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Post French and Indian war Britain was heavily in debt and needed a way to pay back said debt. Britain’s main way was taxing their colonies, more specifically the American colonies. The colonies and Britain are separated by a whole ocean, therefore Britain imposed the navigation acts to get the colonies to be more dependent on Britain by restricting its trade. However, this further continued the self sufficient nature of the colonies at that time.

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The stamp act was one of many taxes imposed by the British empire on the American colonies. This tax was heavily disliked by the colonists because of its nature. The stamp act put a tax on all paper documents and printed goods, newspapers, cards, even forms of legal documents could be taxed. The colonists were enraged by this act, and it’s the law that caused the quote “No taxation without representation” to be created.

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Just like the stamp act, the tea act was one of many attempts from Britain to get money from the American colonies. The tea act imposed a tax on tea, which the colonists also disliked. The tea act also made the British East India company able to trade with the colonies directly. This made the colonies more dependent on the empire, which the colonies disliked heavily.

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In late 1773, a political group known as the sons of liberty decided to make a protest about the tea act. They did this by taking literal tons of tea and dumping it into the Boston harbor, this heavily enraged the British. As a reaction to the Boston tea party, Britain imposes many laws and regulations that even further lowered colonial support for the empire.

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After revolutionary ideas started to spread rapidly throughout the colonies, and the first act of the war of independence, the American colonies decide to officially declare independence. Many important figures in the American colonies would come together and draft the Declaration of Independence, inspired by the enlightenment ideas from Europe. The declaration was a message to Britain, saying that the colonies were determined to become independent from them.

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The constitution was the form of law in the UD to give it a stable and balanced government after the articles of confederation. The main aspect of the U.S. Constitution was its separation of powers, which is an enlightenment concept. The U.S. government was split into 3 different branches that all check each other’s power, in order to prevent a single powerful ruler. The Constitution also includes the bill of rights, which preaches freedom for the citizens of the United States of America, which again is an enlightenment concept.

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Is what to be considered one of the first, but not the start of, the French Revolution. In the oath the lowest estate, which was also the majority, formed an assembly in the Versailles Palace. They swore not to leave the palace until they formed a new constitution for France, actively spreading revolutionary ideas. This would prove to be one of many pushes for a French Revolution.

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Under French rule, the colony of Haiti was used as an intense farm, with thousands upon thousands of slaves being crammed into this small island. In fact, there were so many slaves that they heavily outnumbered the slave owners by large margins. This revolution starts when ex-military Toussaint L’Ouverture leads an intense slave revolt in the hundreds of thousands.

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The execution of Louis XVI marks the end of the French Revolution. Due to his lavish spending, and therefore extensive debt, revolution was imminent. After the kings death the Jacobean party and it’s leader Robespierre caused what is know and the “Reign of Terror” in France. France would be in this era of bloodshed until it’s next ruler came.

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The reign of terror is a name given to one of the most bloody periods in French history. Lead by Robespierre, the Jacobean party lead a violent leadership in the absence of Louis XVI. They were merciless, publicly executing many French citizens. This terror would last for a little under a year, until Robespierre himself would be executed for causing so much chaos.

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Before Haiti becomes truly independent, Toussaint L’Ouverture gets betrayed and and captures, but after all the chaos in Haiti it finally becomes independent from France. This marks the first time in history when people of color who have been oppressed have not only fought back but won against their oppressors. Later, many other revolts in Latin America would occur, trying to escape the Spanish empire.

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In absence of a leader, France desperately needed one, and so one came. Napoleon was a war general that was widely popular in the nation, he was even considered the “Hero of France.” However, napoleon had a bit of an ego, where he crowned himself the emperor of France. Ironically, napoleon spread ideas of lowering the power of absolute rulers despite being an absolute ruler.

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Lead by Simon Bolivar, who is considered to be the “George Washington of Latin America.” He dreamed of a federated Latin America, which unfortunately didn’t come to fruition. However, Bolivar was a major help in liberating many territories in Latin America, the first one being Venezuela. Bolivar would go on to help other revolutionaries in Latin America.

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The battle of Waterloo and Napoleon’s exile (1815)

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The battle of Waterloo and Napoleon’s exile (1815)

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After what seemed to be and endless winning streak for Napoleon, taking territory after territory, his streak suddenly ended. He lost one battle to the British prior, and the battle of Waterloo was the final straw, suddenly ending the reign of Napoleon. He was exiled to the island of St. Helena, where he would be for the rest of his life.

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Jose de San Martin was another Latin American revolutionary, who also was a big help in revolutionizing many Spanish colonies. Jose’s efforts were able to liberate a few Latin nations, one of which being Argentina. Jose actually teamed up with Bolivar at one point but had some trouble over how the liberated nations should’ve been run, at the end Bolivar’s ideas were favored. Jose would die of obscure conditions in Europe.

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The Mexican Revolution was one of the later revolutions in Latin America. It was lead by a priest, Miguel Hidalgo, who carried an improvised army throughout Mexico. Due do Hildalgo’s unprofessional nature, he ended up getting captured and executed, but luckily Jose Morelos, another priest, was able to take Hidalgo’s spot. He was able to make a constitution for Mexico, liberate the nation, give equality to the people, was even so successful that Napoleon implied him to be one of the best generals on earth.