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1.  How much air pollution was there?  Where did it come from?

Indoor air pollution from burning wood using animal and vegetable oils.

2. How much water pollution was there?  Where did it come from?

Water pollution from poor waste management causing waterborne diseases.

3. How did humans get most of the energy they needed to survive?

Vegetarianism was the main source of energy for humans,

4. Was conservation being practiced anywhere in the world?  How?

Vegetarianism was mainly practiced by Christians.

5. Why was lead poisoning a problem?

Lead poisoning became a problem as it was used in paint and cosmetics.

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1. How much water pollution was there?

Water pollution was less common in dispersed populations.

2. How much wood was being harvested?  What effects was this having?

A lot of wood was being harvested for fuel, leading to depletion. People had to switch to coal after.

3. In what ways was disease affecting the world?

Diseases spread so much that it lead to the beginning of public health system.

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1.  What causes did people begin to take up to improve the world? The Enlightenment began with a philosophy that valued reason above faith and direct inquiry more than revealed wisdom.

2. What did Thomas Malthus predict? He predicted that food and resources would run out as populations exploded.

3. Give examples of new pollution affecting the world. Water pollution began.

4.  Why did sanitation become so important? Emphasis on science helped to advance knowledge about hygiene.

5. How was the air pollution at this time? Air pollution started to become bad due to advances in the industrial revolution.

6. How was the water pollution at this time? Due to overpopulation rivers quickly became polluted with people’s garbage.

7. What happened when the “Mother of the Forest” was cut down? Its bark was stripped and sent to England to be put on display.

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1. What types of reforms were occurring? Reforms include civil service, state income, and child labor restrictions.

2. What did Theodore Roosevelt fight for? Theodore Roosevelt advocated for a “wise use” of natural resources and an approach that takes the future into account while accommodating some present needs.

3. What new organizations were formed? The American Federation of Labor and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People were formed.

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1.  What was the purpose of the National Coast Anti-Pollution League? The purpose of the National Coast Anti-Pollution League was to stop oil dumping.

2. What type of gasoline was used for the first autos? Leaded gasoline was used for the first autos.

3. What was the chemurgy movement fighting for? The chemurgy movement was fighting for industrial use of renewable agricultural resources.

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1. What lead people to believe there was an air pollution crisis? With the heavy usage of automobiles, smog and bad air quality was formed, causing  people to believe there was an air pollution crisis.

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1. What was the “burning river?”

In 1969, the Cuyahoga River burned due to railroad bridges trapped debris in the river piling up in addition to oil on the water.

2. What is the name of Rachel Carson’s book that started modern environmentalism?

Rachel Catson’s “Silent Spring” started modern environmentalism.

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1. What government agency is founded?

In the 1970s, the Environmental Protection Agency, also known as EPA was founded.

2. How was air pollution reduced?

The clean air act of 1970 where programs were initiated to reduce air pollution. The act establishes federal standards for mobile sources of air pollution and their fuels and for sources of 187 hazardous air pollutants.

3. How was water pollution reduced?

Water pollution was reduced after the Congress passed the Federal Water Pollution Control Act in 1972.

4. What two new sources of pollution begin causing concern?

Air pollution from automobiles and water pollution were two new sources of pollution that began to cause concern.

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1.  What major disasters occurred during this time?

The Bhopal Disaster in India and the Rainbow Warrior bombing in France.

2. What two major issues involving the Earth’s atmosphere arise?

An ozone hole was found over Antarctica in 1985 and, and the Nevado del Ruiz volcano eruption in Colombia.

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1. How did the Gulf War create pollution?

The Gulf War caused massive oil spills  and depleted uranium supplies which led childhood cancer and asthma to rise.

2. What does China construct that causes much controversy?

China constructed mills and factories which contributed to the pollution and industrial waste.

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1. What final act did President Clinton sign into law?

President Clinton left his presidency by protecting about 58 million acres of land and creating more national monuments.

2. How does the Bush presidency handle global warming and climate change?

The Bush presidency was against the Kyoto accords, but created a plan to reduce greenhouse gas omissions.

3. How does the world react to leaded gasoline?

The European Union banned leaded gasoline as a public health hazard in 2000.