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Molecular Genetics – pages 116 to 137

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AP Biology Unit 6 Crash Course: Gene Expression and Regulation

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AP Biology Practice Test: Unit 3 — Cellular Energetics - High School Test Prep

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AP Biology Practice Test: Unit 3 — Cellular Energetics - High School Test Prep

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Practice FRQ with answers

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Copyright: CollegeBoard, 2015

A) The catabolism of glucose in glycolysis gives the NAD+ the Hydrogen it needs to later be turned into ATP. Oxidation breaks bonds which also releases energy. The formation of a proton gradient by the electron transport chain keeps the ionic Hydrogens on the outside of the cell so that they go through the ATP synthase channel to be turned into ATP. B) Nearly all organisms perform glycolysis because all living organisms have cytosol which it takes place in and if the organism is not in an oxygen rich environment glycolysis can still take place because it takes place in anerobic conditions. These factors of glycolysis point to the fact that the common ancestor of all organisms that would have survived in anerobic conditions with minamal complexity, no membrane bound organels, would have been able to undergo glycolysis to unlock energy. C) The energy available from 30 moles of ATP is 219 kcal. The efficiency of total ATP production from one mole of glucose is 693.3 kcal. When excess energy is released it is stored in long term storage units, in animals the energy can be stored as glycogen in plants it can be stored as starch. D) My scientific question is, was mitochondria its own bacteria, with enzymes in its cytosol, that developed a symbiotic relationship with eukaryotic cells, and then evolved to be produced and live inside of the cells as organelles.

Teacher feedback:

a. The catabolism of glucose in glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation produces electron carriers in the form of NADH that will later be used in the electron transport chain to produce ATP. In a similar fashion, the oxidation of intermediates in the Krebs Cycle produces electron carriers in the forms of NADH and FADH2, which are again used in the electron transport chain. In the electron transport chain, the electrons are taken from NADH and FADH2 and their energy is used to pump hydrogen ions against their concentration gradient into the mitochondrian's intermembrane space.

b. The fact that nearly all existing organisms perform glycolysis indicates that all species share a common evolutionary ancestor that possessed this same ability and then passed it on to its descendants. This is reinforced by the fact that glycolysis can occur anaerobically, indicating that glycolysis is likely an ancient metabolic function performed by the first living organisms on earth when atmospheric oxygen was low. Lastly, the fact that glycolysis only occurs in the cytosol supports this theory because the earliest living organisms on earth were likely prokaryotes and did not contain organelles.

c. The amount o energy available in the 30 ATP molecules produced by glucose metabolism is 219 kcal/mol, meaning that this process is about 32% energy efficient. The excess energy that is not stored in the form of ATP is given of as unusable heat as bonds between atoms are broken.

d. The fact that prokaryotes contain enzymes found in eukaryotic mitochondria poses the question, "Were mitochondria at some point prokaryotic cells that were engulfed by by larger cells, thus creating a beneficial mutual relationship?" This, being called the Endosymbiotic Theory is supported by the similarity of prokaryotic metabolic function to the metabolic functions of eukaryotic mitochondria.

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AP Bio: Unit 3 FRQ (Glycolysis) with Feedback | Fiveable

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Copyright: CollegeBoard, 2015 A) The catabolism of glucose in glycolysis gives the NAD+ the Hydrogen it needs to later be turned into ATP. Oxidation breaks bonds which also releases energy. The formation of a proton gradient by the electron transport chain keeps the ionic Hydrogens on the outside of the cell so that they go through the ATP synthase channel to be turned into ATP.

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Questions or concerns, leave below

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AP Biology Free Response Questions - Past Prompts | Fiveable

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AP Biology Free Response Questions - Past Prompts | Fiveable

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Looking to practice free response questions for AP Biology? Use this organized list of recent FRQs!

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AP Biology Practice Test: Unit 4 - Cell Communication & Cell Cycle - High School Test Prep

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AP Biology Practice Test: Unit 4 - Cell Communication & Cell Cycle - High School Test Prep

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AP Bio Unit 4: Cell Communication and Cell Cycle Cheat Sheet

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AP Bio Unit 4: Cell Communication and Cell Cycle Cheat Sheet

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AP Bio Unit 4: Cell Communication and Cell Cycle

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AP Bio Cliff Notes - Really Helpful!

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What you need to know for the exam

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Heredity: pg. 98 – 115

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Practice Worksheet

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Practice Worksheet

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AP Bio Unit 5 – 67 Questions

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Study guides & practice questions for 8 key topics in AP Bio Unit 6 - Gene Expression & Regulation

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Student Notes for AP Bio Chapters