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Concrete was discovered by the Romans while quarrying limestone for mortar. They discovered a silica - and alumina - bearing mineral that mixed with limestone and burned, produced cement.

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Cement is made of finely pulverized clay and limestone, it is used as a binder (cement paste mande of cement and water) in concrete and mortar.

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Portland cement: consists primarily of calcium silicates, aluminates and aluminoferrites, it reacts with water and forms a hard paste.

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CONCRETE: A plastic/moldable material made from cement, sand, gravel, and water that sets up to a solid, results in an artificial stone like material.

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-Cast in place

-Precast

-Reinforced concrete

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Based on casting into moulds a mixture of Portland cement, water and aggregate (usually made up of crushed stone and gravel and fine sand). It has a setting time of six hours and a compressive strength that increases and reaches its max over periods of weeks.

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Very high compression strength

High heat storage and thermal conductivity

High durability

Can be moulded in any shape

Different aggregate for a range of effects

Variety of textures, finishes and colors

Economic material

High labour cost

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High emissions of CO2, nitrous oxide and sulfur

Water used to wash the trucks and equipment is highly alkaline and toxic

Small percentage of concrete is recycled

Cement and concrete make up the largest component of constructions and demolition waste

Precast concrete reduces waste

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SURFACE TREATMENT before CONCRETE HAS CURED

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SURFACE TREATMENT before CONCRETE HAS CURED

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SURFACE TREATMENT AFTER CONCRETE HAS CURED

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SURFACE TREATMENT AFTER CONCRETE HAS CURED

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Technically considered a type of unit masonry, but are made using special concrete that is precast into formwork. They are usually cast in metal molds, released

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(ACC) a lightweight, thermally efficient, and structural concrete. It is a silica-rich material that contains sand or fly ash, lime, Portland cement, aluminum p

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The mix is approximately 8 percent water, 3 percent cement, and 89 percent soil.

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It is a combination of cellulose fiber material, Portland cement, silica, sand, water, and other additives. This fiber material provides tensile strength and he

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Concrete that allows partial light transmission through resin or other optic fiber additives. The concrete uses a dry ready-mix concrete product with a thermopl

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 UHPC, high strength concrete, also called reactive powder concrete. This type of concrete does not require steel reinforcement bars or mesh, nor does it requir

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A new technology; its primary feature is a custom-designed graphic that is integrally adhered to the surface of a precast concrete element. 