind.
The form of the poetry changed from the traditional Italian sonnet four, four, three, but adopted the four, four, four two: the level of expression is fully utilized in the front, and after sufficient paving, the whole is finished with two lines of poetry. Poem, point out the theme. The whole poem uses novel and ingenious metaphors, beautiful and appropriate decorations make the characters vivid and vivid. The poet's vivid expression made the rigorous logical reasoning vivid and interesting, with twists and turns, and finally reached the conclusion of humanism ingeniously.

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Sonnet 5
Sonnet 5 compares nature's four seasons with the stages of the young man's life. Although the seasons are cyclical, his life is linear, and hours become tyrants that oppress him because he cannot escape time's grasp. Time might "frame / The lovely gaze where every eye doth dwell," meaning that everyone notices the youth's beauty, but time's "never-resting" progress ensures that this beauty will eventually fade.

In an extended metaphor, the poet argues that because flowers provide perfume to console people during the winter, it is natural for the youth to have a child to console him during his old age. Without perfume from summer's flowers, people would not remember previous summers during the long, hard winters; childless, the young man will grow old alone and have nothing to remind him of his younger days.

Winter, an image of old age, is regarded with horror: "Sap checked with frost and lusty leaves quite gone, / Beauty o'er snowed and bareness everywhere." The "lusty leaves" imagery recalls the "lusty days" from Sonnet 2 and reemphasizes the barrenness of the youth's old age, in which he will look back longingly on his younger days but have nothing to remember them by. However, in the final couplet, the poet evokes a comforting tone, suggesting that immortality is attainable for the young man, just as it is for summer's flowers when they are transformed into perfume, if only the young man would father a child.

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Frailty, Thy Name is Woman

Origin of Frailty, Thy Name is Woman

Hamlet, the hero of Shakespeare’s masterpiece Hamlet, utters this famous phrase in Act 1, Scene II. In fact, he is recalling the beautiful memories of his mother and deceased father. He mourns the death of his father and changing nature of woman, referring to his mother, Gertrude, as she has married his uncle Claudius. He says, “Frailty, thy name is woman! / A little month, or ere those shoes were old / With which she follow’d my poor father’s body.” By “woman,” refers to Gertrude, who is morally weak because she has betrayed her husband by marrying his brother, Claudius, just one month after her husband’s death.

Meaning
Saddened by the death of his father and hasty marriage of his mother, Hamlet wants to die himself. To Hamlet’s mind, woman represents frailty, meaning women are breakable, weak, and delicate in nature. He alludes to inherent weaknesses in women’s character. His mother, Gertrude epitomizes frailty or weakness.

He also refers to his mother as a spiritually, morally, and physically weak woman. She is morally weak and frail because her incestuous inconstancy drives her to remarry immediately after her husband’s death. Spiritually, she is weak because she has committed a sin, and physically she is frail as women are less robust and weaker than men. In his eyes, there is no comparison between Claudius and his father, who is “Hyperion to a satyr.” Therefore, Hamlet feels Gertrude acted foolishly.

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Explication on Death, Be Not Proud I.
1. The poem first appeared title Holy Sonnet X" in a collection b sonnets by John Donne. Then tame to be known as "Death, Be Not Proud" (after the first four words of the poem). It was written between 1601 and-die exact year is uncertain-and published after Donne died. He was deeply affected by the death of his wife and meanwhile he was leading a much harder life than before. Maybe it is these difficulties that gave him a deeper understanding to life and death.
2. Praise
Though some people are terrified of death, there are still some people whom death cannot threaten. Death itself is not able to do many things. Neither it can die, nor can it take away people whose lives are not at an end such as the poet himself. Actually death is a kind of rest or sleep, and people can even have pleasure from death because death can release them from the difficulties or tiredness in their lives. Related to the previous part of the poem, death is only a servant of fate, chance, kings, and desperate men because it is unable to take away probables under its will. Death colludes in taking people lives with poison, war and sickness, but charms and poppies can also take away people lives and they even do a better job. Most importantly, death is only a temporary sleep and after that we may be on the way to eternity where death no longer exists. Actually, death is worthless and there is need to be scared of it.
II. Form:
1. It is an Italian sonnet. Although not every line shares a same metrical pattern, most of the lines are of iambic pentameter. One exception in meter is line No.9"Thou art slave to fate, chance, kings and deeps fate men', which is of hexameter. Another exception is line Death, bent proud, though some have called thee', which is of tetrameter.