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Jade Cong, 3,300-2,200 BCE, Neolithic China, Unit 1

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Form - It is made from jade, with very precise engravings, congs were important in the culture therefore they were made from jade.
Function - Congs showed power as well as wealth, they protected in the afterlife and told one what happens after death. Found in graves but with no writing to the reason is unknown.
Content - There are lines and circles from animals, humans and monsters faces on each corner, maybe deities. May represent heaven and earth, jade is linked with virtues; durability subtlety, and beauty.
Context - Found buried with the dead, no written record and appears in burials of people with high rank. The culture of the cong is from the Yangtze delta which had a sophisticated neolithic culture.

The Jade Cong related to the theme of art for religious/funerary purposes because it was found in graves and were used for ritual or religious purposes.

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Votive Figures, 2700 BCE, Modern Tell Asmar Iraq, Unit 2a

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Form - Small figures with current hair and fashion styles, males had bare chest with pleated skirts along with beards with curls, the females had one shoulder covered. Their hands were clasped holding small beakers, with eyes wide and attentive.
Function - There were used as a virtual stand in for prayer.
Content - There exaggerated eyes represent alertness and constant prayer to the gods, some had inscription with names of people and specific prayers. There were different heights with symbolized hierarchy of scale.
Context - Representing everyday people who had to spread on art. None have been found in situ, hundreds survived and were found buried in a grouping.

The Votive Figures relate to the theme of art for religious/funerary purposes, because they were used as a virtual stand in for prayer.

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Tutankhamen's Tomb, 1323 BCE, New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty, Unit 2b

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Form - Had three coffins for the Pharaoh's body, the outer two coffins were made out of wood and covered with stones like lapis lazuli. The inner coffin was made out of solid gold, and was found with a death mask on.
Function - Egyptians used as a road map for the afterlife spell protects the various limbs of Tutankhamen as he moves into the underworld. The sarcophagus was meant to preserve and protect the pharaoh in the afterlife.
Content - Pharaohs are gold like (kind is divine in the afterlife) on the shoulders were a death mask made of cold and had spell 151B on the back of it. Wears a fake beard that shows his god like features.
Context - Elaborate sarcophagus' were only meant for kinds and the rich. Tutankhamen lived from 1332-1323 BCE and living a short life of only 18 years.

Tutankhamen's Tomb relates to the theme of art for religious/funerary purposes because it was created for Tutankhamen for burial and there were many things in his grave that were to help him into the afterlife.

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Grave Stele of Hegeso, 410 BCE, High Classical Greek, Unit 2c

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Form - Hegeso is wearing a chiton, seated on a chair with her feet resting on an elaborate footstool, in her left hand she holds an open pyxis. In her right hand she holds a piece of jewelry that was originally painted, at which she is directing her gaze.
Function - Intended purpose is a grave marker which is very personalized.
Content - It shows a women examining a piece of jewelry box handed to her by a maid servant, may represent her dowry.
Context - May serve to define the female within a social framework. From 450 BCE on,  a law by Pericles stated that any Athenian citizen needed to have a mother who was the daughter of another citizen.

The Grave Stele of Hegeso is related to the theme of art for religious/funerary purpose because it is a grave maker which is funerary and is very personalized.

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Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus, 250 CE, Late Imperial, Unit 2d

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Form - The Romana look ideal and good, while the goths(their enemies) look more exaggerated with puffy noses and cheeks. All the figures are piled on one another and there is really no space between them.
Function - Meant to hold the body of an important or wealthy person and depicts a famous battle scene.
Content - The tomb depicts a battle between the Romans and the barbaric Goths. The Romans are shown as the ideal soldier, while the goths are shown more roughed up, the leader in the middle has an X on his forehead that may represent victory over death.
Context - Created during the Crisis of the Third Century, a battle scenes like this were depicted in Roman art. It is about 25 other Sarcophagus' made during this time, although it is one of the last ones made.

The Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus is related the theme of art for religious/funerary purposes because it was a sarcophagus meant to hold the body of an important or wealthy person and depicts a famous battle scene.

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Rottgen Piete, C. 1300 CE, Late German Gothic, Unit 3a

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Form - Carved from wood, and has exploding blood(movement). With detailed crown of thorns, expressive figure of Virgin Mary.
Function - Pietas were used a devotional images for prayer and religious interaction. Meant to evoke emotion from the audience.
Content - The sculptor of the Röttgen Pietà portrayed Christ as a stunted, distorted human wreck, stiffened in death and covered with streams of blood gushing from a huge wound. The Virgin, who cradles him as if he were a child in her lap, is the very image of maternal anguish, her oversized face twisted in an expression of unbearable grief.
Context - Serves to connect the viewer to God on an emotional, human level. Pietas were common in Germany in the 1200s. An andachtsbild, used for private devotion.

The Rottgen Pieta relates to the theme of art for religious/funerary purposes because it shows the Virgin Mary holding Jesus a main figure of religion and was used for private devotion.

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Great Mosque at Cordova, c. 785-786 CE, Umayyad, Unit 3b

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Form - The repeating elements establishes a steady rhythm within the structure. Mosaics inscriptions from the Auran, and brilliant color line interior.
Function - To demonstrate the presence and permanence of the transplanted Umayyads in Cordoba, built this mosque in Cordoba on the site of Christian church. This appropriation of a Christian site made a statement about tht region and the power of the new rules.
Content - The interior space seems magnified by its repeated geometry, sense of awe and monumentality. The courtyard has a fountain in the middle orange grove, covered walkway circling the courtyard minaret.
Context - Began as a roman temple, the temple was converted to a church by Visigoths, who seized Cordoba in 572 CE. Completely rebuilt by the descendants of the exiled Umayyads as a mosque.

The Great Mosque at Cordova relates to the theme of art for religious purposes because it was used as a roman temple than as a mosque.

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Reliquary of Sainte-Foy, 1050-1130 CE, Romanesque, Unit 3c

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Form - Among the richest of the cloister crafts was metalworking. The work of the metal smith might become a special kind of treasure when jewels donated by pilgrims were attached to a piece.
Function - The Reliquary of Sainte Foy is a 33-½ inch wooden statue covered in gold and gemstones. The reliquary holds the skull of Sainte Foy in the bust, which is made from a repurposed Roman helmet.
Content - The engraved image shows the parallel of Sainte Foy’s martyrdom and Jesus Christs crucifixion. Gold and valuable material emphasizes the importance of this figure and the relics.
Context - Sainte Foy (English: Saint Faith) was born in the third century CE in the French city of Agen. She became a martyr for the Christian faith when she was killed by the Romans for refusing to worship pagan gods. She was believed to have only been twelve years old when she died.

The Reliquary of Sainte-Foy relates to the theme of art for religious/furnary purposes because it shows the parallel of Sainte Foy’s martyrdom and Jesus Christs crucifixion.

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Calling of Saint Matthew, 1597-1601, Italian Baroque, Unit 3d

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Form - Light comes in from two sources creating a tenebroso (dramatic light and dark) effect. Thin line of a halo for Jesus.
Function - One of the three paintings illustrating the life of Saint Matthew in a chapel dedicated to him by the Contarelli family. To help the viewer feel passion and emotion for the biblical characters.
Content - The painting depicts the story from the Gospel of Matthew (Matthew 9:9): "Jesus saw a man named Matthew at his seat in the custom house, and said to him, "Follow me", and Matthew rose and followed Him." Caravaggio depicts Matthew the tax collector sitting at a table with four other men.
Context - After a period of austerity and withdrawal from lavish art, Catholic church experienced a revival in Rome. Made to make people feel an overpowering emotional response to Catholic-inspired art.

The Calling of Saint Matthew relates to the theme of art for religious/funerary purposes because it depicts the story from the Gospel of Matthew.