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- Austria agreed it and would not attack without the full mobilization of the Austro-Hungarian Army
- The ultimatum demanded that Serbia formally and publicly condemn the "dangerous propaganda" against Austria-Hungarian army
- Just before Serbia replied, Russia ordered a (kind of) secret mobilization of its army
- Russia thought that the conflict between Austria and Serbia was Germany's fault and Russia should intervene

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- Heir to Austrian throne, Franz Ferdinand, visits Sarajevo (capital of Bosnia); Austria had recently taken over Sarajevo
- This created a hot spot for Serbian nationalism
- The Black Hand Group: secret military society formed in 1901 by officers in the Army of the Kingdom of Serbia
- The "Black Hand" terrorists attack the Archduke
- Bomb attempt fails in the morning
- Gavrilo Princip shoots Archduke and wife in the afternoon
- Austria blamed Serbia for supporting terrorists
- Austria sought to inflict a military blow to demonstrate its own strength and clam down Serbian nationalists
- Germany guaranteed support but urged Austria to attack quickly while sympathy for Ferdinand was high
- But instead, Austrian leaders discussed into mid-July and decided that Austria would give Serbia a harsh ultimatum

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- The original Schlieffen Plan was adopted by Helmuth von Moltke, chief of German General Staff at time
- Decided it was best to invade through Belgium
- German troops mobilize and begin to invade Belgium (August 1914)
- But... the invasion of Belgium violated The Treaty of London (1839) signed by all major European powers (agreed to recognize Belgium's independence and neutrality)
- Because of this... Great Britain declared war on Germany

1905:
- the Schlieffen Plan was a battle plan first proposed in 1905 by Alfred, Graf von Schlieffen, chief of the German general staff
- was developed to respond to issue of potentially having to fight a war on their western and eastern fronts
- the German forces would swoop south, delivering a blow through Flanders, Belgium and onward to Paris

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- The Schlieffen plan fails
- Germany did not think that Britain would get involved so fast
- Russia was also faster than expected
- French and British armies were tougher than expected
- Allied forces were outnumbered by the Germans
- The war ended on the 11th hour on the 11th day of the 11th month in 1918

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The US senate declares war against Germany and later on Austria-Hungary

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- The Germans received news that Kaiser Wilhelm ll had abdicated and instructions from the new government that they should sign the armistice
- After the armistice the world waited for 6 months for the final draft of the peace treaty

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Woodrow proposes his 14 point plan for world peace

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Paris Peace Conference
- Participants
- France: George Clemenceau
- Britain: David Lloyd George
- U.S: Woodrow Wilson
- Italy: Vittorio Orlando
- 5 Treaties made up the Peace of Paris
- one each with Germany, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, Turkey
- of the 5, the Treaty of Versailles with Germany was signed on June 28th

*President Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points
1. No more secret agreements (open covenants openly arrived at)
2. Free navigation of all seas
3. An end to all economic barriers

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- Treaty of Versailles held Germany responsible for war and imposed harsh penalties on the Germans
- Germany had to pay a repreparations clause

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Technology 1 - bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide 

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Technology 1 - bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide 

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During WW1, chemical warfare became more present. The most commonly used gas was bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide, also known as mustard gas. In pure liquid form the substance is colourless, but in WW1 impure forms of the chemical were used. The impure form was mustard coloured and had odor reminiscent of garlic or horseradish. Mustard gas caused sever chemical burns, with blisters oozing yellow fluid. Initial exposure is symptomless, and by the time skin irritations begins, it is too late to take preventative measures. The mortality rate from mustard gas was only 2-3% but those who suffered chemical burns and respiratory problems had long hospitalizations and if they recovered they had a higher risk for developing cancers later in life.

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A machine gun is a fully automatic, rifled autoloading firearm designed for sustained direct fire with rifle cartridges. the improved machine guns were some of the most useful technologies there was. it was invented by Hiram Maximin 1884. it allowed them to move quickly while shooting many.

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Would create less human involvement in war and allow for less casualties. However, could be unpredictable and unsafe.

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Battle of Verdun, (February 21–December 18, 1916), World War I engagement in which the French repulsed a major German offensive. It was one of the longest, bloodiest, and most-ferocious battles of the war; French casualties amounted to about 400,000, German ones to about 350,000. Some 300,000 were killed.

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The Battle of Cantigny, fought May 28, 1918 was the first major American battle and offensive of World War I. The U.S. 1st Division, the most experienced of the five American divisions then in France and in reserve for the French Army near the village of Cantigny, was selected for the attack. The Battle of Cantigny was also the smallest war (fued) in WW1.