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Context: My friend shared this Instagram post with my other friends and me in an Instagram dm group chat. 

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This Instagram post from @usweekly publicizes that a third Princess Diaries movie is "officially in the works". I love the Princess Diaries movies and they are some of my favorite movies ever. The use of the blue speaking emojis surrounding the "MIRACLES HAPPEN" are used in a referential way. They draw attention to viewers and are used as an informative function of communication. Those emojis are used as an aid to share with the audience that there will be another Princess Diaries movie. The focus is on the context of the post, which is the incoming news about the movie.

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Context: My friend sent me this text before we met up to hang out. She asked me to get coffee with her but she got a free coffee from somewhere else already.

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Even though my friend already got coffee before our hang out, we went to a coffee shop regardless. I was the one who bought coffee at the shop. The use of the blushing face with hearts emoji displays feelings from the speaker. My friend uses that emoji to display how happy she was when she received the free coffee. It also displays gratitude and how she feels taken care of by the woman who gave her the free coffee. This emoji could've also been used to evoke feelings of happiness within the communication interlocutor (me) so that I would not feel mad about her getting coffee without me. I could also argue that the use of this emoji is referential because my friend simply informs me of this instance that happened to her, however, I think that the expressive function of communication is displayed stronger here.

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Context: I received a BeReal notification on my phone today. I am an avid user of the app BeReal. 

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For those who do not know BeReal, it is a newer form of social media where one posts a candid picture every day to share with their friends and in order to view their friends' BeReal posts. The use of the hazard emojis are a directive function of communication. They are requesting me to do something which is to make a post. The emojis are assertive and need/draw attention. They cause the communication interlocutor to do an action.

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I chose these articles because they are very important in reforming our workplace in general. These articles shed light upon linguistic features that I use and were not aware of. As I enter the workforce, I believe that the arguments in the articles will stick with me. The articles are related but do not explain the exact same linguistic features as well as the medium of communication in the workplace: emails and in-person.

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"Women tend to be more apologetic, saying sorry for requesting things that are perfectly reasonable to be asking. This could be a reflection of lower confidence, or a representation of women feeling less sure of their professional position and authority," Salton tells GLAMOUR.

"Women may also feel the need to people please - using smiley faces and kisses to avoid confrontation, and encourage the recipient to not think less of them if they are asking something of them. Both of these examples potentially demonstrate a lack of confidence and the writer worrying about offending the reader."

Salton says the reason men tend to write shorter, sharper emails (again, this is a complete generalisation) is that stereotypically men tend to worry less about what people think and thus worry less about offending the recipient.

So should women be changing their email styles? "I think it's less about women needing to be more like men, or vice versa. What's important here is both genders communicating via email in a clear, concise, and professional way. Without being rude, or overly polite and apologetic," Salton continues.

She adds that confidence, whichever gender you are, is key when writing emails. Underselling yourself and being overly apologetic could "impact how we are seen more broadly in our career".

The best way to write an email? "Be clear, concise, say what you mean, and don't apologise unless it's genuinely needed. Aim to communicate similarly to how you would in real life. Would you say goodbye to a colleague after a meeting by imploring them to 'stay safe?' If not, no need to do this via email."

Ultimately, it depends on who you're emailing and the kind of work environment you're in, too. Emailing your work wife? Kisses are more than appropriate. Emailing your CEO? Maybe not so much. It really is a case-by-case basis, but it's always a good idea to be confident and leave the apologies at the door.

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Why women should be writing emails like their male colleagues (that means getting rid of exclamation marks and kisses)

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"Women tend to be more apologetic, saying sorry for requesting things that are perfectly reasonable to be asking. This could be a reflection of lower confidence, or a representation of women feeling less sure of their professional position and authority," Salton tells GLAMOUR.

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This article argues that "women should be writing emails more like their male colleagues." The linguistic features mentioned in the article are ones that are expressed in email writing. For example, women tend to be more polite in emails saying "Can you please" rather than "Can you" or "I think" when they know for sure they are right. The article mentions, "women may also feel the need to people please." Feeling the need to people please comes from differential treatment in society along with a difference with access to power: the difference and dominance models. Because women usually hold lower positions than men in the workplace, they may feel the need to express themselves more politely in order to gain agency. The article advocates for women "to be clear, concise, say what you mean, and don't apologize unless it's genuinely needed."

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Unfortunately, I did not collect as much data as I expected. I almost reached my target of 120 tokens and collected 100 tokens so far. I had challenges finding new people as tokens for my project. My upcoming plan to reach my target goal is to collect all of my tokens by Monday of next week 10/31 as I am going to a lot of social events with new people and faces. I will collect more tokens there. So far, my data is a little scattered and messy, so I plan to clean it up and organize it as well on Google Sheets.

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For my research topic, I want to focus on greetings. I think it's important to highlight and look deeper into something as mundane as greetings. Currently, I have collected around 20 tokens. I plan to collect at least 100 more tokens after today. I collect my tokens in my overall interactions with others.

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All American’s Daniel Ezra Reveals How He Perfected His American Accent!

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The actor in this video is Daniel Ezra and he is a part of the CW show, All American. I watched this show a lot in high school and during one of my google searches of the cast members of the show, I encountered this video. I was surprised by the fact that Daniel Ezra is British because he speaks in an American English accent on the show.

This video is an interview from the show, The Real, with Daniel Ezra explaining his acting skills and techniques.

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I encountered the first picture at Garage Clothing, a women's clothing store in Soho. It is a hydration station, which is rare to find in a retail clothing store. On it, says "Hot Girls Drink Water". I was walking in Soho with a friend and we walked into this store and had to take a picture of this cute water machine.

The second picture is a picture I took on a spontaneous trip to the Moma of the propaganda art poster by Adolph Treidler from the time period of World War l. I love propaganda art, so I'm glad I get to specifically choose this picture for this assignment.

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The hydration station with the slogan of "Hot Girls Hydrate" targets the shoppers of Garage Clothing. Usually, this social group consists of teenage girls and young adult women who shop in Soho, a pretty hipster area. The pink and red colors plus the Coca-Cola hat draws the customers' attention along with the slogan. The customers are usually familiar with the term "hot girls" as it is used in modern day slang. The singer/rapper, Megan the Stallion, has endorsed this term and popularized it. The use of "girls" specifically targets a female audience and the use of "hot" targets a more hip social group of women. They would be able to resonate with this term. The use of "hydrate" specifically tells this social group to stay hydrated and it is implied that you should take care of your physical health.

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Entry 2: The use of a period vs. “period!”

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Entry 2: The use of a period vs. “period!”

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Below, I have provided screenshots of two separate text message conversations I had on my phone.

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Periods in sentences are used as a punctuation mark in sentences. Recently, the slang word/phrase “period/periodt” has become pretty common. This is especially true amongst younger generations (gen z and milenials). I use periods and “period” all the time, so I thought this would be fun to examine.
“Period” is an expression that favors something or someone and can replace the phrase “as you should”. For example, if I told my friends that I got a work promotion, they could reply to me with “period!” and it would essentially mean something along the lines of a “good job!” However, the expression “period” may be frowned upon by older generations or social groups that do not use slang in their vocabulary because it is uncommon for them to use or may not sound “correct” or not the standard language.
The use of an actual period, “. “, establishes punctuality in a sentence or phrase, so it is considered more professional. For example, if someone were to use a period in a text message, the conversation would seem more professional rather than a text message that was sent without a period. This can apply to sending emails as well. Sending “Hey” in a text message may seem different than “Hey.” because the period adds a different tone.
“ . “ and “period” are both the same regarding pronunciation, but have totally different connotations and meanings. Others may comprehend this differently, but this is merely my understanding and comprehension of it.

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This poster endorses the YWCA (Young Women's Christian Association) as well as feminism in the U.S during World War l. Just by the name of this organization, we can tell that it is supposed to target young Christian women. It is also tailored to specifically White women, as the woman in the poster is White. Of course, there is some leeway with the target audience as it can also appeal to everyone who is experiencing the effects of World War l. These social groups can include all types of women and men left back at home in the U.S. as well as the soldiers. The use of "Care for Her" and "For Every Fighter A Woman Worker" advocates for gender equality. This is a call to action for women to pursue work and to not conform to the "Dome of Domesticity" (a set of gendered expectations placed on women to be the caretakers of the home). At the time, this propaganda poster was highly criticized and seen as too "radical or progressive".

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Entry 1: Dreamcatcher at Primavera Sound Music Festival 2022

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Entry 1: Dreamcatcher at Primavera Sound Music Festival 2022

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Dreamcatcher is a popular South-Korean K-Pop girl group who recently performed at the Primavera Sound music festival located in Barcelona, Spain. They were the first K-Pop girl group to perform at this music festival, making history.

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This week, as we dove into the definitions of language, standard language, dialects, etc., I was reminded of this topic while randomly watching this performance in my free time. Dreamcatcher is one of my favorite k-pop groups, so I am excited to use them for my entry.
Even though Dreamcatcher sings all of their songs in Korean, they still performed at this music festival regardless of whether or not the audience understands. In between their song performances they would talk to the crowd mainly in Korean, but also incorporating English and Spanish words or phrases.
In the screenshots of the comments section that I have included above, the only comments that I have seen regarding the way the members speak are positive.
Throughout the whole video, the Dreamcatcher members say a lot of Spanish and English phrases such as, “hola!”, “como estas?”, “yeah let’s go!”, or “did you like the song?” and the audience screams in a cheerful way. Even when they speak to the audience in Korean, the audience cheers back at them. I am happy that I did not encounter any negative comments in the comments section regarding the way they spoke, but this does not account for the actual reactions from the audience.
You can see that some of the people in the back of the crowd are uninterested in Dreamcatcher or have looks of disgust while they perform.
While I personally love Dreamcatcher, I did find myself laughing or cringing because of the way they spoke or what they said. They had heavy accents, pronounced things differently, and would misuse the standard language. Sometimes, their sentences did not make sense grammatically.
Ultimately, I highly appreciate that they tried incorporating different languages into their set. They even converted one of their Korean songs to English. This portrays their effort to bridge the gap between the language barrier of their audience and themselves. Making such an effort proves how awesome Dreamcatcher and similar artists are.

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In the interview, Ezra speaks in his British accent as he normally does, but once he switches to an American accent saying "I'ma go to the store real quick", the cast of The Real reacts to this in excitement. "I'ma go to the store real quick" is a variant of "I'm going to the store." "I'ma go to the store real quick" includes modern day slang, and according to Ezra, it's Californian slang (my home state). The use of this slang exemplifies covert prestige as it is not considered a standard use of our language. Users of slang may take this phrase as normal and cool. The cast of The Real might have been excited with the use of the Californian slang for "I'm going to the store", however, standard language users may react differently to this. Using slang may sound unprofessional and unsophisticated to standard language users. This may be the case in more professional settings as well.

In my opinion, as a native Californian and an All American fan, I think it's much cooler to say "I'ma go to the store real quick" over "I'm going to the store" because I feel like it has more character. I am also someone who does not use a lot of standard language in my daily life. I am a heavy user of slang, especially California slang, specifically the Bay Area.

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What do Beyoncé, Julia Child, and a 2014 Patene commercial have in common?

They're not sorry.

They also share another common thread: Their messages are geared towards women. Why? Statistically speaking, women are inherently known to apologize more frequently than men (we'll get more into that later). Don't get us wrong, saying sorry is an important tool when rectifying a mistake. But over-apologizing without real reason can be dangerous to our personal and professional development.

"Apologizing when we have done something wrong is a real strength, but compulsive apologizing presents as a weakness at work and in personal relationships."

- Dr. Tara Swart, neuroscientist, Medicine Revived

Apologize if you've made a mistake. But, let's get honest and detox those unnecessary apologies out of the workplace.

Why do we apologize so much?

It's ritualistic that when we do something wrong, we follow up with "sorry." But, profusely apologizing is a sign of an empty promise. So, why do we apologize when there's nothing to apologize for? ‍

Childhood habit. Remember frantically apologizing as a child the moment you broke something? Tara Swart, a neuroscientist, describes how serial apologists have picked up this pattern from childhood, "where one was made to feel wrong or fearful of punishment."

Fear of being offensive. Maja Jovanovic, a sociology professor and author of " Hey Ladies, Stop Apologizing and Other Career Mistakes Women Make," found that women in particular associate apologizing to offensiveness or the fear of not being liked.

Nudging the other person to apologize. Sloane Crosley, a New York City author, wrote in a New York Times op-ed that women tend to "think the apology will serve as a prompt for the person who should be apologizing."

Women apologize more, it's fact

It's no stereotype that females tend to apologize more than their male counterparts. There are many articles that address this imbalance. Scientists at the University of Waterloo found evidence to support the assumption that females are more likely to apologize than males.

This finding suggests that men apologize less frequently than women because they have a higher threshold for what constitutes offensive behavior

- The University of Waterloo Canada, National Center for Biotechnology Information

While men and women were both willing to apologize in the case of an infraction, it was women that found more infractions to say sorry - even when it wasn't warranted.

Why you should stop saying sorry

Believe it or not, over-apologizing can lead to negative consequences. It's a powerful tool when used for the right purpose. But, what happens when you exhaust your sorry's?

Dilutes future apologies. If you're constantly apologizing, the apology will eventually lose its meaning. Take the story of the little boy who cried wolf. Eventually, the impact of the apology will diminish.

Crushes our confidence. Saying sorry is for actual mistakes, not insecurities. Maja Jovanovic describes apologies as "confidence killers," that are adopted as habitual communication.

It can impact your professional career. Maintaining professional etiquette includes utilizing effective communication. This requires eliminating "sorry" from your vocabulary. Saying sorry too much may seem like the easy way out in difficult situations or may show a lack of accountability and indecisiveness in your duties.

Instead of "I'm Sorry," try this...

Apologizing isn't a bad thing in the workplace if you genuinely do something wrong. A strategic apology requires you to question your motives. This illustrates trust and respect. There are ways to overcome the sorry syndrome and sociologist Maja Jovanovic suggests using these alternative phrases to avoid apologizing.
Instead of saying "I'm sorry," try: If you're running late, trade in "sorry" for gratitude:
"Thank you for waiting for me..."
Don't be "sorry to interrupt," but say:

"I'd like to add..."

"I have an idea...."

"I'd like to expand on that..."

Instead of saying "sorry to complain," switch it to:
"Thank you for listening..."
Apologizing in an email, try saying:

"Thank you for catching that...."

"I appreciate you bringing this error to my attention...."

"Thanks for flagging this issue for me..."

#ImNotSorry

We challenge you to take on our #ImNotSorry pledge, and try going five days without any unnecessary apologies. Tweet us @MatterApp under the hashtag #ImNotSorry sharing stories of when you ditched "sorry" for one of the alternative phrases.

At Matter, we want to see you professionally grow. Minimizing the word "sorry" makes us more confident and allows us to focus on growth instead of mistakes. It's time to toss out those sorry's (but keep the important ones for when you really need them). Like Beyoncé, you shouldn't be sorry! 🍋

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Why Women Should Stop Saying Sorry in the Workplace

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What do Beyoncé, Julia Child, and a 2014 Patene commercial have in common? They're not sorry. They also share another common thread: Their messages are geared towards women. Why? Statistically speaking, women are inherently known to apologize more frequently than men (we'll get more into that later).

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The linguistic feature mentioned in the article is women saying "sorry" in the workplace and the article argues that women should not be saying "sorry" in the workplace. Saying "sorry" in the workplace crushes confidence. The article mentions that, statistically, "men apologize less frequently than women because they have a higher threshold for what constitutes offensive behavior." This relates to both the difference and dominance models. Women tend to say sorry in the workplace more because of a power imbalance with differential access to power; in society, women are expected to withhold politeness and accept submissive treatment. and treatment This article was written by a woman, however, I do not think that this article is biased in any way.