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For each state you and your group need to identify the following:
1. Type of State/Government, Identify & Describe
2. Economic System/s, Potential Trade Route Connections, Potential Trade Partners
3. Social Structure or Hierarchy
4. Notable Cultural Characteristics (Religion & Architecture at minimum)
5. How do inhabitants shape the environment?
6. Name/s of group member/s working on this section
7. Support with at least 1 image or other form of media depicting an aspect described (to add more images, just drop a new pin nearby)

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1: Ethiopia had a government that was ruled by a monarch. The empire was mostly christianity lead.
2: It traded with India, Arabia, the Roman Empire, and some inner parts of Africa.
3: There were 10 social groups: monks, debtrea, officials, men at arms giving protection to princesses and wives, lords and landowners, farm workers, traders, artisans, wandering singers, and soldiers.
4: Christianity was a major religion in Ethiopia, and it was the only Christian region in Africa where Islam spread, as it had lots of mountains and distanced from Muslim powers. Leaders expressed their power through architecture, like massive churches.
5: Underground churches were created, and built massive structure out of rock.
6: Amin Karic

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1: There were 7 states, without central authority, each slightly interconnected with each other.
2: The kingdoms traded within each other. They did not have access to the sea but could participate in the sub-saharan trade routes to get extra resources. The kingdoms also participated in farming and slave trade.
3: They had a common language, and a secret society of members that limited the kings in the kingdoms.  A book called The Kano Chronicle kept track of all the rulers and people in high position of the Hausa and Fulani people.
4: The Hausa people practiced Islam, and a major aspect of their culture was the art they made.
5: They built mosques for Islam, and their houses were built from clay and mud.
6: Amin Karic

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1. Hereditary monarchy of the elite class.
2. Agriculture, grazing, trade, and gold. Indian Ocean Trade; traded with coastal city-states(Mombasa, Kilwa, Mogadishu).
3. Stratified society, with farmer classes and higher elites that would rule the government.
4. Great Zimbabwe, the capital of the Kingdom of Zimbabwe, had a large wall built around it. These walls still stand today, although battered and bruised. Most of the city buildings within this wall were made of stone.
5. Overgrazing damages environment, and eventually leads to the downfall of the Kingdom.
6. Nazar Bevzenko

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Chaco Culture National Historical Park, New Mexico, USA

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Chaco is a place with a desert climate it has long winters and doesn't receive too much rain, despite all of that it still was a thriving culture a thousand years ago.
From the mid 800s for about 300 years the Chacoan people used masonry techniques in order to create "great houses" with hundreds of rooms and multiple stories. Note. some of these structures took decades even centuries to complete.
These great houses had some alignment with the stars and also made it easier for communication through "lines of sight".
The houses were sacred and hold great spiritual meaning fore the creators and their descendants
by 1050 Chaco became the ceremonial administrative and economic center of san Juan basin
around the 1100s and the 1200s the Chacoan ways died down and groups started reorganizing the world in their own ways but still following the sacred migration paths and recognizing Chaco as a spiritual place to be honored and respected.
Landon Stuart

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Mesa Verde National Park, Mesa Verde, CO, USA

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Spanish for "green table"
The first inhabitants to Mesa Verde were around 550 AD
Best known for its "cliff palace" which was thought to be the largest cliff dwelling in North America
Mesa Verde was seasonally inhabited by Pueblo-Indians
The average Native Americans would wear warm clothes and shoes of hide for the winter and trade animals for recourses.  The people of mesa Verde were very experienced in pottery basketmaking and just general tool making skills which helped them trade with each other goods and services
The Native American "clan" grew as a family would grow they'd all live in one house and extend  for more space as needed.
Landon Stuart

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Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site, Collinsville, IL, USA

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Addison Fry

State gov- Ruled by a chief named "the Great Sun". Under him was a class of religious and political figures.
Economic system- The economy at the time was mostly run by trading corn and valuables from other civilizations they traded with.
Trade route- Center of the North American trade network.
Trade partners- Most likely traded with Chaco and Mesa Verde, along with many other established civilizations in the Great lakes and Gulf coast.
Social hierarchy- Men and women were equally respected in nobility and even death because of the matrilineal society. Famers were "lower" than the government and religious officials, and slaves were even lower than them.
Cultural characteristics- Cahokia was well known for it's mounds, or pyramids, where civil leaders live. In Cahokia, religious observance of the solar and lunar cycles were prevalant.
Shaping environment- Had many crops growing, shaped land for farming and for mounds.

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Shreya Sharma
- Type of government was a Theocracy, ruled by religious leaders, ruler was the divine representative of the gods
- Social Hierarchy: Great Speaker, land-owning nobles, scribes and healers, craftspeople and traders
- Conquered land and received tributes and traded with the places they conquered
- Tribute system established, divided soldiers among provinces to maintain influence and control
- Women wove cloth for the men, few women were educated and of high status
- Built aqueducts for water access, built pyramids, worshipped hundreds of deities, human sacrifice was a common method of appeasing the gods,
- Built Tenochtitlan, a huge city with over 200,000 people

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Shreya Sharma
- Main type of government was the city-state, each was ruled by a king with its surrounding area being territory
- Many merchants, used cocoa as currency, traded pelts, jade, salt, and ceramics
- Kingship passed from father to son, less discrimination against women
- Hierarchy: Priests, wealthy nobles, commoners, slaves
- Highly innovative, accurate calendars determined religious holidays, polytheistic religion, human sacrifice was a common practice
- Built massive observatories to study astronomy

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1. From empire to 4 different provinces each with its own bureaucracy
2. Centrally planned economy, with the mit'a system(mandatory public service), made those between the ages of 15 and 50 provide forms of labor, like agriculture. Barter system, item for item trade. Not much external trading, however, only with small tribes outside the borders.
3. The Inca people cherished the idea of royal ancestor veneration, where dead rulers would "keep ruling past death". They were mummified and thought to still own their possessions after death. So upon gaining power there would be little inheritance, a motivator for the expansion of the empire.
4. "Inca" means "people of the sun", and so they honored the sun and it's respective god in their religion "Inti". The Temple of the Sun in Cuzco was the center of their religion. Believed in animism(the belief that the world's elements have supernatural powers). Priests were asked before performing important things. "Quipu" was used for record-keeping and communication purposes by using strings and knots.
5. Sophisticated terraces were built by the Incas, using "waru" a land cultivating technique where the beds would be raised, and channels would be made where water could flow easily, and there wouldn't be an overflow of water during the rain, and where there would be extra water held in case of a drought.

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Once Complete, you need to start thinking collectively and looking for trends and patterns.

Together, complete the writing tasks in Greenland, Russia, Australia, and Argentina.

When done, click "share", copy link, and submit the link to the HUB assignment along with adding all group member's names

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Identify and Explain one similarity between the states in what is now the United States.

One similarity between the states in what is now the US would be their affinity for building cultural/political architecture. This is evident in the Mesa Verde's cliff dwellings, the Cahokia's mounds/pyramids, and the Chaco's canyon architecture. All of these cultures built shelters, showing off their unique cultures in the form of beautiful architecture.

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Identify and Explain one difference between the two states in Central America.

The Mexica and Maya both had polytheistic religions, but the Mexica had more deities in their religion, while the Maya came up with a calendar that scheduled their religious holidays.

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Identify and Explain one difference between the record keeping systems of the Inca and Hausa Kingdoms

One difference between the record keeping systems of the Inca and Hausa kingdoms is that the Hausa kingdom had a book that kept track of all its rulers and the Inca had a system of "Quipu", which used strings and knots to represent numbers. These different methods of record keeping show how the same information can be recorded in different ways.

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Identify and Explain one Economic similarity between the two East African States

One economic similarity between the states of Zimbabwe and Ethiopia are who they traded with. They both traded through the Indian Ocean trade route.