# data[].attributes.body
Carmona. R, Choi. H, Corral. A, Torres. A

# data[].attributes.body
Phtotosynthesis is knwon to be one of the plants' most important cycle in order to develop adequately, but what will happen when things get modified? A experiment was made to solve the doubt of whether watering plants with different compounds would affect on the plants growth, in this case, a corn one, and so, 4 plants were watered with different compound each to see which one grew the tallest.

This experiment concluded that the variables did affect the growth of the corn plant, but in different ways. Copper sulfate rivaled the control plant, but ended up growing the most out of the 4 plants. Vinegar actually shrunk the stem in size, and lastly, clay grew but considerably less and slower than the other plants, excepting the one watered with vinegar.

# data[].attributes.body
It is well known that water is needed in the photosynthesis process in order to allow the plant to grow, including main components that must be included for a proper development and growth. As Bethany Brookshire said in Science News Explores (2020), autotroph organisms go through this process using mainly sunlight. Sites like the National Library of Medicine, Matthew P. Johnson (2016) mentions that it is “absorbed by pigment molecules located in the thylakoid membrane”, specifically chlorophyll; water and carbon dioxide to create energy, glucose, to carry out their vital functions. It is divided into two main phases, the luminous phase, where the water molecules are destroyed using sunlight and turned into hydrogen witha  positive charge and oxygen separately. 2H2O + LIGHT → 4H+ + O2. Then in the same phase, Hill's reaction occurs, where the positively charged hydrogen gets turned into chemical energy, ATP and NADPH respectively. The other one is called the dark phase, which uses the chemical energy previously made in Hill's reaction to transform carbon dioxide into glucose in the Calvin Benson cycle: CO2 + ATP + NADPH → C6 H12 06

As Tyson Brown wrote in National Geographic (2022), in the photosynthesis process “the water is oxidized, meaning it loses electrons, while the carbon dioxide is reduced, so it gains electrons” producing oxygen and glucose, the latter being the energy osurce of the plant.
It can be concluded that water is one of the main reactants, but have you ever wondered what would happen if water was modified and if it is, would it affect the growth of the plant? Well, this experiment was made to solve this doubt, and confirm or deny the hypothesis, which is that vinegar, copper sulfate, and, clay mixed with water will make the plant grow slower. The plants watered under these conditions are going to be weaker than the one that wasn’t modified. Varying this variable could possibly change the molecule of water because of the new compounds added to it, making it harder to break down, and altering the whole process. That is the motivation behind the experiment, check how much you can modify compounds needed until it slows down the growth. The substitutes were chosen as they were all different elements, one is a mineral (copper sulfate) and the effect of it could vary a lot on the final result. Like many sites say, such as Taylor & Francis Online (2008), copper sulfate is frequently used in agriculture as a pesticide to kill fungi. Overuse of this substance alters the photosynthesis process of the plant by causing leaf discoloration, root damage, decline in the amount of chlorophyll, reduced growth and/or eventual death of the crop. Corn has a medium to low necessity for copper, comparing it to other vegetable crops, so the implementation of copper into the water may exceed the amount needed for its ideal growth.  Then, vinegar has an acidic pH, contrasting to the neutral pH of water, that will affect the plant’s growth regardless, since it alters the soil where the plant is placed, additionally destroying the cell membranes of the plant’s leaves. Although concentrated vinegar will likely kill the plant. This component was also chosen since it could be thrown on the drain and possibly end up on crops, having a realistic way of occurring. Finally, clay is a compound commonly found and not related to the cultivation process of any sort, so its effect on the corn plant is not as decipherable and specific as the other compounds. With all of this modifications to the needed conditions, will the corn plants survive or die trying?

# data[].attributes.body
In the experiment, a lot of materials are going to be used, those are the following: 4 empty pots, soil, copper sulfate, 15 gr of clay diluted in water, vinegar, distilled water, a room with sunlight, tape measure, and 4 corn plants with their initial height measured. The ideal watering conditions for this species would be 40ml every 2 to 3 days, getting 10 hours of sunlight exposure. The experiment begins by mixing water and copper sulfate in a beaker, then on another beaker clay and water will get mixed. The vinegar is left without dilution (concentrated). Once the solutions are done, the corn plants will be trespassed to separate pots with soil, which will be left in a room with sunlight exposure and, as it is said previously, the plants are gonna be put under equal conditions or as close as possible to it. After that, the four plants will be measured and registered. With everything ready, step number 2 of the experiment can take place. The four plants will be watered with the different substances already made (plant 1 with vinegar, plant 2 with clay diluted in water, plant 3 with copper sulfate on water, and plant 4 with water). The first and second day of watering, each plant was watered with 5 ml of each substance. Then on the third and fourth, the plants were watered with 10 ml, then on the fifth, 5 ml, and on the last day we watered the plants with 10ml. The plants will be checked, measured and observed for any potential changes every 3 days. On step 4, the third one being the control and observation, the experiment will conclude after being active for 2 weeks.
The initial hypothesis will be confirmed or denied.

# data[].attributes.body
The initial hypothesis was that the variables, being, vinegar, copper sulfate and clay mixed with water, would make the plant grow slower than the one in normal conditions (only water), but we ended up getting a lot of different results. As an example, copper sulfate made the plant grow quicker in the time span in comparison to the others, and in the end, grew more. comparing each plant face to face we can see that plant number 1 confirms part of our hypothesis since this is the one that was watered with vinegar and the plant ended up measuring 14.3 cm less than the one that we watered with water, so it is possible to affirm that the plant under this condition complied with what was expected as well as plant number 2, which was being watered with clay and water, although this plant grew much more than the first plant, however it did not exceed the other two in cm remaining, which would be the water which grew 21.6cm, so up to this point we could say that the hypothesis was correct, however the remaining plant refuted it, because plant number 3 ended up growing 0 .7 cm more than the plant that was only irrigated with water, which leads us to the conclusion that our hypothesis was wrong and the copper sulfate must change something in the plant's photosynthesis process, which generates that this grow in one hand it was more accelerated and reached a greater height, unlike irrigating it only with water. In case you wanted to grow a plant, watering it with vinegar would not be the best option and according to the results obtained we can see that this plant did not have much difference between the initial hight vs the ending height, we also saw in person that this plant not only left shrinking on certain occasions, but it was also seen dry and with some species of fungi on the ground, but we cannot confirm the latter 100%. It is very important to know with what we can water our plants and with what not, since the period of irrigation of these is very important for their development, with this experiment we can observe how the factor with which our plant is watered will vary in how much it's going to grow like, how fast. On the other hand, we do not know more deeply how the copper sulfate affected from the center of the plant, but this can be verified with another experiment. In the end it helped us to know how a plant grows more efficient and healthy.

# data[].attributes.body
The experiment was related to the initial hypothesis presented, however, there were certain aspects that the hypothesis did not raise. For example, Plant 3 (copper sulfate) was not expected to grow faster than Plant 4 (normal conditions) on the experiment, as Plant 4 was expected to have the best conditions and growth, but unexpectedly, Plant 3 reached 22.3 cm, while the other plant reached 21.6 cm. Initially it was thought that plant 1, watered with vinegar, would grow much slower and smaller compared to the remaining plants, however it turned out that it actually shrank over a period of time, only to grow 0.1 cm at the end. By the way, the experiment led to the knowledge that water is the best component for plants, so for a next time that an experiment needs to grow plants quiclky, its better to use use water, and possibly support it with the use of fertilizers, pesticides, and extra nutrients.

# data[].attributes.body
Brookshire, B. (2022). Explainer: How photosynthesis works. Retrieved 21 August 2022, from https://www.snexplores.org/article/explainer-how-photosynthesis-works

National Geographic Society. (2022) Photosynthesis. Retrieved 21 August 2022, from https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/photosynthesis

Johnson. M. P, National Library of Medicine (2016)
Retrieved 21 August 2022, from  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5264509/

Spectrum Analytic. (2022) library:articles:cu_basics - Spectrum Analytic. Retrieved 21 August 2022, from https://spectrumanalytic.com/doc/library/articles/cu_basics