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International Trade in endangered Species (Brennan S.C)

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International Trade in endangered Species (Brennan S.C)

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Biodiversity conservation of International trade in endangered species is to protect endangered species like plants or animals to ensure sustainable species trade. The specific goal involves about 180 countries to try to ensure that the International trade of species creates no threat to the species' survival. The method involves organizations adhering to treaty rules voluntarily. All exports, imports and re-exports of species on the CITES list must be authorized via a licensing system. Both countries involved in the trade of the species. The limitations are how certain protected species are trafficked by countries that have not agreed with CITES, giving them more leeway. However CITES has helped protect many species in healthy trade.

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European union common fisheries policy (niyah B)

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European union common fisheries policy (niyah B)

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Describe

There are hundreds of national laws that restrict people from reaching some point. European union common fisheries policy that sets the rules for fishing fleets in EU waters. Their goal is to ensure the sustainable management and conservation of fish stock in EU waters .

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marine conservation zones are national zones with great importance protected by law to protect rare and endangered species there are specific zones that have a more vast network of protection to protect certain marine factors there are many zones that have different purpose but they all work together. the difficulty is that at sea there are many extraneous variables like weather this makes it harder for these zones to be protected and makes it easier for hunter to hunt endangered animals also the is very vas so most of it hasn't been explored there are some parts that need protection but don't have it.

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4.2.4  International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) 

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4.2.4  International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) 

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Describe

There are various methods that the IUCN particularly use to conserve the environment. One of these methods is providing clean water, maintain essential life support systems, and the recycling of nutrients. Each species on the IUCN's Red List is allocated to a particular category of extinct, critically endangered, near threatened, least concern ( species with a low risk of going extinct) and data deficient.)

Evaluate

There are both positive and negative aspects to the legislation and protocols. A positive note would be that the IUCN works to protect plant, animal, and fungi species and habitats needed for their survival, which is central to the purpose of the list of species the organization produces. However the main negative aspect of these methods is that there may be species that should be on the Red List that are not. Documentation regarding sources of data are not always properly maintained, therefore making them not valid. If this information is not correctly documented, the legislation and protocols will not help contribute to biodiversity conservation.

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Habitat conservation takes on different forms. Rewilding reintroduces new species into an area that sustain a level of damage. Extractive reserves allot land to communities to protect and utilize its resources. The aim of habitat conservation deals with species extinction, fragmentation and range reduction. Although processes like rewilding can interfere with other process like agriculture and forestry.

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Rewilding, the process of restoring an area of land to its natural state, also gives species and communities room to grow. As a result, the population is enhanced by reintroducing native species. Both of these effects increases biodiversity while the ecosystem's health improves. Habitat conservation addresses species extinction, habitat fragmentation, and species range reduction. By protecting the whole habitat, every species benefits and can, therefore, lead to more diversity of the plants and animals there. Extracted reserves, areas of land where resource rights are limited to local communities, help people be more inclined to protect resources and prevent harm to them. By this method, biodiversity is optimized.

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Habitat conservation is a method that seeks to conserve, create, and protect habitats to prevent extinction. This can be executed with techniques like extractive reserves and national parks.

These techniques are moderately effective. Extractive resources encourage people to protect natural resources from harm because they are beneficial to the people, but that doesn't always mean that's the case. People still have access to these resources which can cause them to have a likelihood of being harmed. National parks have almost have the same outcome. While nature parks allow species to be healthy and thriving, they also grant access to people who could potentially harm the animals and the habitat.

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The IWC put regulations in place for the management and conservation of global whaling. These regulations introduced zero catch limits for commercial whaling which means that no whales can be retained/kept when commercial whaling. Communities whose survival depends on whaling are still able to catch and keep the whales, with limitations.

The amount of whales being caught is still too high. This may be the cause of illegal whaling, and the cause of members not following the limitations. The IWC fails to actively punish members who do not comply.

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ITTO (International Tropical Timber Organization) 

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ITTO (International Tropical Timber Organization) 

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Describe:

ITTO develops policies to encourage sustainable forest management and sustainable tropical timber harvest and trade. They go on about this by helping and guiding countries to adapt to guidelines set by local industries.

Evaluate:

ITTO is most likely one of the most efficient ways for bringing protection to keeping sustainable forest management. It makes sure to internationally spread the policy to make sure it reaches as many areas as possible and make the most out of the benefiting policy. It helps implement projects associated with forest restoration. Although, there are limitations mentioned. Illegal trades tend to occur within the larger areas in the forest since they work as a blind spot. It may be one limitation but these illegal trades play a big part into the source of deforestation in areas.

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captive breeding in regards to Sumatran Rhinos (Olivia Lunsman and Jessica Mondragon)

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captive breeding in regards to Sumatran Rhinos (Olivia Lunsman and Jessica Mondragon)

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describe-

captive breeding is the breeding of endangered species in captivity, with the goal of releasing them back into the wild areas in the future.

The captive breeding began in Malaysia. They obtained 14 rhinos. 4 males and 10 females from USA and Malaysia. They took these rhinos with the intention to bring back the declining population. Eventually a place was built to house the rhinos and ensure proper care.

evaluate

pros-

A Sumatran rhino sanctuary was built

cons-

Many of the females began having reproductive issues.

It didn't really help the rhinos population. Only 6 were born in 34 years

The rhinos behavioral and dietary issues were hard to meet.

The females reproductive issues are still not fully understood by scientists.

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There are many national laws that help protect biodiversity, one law is the Endangered Species Act that makes the killing of any species on the endangered species list illegal and prosecutable. Anyone who breaks this law will be either fined or have to serve jail time.

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Regulation of sustainable harvesting (Eden)

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Regulation of sustainable harvesting (Eden)

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Describe:

-Harvesting permits: you must get a permit before harvesting plants

-Optimal Harvesting: limits the amount of plants they can harvest at once

-Systematic Random Sampling: set area that people are allowed to harvest from

Evaluate:

-Harvesting permits:

*pros: limits how many people can harvest, makes it more selective of who can harvest

*cons: one person can still take a lot

-Optimal harvesting:

*pros: lets the ecosystem replenish

*cons: might not be enough distributed to people

-Systematic random sampling:

*pros: most the land can be untouched

*cons: the harvested area can be run dry

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National parks are protected landscapes, wildlife, and natural features of large areas. Parks can be natural or semi-natural or both. National parks use a method of conserving biodiversity by having national laws. However, this method may not work because visitors are allowed even if under special conditions.

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Describe- Natural reserves are designed to protect a particular habitat. This can be achieved by giving legally designated by government, private landowners, or researcher institution

Evaluate- There are Pro's/ Con's when coming to natural reserves. Nature reserves are managed for the purpose of conversation and protection of natural resources. But they are usually used as an opportunity for scientific research.

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The role of EDGE in the conservation of biodiversity is to raise funds and awareness of the need for conservation of endangered species. EDGE is the specifically interested in protecting the species that are close to being extinct. They also represent unique and irreplaceable species or animals on the verge of extinction. EDGE is a worldwide conservation initiative mainly prioritizing on species with unique evolutionary histories and are now threatened. Human activities such as deforestation and urbanisation, threaten these species which represent billions of years of evolution.

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Captive Breeding is the breeding of endangered species in captivity with the plan of later releasing them into protected wild areas. Before they are released, the animals are taught survival skills possibly lost or not learned and given a monitored "soft release" to give them the best chance at survival. While there may be negatives, the inherent pro of giving animals a safe area to increase its population without having to forage for food or be hunted outweighs the fore mentioned cons.

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Describe

Evaluate