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Katherine Ramos Gonzalez
Gilliann Arce Muñoz
Erika Arteaga
Sujeil Almeyda

In this group we all collaborated to gather information about how to use a goniometer and take the angle degree of each ROM of the upper extremities, starting from proximal to distal. Each one of our team got a section of the upper extremities. Starting from the shoulder to elbow, forearm, wrist and fingers. We used this method to educate ourselves and others on how to use a goniometer, and at the same time we study, practice, and get proficient using the goniometer. It was great and fun to work as a team; everyone was on the same page collaborating. It was a good experience of active learning.

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(0-180)

Goniometer:

Axis- Acromion process

Stationary Arm- mid axillary line

Moving arm- Lateral epicondyle

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(0-60)
Axis: center of humeral head
Stationary Arm- parallel to Mid-axillary line
Moving arm- Lateral Epicondyle

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(0-90)
Axis- Olecranon Process
Stationary Arm: Arm
Stationary arm- Along midline of ulna
Movable arm: Along middle of ulna

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Axis – olecranon process of ulna

Stationary arm – aligned vertically

Moving arm – aligned with ulna (styloid process)

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(0-180)
Axis- Center of humeral head
Stationary Arm- Along lateral midpoint of the humerus, parallel to the sternum
Moving Arm- Along lateral midpoint of the humerus
Procedure- Tell the client to abduct arm to side of the body as high as allowed with palm facing forward.

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(0-130)
Axis-Top of the acromion process
Stationary Arm- on top and lined up with the humerus
Movable Bar- on top and lined up with the humerus
Instruct client to keep arm straight and adduct to ward the body

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Axis- Top of the acromion process
Stationary Arm- On top and lined up with the humerus
Movable arm-On top and lined up with the humerus
Instruct the client to keep arm straight as he or she moves it parallel to the floor to abduct

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(0-150 degrees)
Axis/Fulcrum- Lateral epicondyle
Stationary Arm- On center of humerus
Movable Arm- On center of radius
Movement- Flex elbow

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0 degrees
Axis/Fulcrum- Lateral epicondyle
Stationary Arm- On center of the humerus
Movable arm- On center of the radius
Movement- Extend elbow

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Fulcrum: Dorsum of the wrist at the base of the third metacarpal
Stationary arm: midline between the radius and ulna
Moveable arm: Dorsal midline of the third metacarpal
After placement: Instruct the client to move laterally toward ulnar direction

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Fulcrum: at the dorsum of the wrist at the third metacarpal joint
stationary arm: middle of the dorsum of wrist
moveable arm: dorsal midline of the third metacarpal
After placement: Instruct client to move laterally toward radial direction.

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Fulcrum- Center of the Wrist
Stationary arm- In line with the radius
Moveable arm- In line with third metacarpal joint of the index finger
After placement: Instruct client to flex the wrist as far as possible

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Goniometer:
Fulcrum-center of the wrist
Stationary arm- In line with the radius
Moveable arm- In line with third metacarpal joint of index finger
After placement: Client must extend wrist as far as possible

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Subject sitting with forearm resting on table

Degrees of motion: 0-90
Goniometer placement: DORSAL side of the hand
Axis- top of the knuckle being measured
Stationary arm: midline of metacarpal
Moveable arm: midline of proximal phalanx

AFTER placement:
Instruct the client to bend their finger down. (Isolate the MCP joint)

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Subject sitting with forearm resting on table

Degrees of motion: 0-45
Goniometer placement: DORSAL side of the hand
Axis- top of the knuckle being measured
Stationary arm - midline of metacarpal
Movable arm – aligned with proximal phalanx

AFTER placement:
Instruct the client to extend the finger being measured away from the MCP joint.

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Subject sitting with forearm resting on table

Degrees of motion: 0-100
Goniometer placement: DORSAL side of the hand
Axis- top of the knuckle being measured

Stationary arm - midline of proximal phalanx (PIP)

Movable arm – midline of middle phalanx

AFTER placement:
Instruct the client to bend finger down. (while maintaining MCP joint NEUTRAL)

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Subject sitting with forearm resting on table

Degrees of motion: 0-25
Goniometer placement: DORSAL side of the hand
Axis- top of the knuckle being measured
Stationary arm - midline of metacarpal
Movable arm – aligned with proximal phalanx

AFTER placement:
Instruct the client to spread the finger apart from the other digits.

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Degrees of motion: 0-55
Goniometer placement: DORSAL side of the hand

Axis- top of MCP joint of the thumb

Stationary arm - midline of thumb

Movable arm –  proximal to the thumb

AFTER placement:

Instruct the client to flex the thumb at MCP only.

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Subject sitting with forearm resting on table

Degrees of motion: 0-80

Goniometer placement: DORSAL (lateral) side of the hand

Axis- top of IP joint of the thumb

Stationary arm - Proximal phalanx

Movable arm –  Distal phalanx

AFTER placement:

Instruct the client to bend the tip of their finger (IP ONLY)

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Subject sitting with forearm supinated resting on table

Degrees of motion: 0-15

Goniometer placement: VOLAR side of the hand (anatomical position)

Axis- top of CMC joint of the thumb

Stationary arm - aligned with the radius

Movable arm –  aligned with metacarpal of thumb

AFTER placement:

Instruct the client to flex the thumb towards the palm of their hand

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Subject sitting with forearm supinated resting on table

Degrees of motion: 0-20

Goniometer placement: VOLAR side of the hand (anatomical position)

Axis- top of CMC joint of the thumb

Stationary arm - aligned with the radius

Movable arm –  aligned with metacarpal of thumb

AFTER placement:

Instruct the client to extend the thumb away from the palm of their hand

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Subject sitting with forearm resting on table

Degrees of motion: 0-45

Goniometer placement: Styloid process of the radius

Axis- top of radial styloid

Stationary arm - aligned with MCP of index finger

Movable arm –  aligned with metacarpal of thumb

AFTER placement:

Instruct the client to move the thumb away from the palm of their hand

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Subject sitting with forearm supinated resting on table

Degrees of motion: Goniometer cannot be used

Use a ruler to measure the distance between the tip of thumb and base of the fifth finger

Movement:
Instruct the client to touch the tips of their fingers to the thumb. (one finger at a time)