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David Hume's Theory of Knowledge was influenced by both Newton's scientific view of world and John Locke's Theory of Knowledge. It talks about that our knowledge comes from our experience in life. Hume's view challenges the certainty of human knowledge and how should we trust our knowledge based in our experiences and emotions.

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Marxist Theory was developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. It is about social and political situations wherein the bourgeoisie ( higher class) are the one who have power or lead in the society and the Proletariats ( lower class) are the one who's doing all the labors but didn't get what they deserve. It emphasizes the society we have is truly unfair for the people who are workers and laborers that are working hard in society compared to the life of bourgeoisie or the higher class.

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Class Struggle by Karl Marx  | Marxist Theory Explained

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Socrates are convinced of that a human person is more than just a body, he is a soul that can ask, think or choose what is right. He said that people should always look forward to know their selves and understand the reasons behind their actions and choices. According to Socrates, it is very important to ask questions about existence, truths, and virtue. Socrates famous quote is, “The unexamined life is not worth living,” it that means if we do not think about our actions or learn from them, life loses its meaning when everythings feels so hard.

Socrates also believes that true happiness does not come from money, power or for fame. It comes from having a good and wise soul. He said that a person must be compassionate, be honest, and treat people fairly. Some people didn't agree to his ideas and they made fun of him, but he still kept telling the truths. In the end, he showed that being a good person is more significant than being rich.

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Plato believed that every person has a soul that made of three parts which is the reason, spirit, and desire. He said that the reason should be the one to lead them, spirit should help, and desire needs to be controlled to be a kind person. He believes that humans wants to find truth and get justice by learning about perfect ideas, like the idea of Goodness, which are not seen in the real world. He said that true knowledge comes from our soul, not from what we saw or feelings, because the facts never change. Plato also explained about using the Allegory of the Cave, where people thought that shadows are real, but one person gets out of the cave and sees the reality, and then he shares it with others. He believed that if we become better people through our thinking, learning, and speaking with others. For him, living a good life means using reasons, learning what is truly good, and being fair to ourselves and others people.

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In a World Without Rules, Be Your Own Hero ! 

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In a World Without Rules, Be Your Own Hero ! 

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Friedrich Nietzsche was a German philosopher who believed that a people should create their own meaning in life. He was known for saying “God is dead,” which means that many people no longer obey the old religious or moral rules, so that we must find new values. He also believes that we should not just follow what society says if is right or wrong, instead we should think for ourselves.

Nietzsche talked about the idea of the Übermensch, or “superman,” who is strong, brave, and makes their own decisions. He also shared the idea of the “will to power,” which means our natural desire to grow, succeed, and improve ourselves. He said that life has pain, but we can become stronger if we face it with courage, faith, and confidence. Nietzsche didn't like it when people followed rules without thinking because he wanted us to live with honesty and strength. In the end, he proves that a meaningful life is the one where we think deeply, choose our own path, and become the best version of ourselves.

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Greatest Philosophers In History | Friedrich Nietzsche

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Immanuel Kant's take in "who is the human person?" primarily focuses on evolution. As anthropology is the foundation of human beings. However, Kant failed to fully deliver his insights on anthropology. This states that philosophy is beyond a human-specific inquiry.

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PHILOSOPHY: What is the human being? | Immanuel Kant Series

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In Aristotle's view point, there is no dichotomy between body and soul. As body and soul works together to function properly. It is also mentioned to the video that human is a rational animal; where humans are essentially a animal with a capacity of thought or to think. This resulted for a deeper self-understanding, and recognizing our potentialities and limitations.

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Taoism Theory was created by Tao Tzu, it is about how we should live our life while following his core elements or values in Taoism Theory. The Tao is the foundation or source of everything in our life. According to Tao Tzu we should live our life in the natural way without forcing our way to achieve what we want to have in our life. We should just go to the flow of nature instead of against it, because in that way we can find the purpose and freedom in our life.

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René Descartes has a famous phrase, "I think, therefore I am," which refers to the fact that the capacity for thoughts is proof of one's existence. This idea is from his theory of mind-body dualism, where he explains that the mind and the body are separate entities that interact. The minds characterized as "res cogitans" refer to the thinking substances of one's existence that cannot be measured. While the body called "res extensa" encompasses all physical substances that can be quantified, such as objects. Descartes also employed a method of doubt, systematically questioning all beliefs to discover foundational truths that cannot be doubted. As an illustration of his theory, he explains that when deciding to walk, the mind initiates the thought, and the body responds, demonstrating the interaction between the two distinct substances.

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John Locke was a significant Enlightenment philosopher whose work focused on empiricism and the concept of the tabula rasa. Empiricism, as Locke defined it, is the belief that all knowledge comes from sensory experience, a point emphasized by his famous statement, "No man's knowledge here can go beyond his experience." Locke's tabula rasa theory posits that the human mind begins as a blank slate at birth, shaped entirely by the experiences. Therefore, humans are born without innate knowledge, memory, or experience.

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John Locke - a 5-minute summary of his philosophy