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The Louisiana Purchase was the imperial rights western half of the Mississippi river from France in 1803. It gave the United States sole authority to take the land from its Native peoples who had lived there.
The price of this was a total of $27,267,622, the largest land bargain in all of U.S history. Louisiana ultimately became apart of the United States making it larger. This had strengthened it federally, materially and strategically. This, of course had effected the native peoples with them population this area.

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The expedition was a U.S military expedition, led by Captain Meriwether Lewis and General William Clark. It was to explore land in the pacific northwest and in the Louisiana Purchase, The expediton was a huge thing in U.S history.

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The First Seminole war was caused by conflict between U.S armed forces and the Seminole indians of Florida. The seminole were a large part of Creek origin. They lived in a northern part of florida, also populated by Africans. Free African Americans who had escaped slavery, All of whom were known as Black Seminoles. Both Seminoles were aligned with the British against the Americans before and during the war of 1812 and were also the targets of frequent raids by militias from georgia, who took runaway slaves as well as land and cattle.

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The Indian Removal Act was the first major legislative departure from the U.S. policy of officially respecting the legal and political rights of the American Indians. The settlement of land east of the Mississippi River made it clear by the mid 1820s that a white man would not tolerate the presence of even peaceful Native peoples there. President Andrew Jackson vigorously promoted this new law, which became The Indian Removal Act of 1830.

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Trail of tears was the forced relocation of the Indigenous peoples in 1830. Including the Cherokee, Creek, Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Seminole, among other tribes. There were multiple mainland routes for this trail, and one major water route that stretched 5,045 miles (about 8,120 km)  across nine states. According to estimates based on tribal and military records, about 100,000 Indigenous peoples were forced from their homes during The Trail of Tears, and about 15,000 died during their travel.

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The war was a conflict between the United States and Mexico, fought from April 1846 to February 1848. Won by the Americans, resulting in the U.S. gaining more than 500,000 square miles (1,300,000 square km) of Mexican territory extending westward from the Rio Grande to the Pacific Ocean. The Mexican-American War reopened the slavery extension issue, which divided the North and South and which had been largely dormant since the Missouri Compromise. Abolitionists saw the war as an attempt by the slave states to extend slavery and enhance their power with the creation of additional slave states out of the soon to be acquired Mexican lands.

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This was a treaty between the United States and Mexico that ended the Mexican war. It was signed at the Villa de Guadalupe Hidalgo, a northern neighbourhood of Mexico City. This treaty drew the boundary between Mexico and the U.S at the Rio Grande and Gila River; for a payment of $15,000,000 the United States had  more than received 525,000 square miles (1,360,000 square km) of land which is now Arizona, California, western Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, and Utah from Mexico.

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The Gold rush was a rapid influx of fortune seekers to the site of the newly found gold deposits. Major gold rushes occurred in the United States, Australia, Canada, and South Africa in the 19th century. The first major gold strike in North America occurred near Dahlonega in Georgia, in the late 1820s. It was the impetus for the Indian Removal Act and led to the Trail of Tears. On January 24 of 1848 while John Sutter was having a sawmill built, his carpenter, James W. Marshall, found gold. Sutter and Marshall agreed to become partners, and despite their best efforts to keep their find a secret, they were soon besieged by thousands of fortune seekers who camped out under conditions that only the promise of gold could make them endure. The following year about 80,000 “forty-niners” (as the fortune seekers of 1849 were called) had stampeded to the California goldfields, and 250,000 of them had made it there by 1853.

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In 1849, Californians sought statehood and, after heated debate in the U.S. Congress arising out of the slavery issue, California entered the Union as a free, non-slavery state by the Compromise of 1850. California became the 31st state on September 9, 1850. What then was the problem that provoked a heated debate in Congress and delayed California statehood? As it turned out, California's application got entangled with the slavery dispute between northern and southern states. In the early 19th century the country functioned under provisions of the 1820 Missouri Compromise.

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Gadsden Purchase, also called Treaty of La Mesilla, transaction that followed the conquest of much of northern Mexico by the United States in 1848. Known in Mexican history as the sale of the Mesilla Valley, it had gave nearly 30,000 additional square miles to the United States (78,000 square km) of southern Arizona and New Mexico for $10 million.

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They were several ordinances enacted by the United States Congress for the purpose to establish and keep orderly and equitable procedures for the settlement and political incorporation of the Northwest Territory. i.e that part of the American Frontier lying west of Pennsylvania, north of the Ohio River, east of the Mississippi River, and south of the Great Lakes; this is the area known today as the American Midwest. Up until about the 1780s the lands of the Northwest Territory were claimed by several existing states. Including New York and Virginia. Those states soon ceded their territorial hold to the central government, except for Connecticut, which maintained its hold over the Western Reserve along the shore of Lake Erie in what is known as northeastern Ohio. By the time the American Revolution ended in 1783, certain measures were needed to guide the settlement and division of the Northwest Territory.
The Ordinance of 1784, drafted by Thomas Jefferson and passed by the Congress on April 23, 1784, had divided the territory to a handful of self-governing districts.

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The Oregon Trail was an overland trail between Independence, Missouri, and Oregon City, near present day Portland, Oregon and Willamette River Valley. It was one of the two main emigrant routes to the American West in the 19th century, the other being southerly Santa Fe Trail from Independence to Santa fe; Now in New Mexico. In addition, branches from each main trail provided connections to destinations in California, a spur of the northerly Oregon Trail, led to the Great Salt Lake region of what is now Utah.

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born 1842(?), near present-day Rapid City, South Dakota, U.S.—died September 5, 1877, Fort Robinson, Nebraska

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Crazy horse was a Sioux chief, His Sioux name was Ta-sunko-witko. He was born near present day Rapid City, South Dakota, U.S -- He had died September 5th, 1877, Fort Robinson, Nebraska. As early as 1856 Crazy Horse was a leader in his peoples defiance of U.S plans to construct a road to the goldfields in Montana. He had participated in the massacre of Captain William J. Fetterman and his troop of 80 men as well as in the Wagon Box fight, both near Fort Phil Kearny, in Wyoming Territory. Crazy Horse led his followers to unceded buffalo country, where they continued to hunt, fish and wage war against enemy tribes as well as whites. When the gold had been discovered in the Black Hills, in Dakota Territory in 1874, prospectors disregarded Sioux treaty rights and swarmed onto their Native reservation there. General George Crook thereupon set out to force Crazy Horse from his winter encampments in the tongue and Powder rivers in Montana, but the Chief simply retreated deeper into the hills. Joining Chyenne forced, he took part in a surprise attack on Crook in the rosebud valley in southern Montana, forcing Crook's withdrawal. He has then moved north to unite with the main Sioux encampment of Chief Sitting Bull on the bangs of the Little Bighorn River, where he helped annihilate a battalion of U.s soldiers under Lieutenant Colonel George A. Custer. He and his followers then returned to the hill country to resume their old ways. He was pursued by Colonel Nelson A. Miles in a stepped-up army campaign to force all Native Americans to come to the government agencies, having his tribe weakened by hunger and cold, Crazy Horse finally surrendered to General Crook at the Red Cloud Agency. Confined to Fort Robinson, he was killed in a scuffle with soldiers who were trying to imprison him.

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He was an American lawyer and politician, a leader in the Texas Revolution who later served as president of the Republic of Texas and someone who was instrumental in Texas’s becoming a U.S. state. In his youth he had moved with his family to a farm in rural Tennessee after the death of his father in 1807. He had ran away in his mid-teens and lived for nearly three years with the Cherokee indians in eastern Tennessee. There he had took the name Black Raven and had learned the Cherokee language, skills and customs. Houston thus developed a rapport with them which was unique for his day. As a consequence, after service in the War of 1812 and an interlude of the study and teaching, in 1817 Houston became a U.S subagent assigned to manage the removal of the Cherokee from Tennessee to a reservation in the Arkansas Territory. Then he had returned to Nashville to practice law and from 1823 to 1827 served as a U.S. congressman. He was elected governor of Tennessee in 1827. After a brief unsuccessful marriage to Eliza Allen in 1829, he resigned his office; he again sought refuge among the Cherokee and was formally adopted into the tribe. He twice went to Washington, D.C., to expose frauds practiced upon the Indians by government agents and in 1832 was sent by President Andrew Jackson to Texas, then a Mexican province to negotiate Indian treaties for the protection of U.S. border traders. When Houston had arrived in Texas it had coincided with a heated argument between settlers and the Mexican government for control of the area. He established a home there by 1833, and he quickly emerged as one of the settlers’ main leaders. When they rose in rebellion against Mexico in November 1835, he was chosen commander in chief of their army. The revolt suffered reverses during the winter, but on April 21, 1836 Houston and a force of roughly 900 Texans surprised and defeated 1,200 to 1,300 Mexicans under Antonio López de Santa Anna at the Battle of San Jacinto. This triumph secured Texan independence and was followed by Houston’s election as president  of the Republic of Texas. He was influential in gaining the admission of Texas to the United States in 1845. Houston was elected one of the new state’s first two senators, serving as a Union Democrat from 1846-1859. His views on the preservation of the union were unpopular with the Texas legislature, however, and on the eve of the Civil War he was not reelected—although he was chosen governor once more in 1859. In this position he tried unsuccessfully to prevent the secession of his state in 1861, and upon his refusal to swear allegiance to the Confederacy, he was declared deposed from office in March.

He spent his last two years quietly at home in Huntsville with Margaret Lea, his wife from 1840 and mother of his eight children. The city of Houston, Texas, was named in his honour.