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What is Shigellosis?

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Shigellosis is a STI that causes an infection of the intestines. The infection that Shigellosis causes in the intestines is called gastroenteritis.

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Shigellosis is caused by the bacteria Shigella. There are four types of Shigella that causes Shigellosis.

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United States Strand of Shigella

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Worldwide common strand of Shigella that makes up 60% of documented cases.

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Strand found most in the Indian Subcontinent.

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Found mostly in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa continents. Type 1 of this strand is lethal with a 5 to 15% fatality rate.

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Shigellosis is transmitted through Anal to Oral sex from contaminated feces. Transmission also occurs through hand to mouth, if hands are exposed to toys or anything contaminated by the fecal matter during the sexual encounter.

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Most who are infected with Shigellosis do not have symptoms. Although, symptoms may include:

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Shigella the bacteria that causes Shigellosis, is usually transmitted through contaminated food from unclean hands. So for newborns who eat infected food, they are subject to the same symptoms as adults. However, when the bacteria causes shigellosis it causes severe problems in pregnancy.

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Harms that Shigellosis causes in Pregnancy

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Harms that Shigellosis causes in Pregnancy

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Shigellosis causes uterine contractions and cervical changes during pregnancy. This has led to miscarriages and premature births in some cases.

The picture attached to this slide is Shigellosis attacking an embryonic stem cell.

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Doctors usually advise those with Shigellosis to allow the STI to run its course which lasts 5 to 7 days; Although the bacteria (Shigella) lasts in the body for six week after symptoms.

However, people with weakened immune systems such as those with cancer or HIV/AIDS are given antibiotics to shorten the duration of the STI. If antibiotics are not given to an immunocompromised patient, the patient runs into the danger of the STI infiltrating the blood.

Also if dehydration occurs whilst the person has the STI, fluids will be given.

Doctors advise patients with Shigellosis to refrain from sex until symptoms subside or refrain from sex for a month after STI symptoms are gone.

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Shigellosis is diagnosed by a stool sample given to their doctor by the ill patient.

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As stated before, Shigellosis symptoms usually clear in about 5 to 7 days and the bacteria leaves the body after six weeks. However, rare cases of long term effects have occurred due to the strand: Shigella Flexneri. Long Term effects include:

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Reiter's Syndrome is an inflammatory type of arthritis that develops due to an infection. However symptoms of this syndrome are: joint pain and stiffness, eye inflammation, frequent and uncomfortable urination, pain in other parts of the body, and ulcers.

(The picture of this syndrome was too graphic.)

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Reiter's Syndrome left untreated can manifest into Chronic Arthritis. Chronic Arthritis is a non-curable, long lasting pain in the joints. Symptoms of Chronic Arthritis are: Pain, Stiffness, Tenderness, Swelling, Redness, Warmth, and Weakness.

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IBS stands for Irritable Bowel Syndrome. This is a disorder that affects the gastrointestinal tract, stomach, and intestines. Symptoms include: Cramping, Bloating, Diarrhea, Constipation, and Abdominal Pain.