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4.6 billion years ago - PRECAMBRIAN TIME

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4.6 billion years ago - PRECAMBRIAN TIME

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Earth formed 4.6 billion years ago, when gravity pulled swirling gas and dust in. This became the third planet from the sun. It has a central core of lava, rocky mantle, and a solid crust.

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4.5 billion years ago - Formation of Earth and Moon

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4.5 billion years ago - Formation of Earth and Moon

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The moon was formed from debris thrown into space due to a collision between earth and another smaller planet, around the size of Mars.

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4 billion years ago - Late Heavy Bombardment - brings water

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4 billion years ago - Late Heavy Bombardment - brings water

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The late heavy bombardment was a period of time when Earth was constantly getting pelted by asteroids, comets, and space debris. Despite the harsh conditions, scientists believe this was responsible for supplying earth with water.

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3.8 billion years ago - First Life Forms - Anaerobic microbes

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3.8 billion years ago - First Life Forms - Anaerobic microbes

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The original life forms survived on carbon and did not require oxygen, due to the make up of earth's atmosphere.

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3 billion years ago - Earth's Surface Solidifies

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3 billion years ago - Earth's Surface Solidifies

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The solidifying of Earth occurred due to outgassing, in which water on earth's surface was expelled with lava.

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2.5 billion years ago - Cyanobacteria Appear

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2.5 billion years ago - Cyanobacteria Appear

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Cyanobacteria is a common relative of the chloroplast found in plant cells. These organisms evolved during The Great Oxidation.

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2.4 billion years ago - Great Oxidation Event - O2 levels increase significantly

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2.4 billion years ago - Great Oxidation Event - O2 levels increase significantly

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The great oxidation caused an extinction in anaerobic organisms and a wide increase in aerobic organisms, such as the cyanobacteria. This happened due to an increase in O2 levels and decrease in carbon and nitrogen.

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1.8 billion years ago - First Eukaryotes

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1.8 billion years ago - First Eukaryotes

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Eukaryotic organisms, such as plants and animals, can be traced back as far as 1.8 billion years ago.

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Snowball earth is a geological theory that earth's surface became mostly or completely frozen during the Cryogenian period. This event was potentially caused by a lowering in the greenhouse gases in earth's atmosphere. This led to a rise in more complex (large cell) organisms over simple (small cell), and set the stage for multicellular life.

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Jellyfish were the first animals able to swim with muscles. At some point during their evolution, jellyfish transitioned from a stationary polyp to a swimming medusa. This involved major changes in the nervous system, muscles, and other parts. The jellyfish developed cnidocytes, which are stinging cells, to protect themselves.

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550 million years ago - CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION

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550 million years ago - CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION

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The Cambrian Explosion was the unparalleled emergence of organisms between 541 million and 530 million years ago. This event was characterized by the appearance of many of the major phyla that make up modern animal life.

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Jawless fish arose from small bodied, filter-feeding organisms. Pre-historic ancestor of modern day fish, sharks, whales, eels, and other aquatic animals.

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440 million years ago - First Land Plants

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440 million years ago - First Land Plants

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The first land plants arose from the water 440 mya. The first groups of plants to evolve on land were bryophytes and seedless vascular plants.

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440 million years ago - ORDOVICIAN-SILURIAN EXTINCTION

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440 million years ago - ORDOVICIAN-SILURIAN EXTINCTION

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Some 440 million years ago, global sea levels rose and cooled off drastically, killing off 85% of all life on Earth. This also greatly impacted marine organisms living in shallow water as well.

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400 million years ago - First Jawed Fish

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400 million years ago - First Jawed Fish

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The first jawed fish were placoderms. They evolved from the previous jawless fish. Their jaws likely evolved from their gill arches. Their head and thorax were covered by armored plates and the rest of the body was scaled or naked. They lacked teeth.

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Ferns are the main plant found in fossils from prehistoric times. They originated approximately 400 million years ago, and soon dominated the land. Ferns provided a food source to many herbivores, then and now.

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Amphibians are animals that can survive in water or on land. They evolved from fish, and developed to live in either habitat. This meant that many amphibians at this time had fish-like features. These animals were the first tetrapods, and are the ancestors of all four-legged animals today.

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Around 380 mya, the Cladoselache evolved. This shark looks more similar to an eel. As active predators they had torpedo-shaped bodies, forked tails and dorsal fins. Although they are recognized as sharks, they very much could've been apart of the chimaera branch.

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Around this time, the first insects were formed. They looked like wingless silverfish, studies show. Later on, they started to gain more distinct characteristics to adapt to their environment.

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365 million years ago - LATE DEVONIAN EXTINCTION

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365 million years ago - LATE DEVONIAN EXTINCTION

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With this extinction, many plants and animals suffered because of the major cooling of the oceans. This was because glaciers were forming and it messed up a lot of "floral" ecosystems at the time.

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Ferns and other plant life around this time started to cover the Earth in any places that would sustain them. This provided a lot of food for herbivores and other plant-eating creatures.

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This is when bugs and insects started to evolve to get wings. Wings helped them travel faster and get away from predators. It could also help them camouflage, much like insects today.

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The first known reptile has the genus name Hylonomus. It looked a lot like the present day lizard, but ranged from 8-12 inches. This species later evolved into many different types of reptiles over time.

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252 million years ago- PERMIAN-TRIASSIC EXTINCTION

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252 million years ago- PERMIAN-TRIASSIC EXTINCTION

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Around 252 million years ago, the Earth experienced a great global and oceanic warming, killing about 90% of the species on the planet. This led to major amounts of volcanic activity, in turn, killing more organisms.

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The first conifers were said to have originated in Europe and North America 310 mya. Once they started to spread, they spread pretty quickly across large areas of land.

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240 million years ago - Start of the Age of the Dinosaurs

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240 million years ago - Start of the Age of the Dinosaurs

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The Mesozoic Era, also called the "Age of Reptiles," is the period of time in which Pangaea began to break apart into continents. But, most importantly, this was the age of the dinosaurs. Dinosaurs started to rule the Earth and quickly climbed their way up to the top of the food chain.

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201.3 million years ago - TRIASSIC-JURASSIC EXTINCTION

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201.3 million years ago - TRIASSIC-JURASSIC EXTINCTION

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The result of this extinction about 200 million years ago left 76% of marine and terrestrial life dead/extinct. An increase in atmospheric CO2 caused volcanic eruptions to occur, killing all of these organisms.

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The first earthworms are, in fact, older than the first mammals, studies show. They helped in making the soil more fertile for future plants to continue growing.

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The Morganocudon is known as the first mammal on Earth and suggested to have evolved from reptiles. Many have compared the first mammals to modern day rats or mice, which is likely where those animals evolved from.

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The earliest known fossil of a bird dates back 150 mya and scientists called this bird Archaeopteryx. In the Late Cretaceous Period, more birds with varying characteristics began to appear as the species started to evolve and change.

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120 million years ago - First Flowering Plants

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120 million years ago - First Flowering Plants

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Scientists have found one of the first flowering plants, named Archaefructus, and they suspect that it first grew around water. Flowering plants provided new food for insects as well.

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66 million years ago - CRETACEOUS-PALEOGENE EXTINCTION

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66 million years ago - CRETACEOUS-PALEOGENE EXTINCTION

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This extinction, 66 million years ago, marked the end of all dinosaur life on Earth. This extinction was caused by impact with multiple asteroids that killed 66% of the entire population on the planet.

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65 million years ago - Dinosaurs Extinction

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65 million years ago - Dinosaurs Extinction

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At the end of the Cretaceous Period, most of the dinosaurs went extinct because of the Earth's collision with a large amount of meteors and celestial objects. This also caused widespread geological chaos, including massive volcanic eruptions. Not all of the dinosaurs went extinct because of these events, but quickly died years after from the lasting environmental impacts.

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The first known primate was named Purgatorius by scientists, and it was only detected and classified based on its jaw and teeth fragments. Squirrels are also known to have been derived from these early primates.

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50 million years ago - Oehippus (First Known Horse)

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50 million years ago - Oehippus (First Known Horse)

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The "first horses" were actually the size of modern-day dogs and were suspected to have been roaming the forests of North America 55 million years ago.

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The first apes were derived from the first primates approximately 33 million years ago. The majority of scientists believe that humans evolved from these apes because of our similar bone and brain structure.

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The first grasses on Earth were actually suspected to have been around since 70 million years ago. This gave a lot of herbivores another food source.

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100,000 years ago - Homo Sapiens (Modern Form of Human Species)

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100,000 years ago - Homo Sapiens (Modern Form of Human Species)

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The first Homo sapiens evolved from the first apes. They first learned a capacity for language around 50,000 years ago. They have since then evolved into modern-day humans like us.

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11,700 years ago to Present - HOLOCENE EXTINCTION

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11,700 years ago to Present - HOLOCENE EXTINCTION

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This extinction, still currently happening today, is the extinction of plants and animals based on human activity. Things like hunting, poaching, tourism, and climate change have all contributed to this mass extinction.

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This is the current world we are living in. Many species are still going extinct today, but some new ones are also being discovered thanks to new scientific technologies.