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Totalitarianism: a form of government and a political system that prohibits all opposition parties, outlaws individual and group opposition to the state and its claims, and exercises an extremely high if not complete degree of control and regulation over public and private life.

Communism: In a Communist system, individual people do not own land, factories, or machinery. Instead, the government or the whole community owns these things. Everyone is supposed to share the wealth that they create.

Democratic socialsim: Democratic socialism is defined as having a socialist economy in which the means of production are socially and collectively owned or controlled alongside a liberal democratic political system of government. Norway has somewhat of a democraticial society.

Dystopia: The opposite of utopia. An imaginged terrible future.

Censorship: Censorship is the suppression of speech, public communication, or other information.

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-Stalin as dictator - secret police just like the thought police where you don't know who's a part of the organization/totalitarianism/prison camps/battle against fascism
-WW2 - Hitler's Nazi party/concentration camps/Jewish 'non-persons'/censorship
-Orwell was a supporter of socialism and an anti-totalitarian regime. He believed in 'democratic socialism'. 1984 is therefore an anti-totalitarian novel which warns us about what a possible totalitarian future might look like
-Considered a novel of 'political prophecy' - many issues are still relevant today; for example surveillance (in China, everyone has to provide the government with their DNA and information about their fascial structure. This information can be used to locate them in public)
-While George Orwell wrote 1984, he was being surveillanced because the British government were worried that he was a democrat

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Psychology of language

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-He works at the Ministry of Truth
-At the Ministry of Truth, his job is to destroy all information and papers that have information that doesn't align with the Party's ideals. When those records are destroyed he writes new records to replace the old once
-He lives in Victory Mansion and both his apartment, soul and body seems worn down
-It does not seem like he is as brainwashed as the others in the society around him. Already from the start of the book he commits a thought crime
-He is writing a diary and the crime isn't necessarily that he is writing the diary, but that he thought of writing the diary
-A pessimistic personality - fatalistic - he thinks he is already as good as dead and therefor the barrier he needs to climb before going against the government is much smaller
-He has a need for love and after he met Julia his life quality drastically increased, which also shows that in a society where every aspect of life is regulated and monitored it doesn't take much to please people
-Even though Winston seems like a worn down man, just like everyone else in Oceania, he is also one of the few that has a sort of spark. This spark keeps his spirit still going and even though the odds for change are small he still seeks out the Brotherhood
-Just like Julia, Winston has the courage to try and break the system, but he is much more careless and he almost seemed surprised when Julia told him about the necessary adjustments he had to do to not be suspicious when meeting her and doing rebellious activities
-Since I read the book with the historical context in mind I knew that the book wouldn't have a happy ending, but it's interesting to see that the totalitarian regime can break even Winston's spirit to the point where he doesn't love Julia anymore

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-The gin is symbolizing suppression and the government intoxicating people
-The might show how the citizens keep drinking the Party to victory hence the name Victory Gin
-The gin is also an easy way to escape reality and the Party has won since people need to escape the horrible world they live in. They have no other way of escaping

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Good - Plusgood - Doubleplusgood
Ungood - Plusungood - Doubleplusungood
The only rootword is good
What is the phylosophy and psychology behid this? Can this limit our thoughts?

The A vocabulary - Consist of words needed for business of everyday life
The B vocabulary - Consist of words which have been deliberately constructed for political purposes
The C vocabulary - Consists entirely of scientific and technical terms

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-Psychology an philosophy
-Limited language is limited thought
-If people don't have the words to express themselves then they don't have the foundation to start rebellions and protests
-This helps the government to maintain control
-The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis: Language does influence though and it changes our perception of reality, but it doesn't govern our reality
-People won't realize that the limited language is affecting their ability to think
-"The purpose of Newspeak was not only to provide a medium of expression for the world-view and mental habits proper to the devotees of Ingsoc, but to make all other modes of thought impossible."

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-O'brian is a mysterious character and no one really knows what his intentions are
-From early on in the book Winston gets the feeling that O'brian is part of the secret organization The Brotherhood
-He works as an Inner Party member and this would be the perfect coverup if he was a rebel
-In the end we find out that The Brotherhood doesn't exist and the Party made it to sniff out traitors like Winston and Julia
-O'brian is ruthless and smart enough to fool both of them
-O'brian is a symbol of the Party's contradictions and cruelty

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-Syme is a smart and intellectual character who's working for the Ministry of Truth. His job is to make the final Newspeak dictionary
-Syme talked with Winston regularly and Winston thought that he was too smart for the Party and might pose a threat. Therefore Winston believed he would become an "unperson"
-A couple days later Syme was gone and he had either became an "unperson" or got terminated
-I think Syme represents the fact that no one is safe when you live in a society with such a strict totalitarian regime

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Definition: Sensory imagery is a literary device writers employ to engage a reader's mind on multiple levels. Sensory imagery explores the five human senses: sight, sound, taste, touch, and smell.

Olfactory images: "The hallway smelt of boiled cabbage (…)"
Auditory images: "(...) flapped fitfully in the wind (...)
Tactile images: "It was a bright cold day in April"
Visual images: "It was a bright cold day in April"
Gustatory images: "Chocolate normally was dull-brown crumbly stuff that tasted, as nearly as one could describe it, like the smoke of a rubbish fire"

Sensory imagery such as the smell of boiled cabbage in the hallway really help create the correct setting for the current scene. It also helps the reader visualize the world that Winston live in and the constant pain that he feels being trapped in his own body and living in a world of darkness.

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Examples:
"At one end of it a colored poster (...)"
"(...) with a heavy black moustache (...)"
"(...) vile wind (...)"
"(...) harsh blue (...)" - the sky and everything above us is blue, but the human world is grey and depressive

The use of modifying adjecives such as "heavy black moustache" create a sense of grayness and sadness. This helps to establish the atmosphere as grey, old and hopeless.

The narrator gets to see inside of Winston's head and therefore we see the world through his eyes. Winston thinks and sees the world as gray and hopeless and that makes it unexpected to hear statements like "fruity voice" and "ruggedly handsome features" from the telescreens, being used to describe Big Brother.

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Texture - gritty, ruggedly
Spiraling - swirl, spiral
Hopelessness - cold, old, heavy, black, dust, dulled, sank, dimmed, frail, razor, harsh
Dirt - Vile, gritty, old, dust
Grayness or lack of color - dim, dark, gray, gritty
Fragmentation - dust, torn paper, cut off

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-Julia is a lively spirit who doesn't fully support the Party. She is from a younger generation, but she still has a lot of the same ideals as Winston Smith
-Winston though she might be a spy from the Thought Police, but it turns out she was in love with him and they turn out to be a strong couple who share a lot of the same thoughts
-She's a rebel, but her intention is to make her own life better
-She is focused on the present and wants her life to be as good as it can possibly be in the 1984 society.
-She tells Winston that she had affairs with other Party members which might lead us to believe that she isn't as devoted to Winston as she says
-Just like Winston, she ends up being brainwashed by the Party and becomes an unperson. She couldn't keep her love for Winston either
-Julia can be considered as a symbol of hope and strength against overwhelming enemies since she had been a rebel long before she met Winston

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-The whole book is about two characters who wants to rebel against a totalitarian regime
-Without rebellions there wouldn't be change and if the government makes decisions that people don't agree with then rebelling might be a valuable option
-Many people think that they don't care about politics because it won't affect them as an individual, but during the 60s a saying said "the political becomes personal" because then more people started to realize that most political decisions will affect them in some way

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-Orwell was under surveillance when he wrote the book because the government was afraid that he was a communist
-“Winston kept his back turned to the telescreen. It was safer, though, as he well knew, even a back can be revealing.” - They are being constantly watched and with the usage of propaganda the government has also been able to make people think that the Thought Police can read your mind
-The government has full control over your life and we see similar events in the real world for example in China and North Korea
-With the use of modern technology like bionic scanners, people can be recognized by the way they walk. This opens up for an even more strict survellanced world

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Winston serves as a symbol of truth, justice, and personal freedom. From the first line that we hear about Winston he wants to uncover the truth about the society he lives in. He tries to figure out what life was like before the totalitarianism and how he can achieve freedom

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-Goldstein is the character in charge of The Brotherhood
-He is described as the biggest enemy of the Party and his face is shown on the telescreen during the two minutes of hate
-It's not clear whether or not he actually exists or not, but he is a major inspiration for Winston and he is most likely used to give inspiration the potential rebels so it'll be easier to catch them

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1984 is set in London that's now a part of Oceania. The city is being bombed regularly and everyone except for those who work in the inner party lives in worn down houses and apartments. No one is allowed to express their true feelings, thoughts or deepest desires and if you for some reason do you will most likely become and "unperson". You'll be erased from history and the Ministry of Love will break the little will you had to execute these actions.

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-When you live in a totalitarian regime like the one in 1984, you don't know what reality is like except for what the corrupt government tell you
-George Orwell wrote 1984 with the horrors of WWll in his mind and how Hitler's regime devastated the whole world
-When a totalitarian government rules without any opposition or fight they can make changes to society until no one except the few in the Inner Party knows what a normal society looks like. Eventually the world will be reformed till no one remembers what freedom or independency is

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The rats are a symbol for fear, anxiety and hopelessness since Winston's biggest fear is rats and after he saw rats in his bed he had an anxiety attack. Rats were also the objects that were used to break his in room 101 during his torture session