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Check out this Presentation designed by Aika Hasagawa.

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Mochimochs! I’m Aika, your cutie sheep artist and divination witch of MochimochsVille ~♡ ✦• ʚ ♡ ɞ •✦ Business inquiries: aichanxhasegawa@gmail.com ✦• ʚ ♡ ɞ •✦ Live on Fri, Sat, & Sun 22:00 GMT +7 『About me』
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🎀 TH/EN Sometimes you might see my manager(bf) in vid/live! 「CREDITS」
ママ / Live2D Model Artist: https://twitter.com/AmbridaChimes
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Tweets by Playyerteam

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The owl is a potent and enduring symbol of wisdom, knowledge, and perspicacity, particularly in Western culture.

This association primarily stems from Ancient Greek Mythology:

Athena, the Goddess of Wisdom: The owl (specifically the Little Owl, Athene noctua) was the sacred animal and companion of Athena, the Greek goddess of wisdom, crafts, and strategic warfare.

Seeing in the Dark: The owl's ability to see clearly in the darkness was metaphorically linked to Athena's ability to "see the whole truth," providing insight and foresight that others lacked.

Cultural Emblem: The owl became an emblem of Athens, Athena's patron city, and was featured prominently on Athenian coins (the tetradrachm, sometimes called a glaux or "little owl"), solidifying its association with intellectual and cultural prominence.

The Great Horned Owl: Greatest Adirondack Predator

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The adoption and use of the Manga/Anime style in Thai comics, particularly starting in the 20th and 21st centuries, is due to a combination of market forces, stylistic preferences, and cultural shifts.

Based on research on Thai comics, here are the main reasons for the use of the Manga/Anime style:

1. Market Dominance and Affordability

Mass Availability: Pirated manga flooded the Thai market from the 1980s until the early 1990s, making it widely available and highly popular with Thai readers.

Low Cost: Before the passing of a copyright bill in Thailand in 1995, pirated Japanese comics were inexpensive, which contributed to their significant success and popularity over other forms of comics.

Popularity: By 1984, Japanese comics were already more popular than Western or Thai comics, with about three-fourths of children choosing them as favorites.

2. Superior Quality and Modernity

Alternative to Traditional Comics: Manga offered a strong alternative to the existing Thai-style comics, which were seen as declining due to low quality, over-repetition of themes (like simple gags or royalty), and sometimes provocative visuals.

Artistic Preference: Japanese comics were favoured for their sophisticated plots, impressive artwork, and realistic stories. The popularity of Japanese animation was attributed not only to the quantity available in Thailand but also to its quality.

Reflecting Urban Reality: The development of a "Modern Thai Comics" style, influenced by global trends, was sparked by a desire to create narratives that resonated with the reality experienced by the younger generation living in Bangkok, who had embraced global tastes and ideas.

3. Competition and Stylistic Imitation

Market Competition: Thai publishers and cartoonists felt compelled to imitate the Japanese style to compete successfully in the limited domestic market.

Direct Borrowings: This imitation involved direct stylistic borrowings from mainstream manga production, including character designs, page layouts, narrative pacing, and the extensive use of screen tones, action lines, and integrated sound effects.

Style Fusion: Modern Thai comics evolved to combine the Japanese manga style with more art and design techniques. Although heavily influenced by Japanese, American, and European styles, young cartoonists often incorporated Thai culture, lifestyle, and beliefs into their stories and art.

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404 Not Found Page Mascot Commission Brief

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404 Not Found Page Mascot Commission Brief

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25/09/2025 - Talk with Karma

Styles

Arcane

Carles Dalmau

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Google Calendar - Sign in to Access & Edit Your Schedule

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Access Google Calendar with a Google account (for personal use) or Google Workspace account (for business use).

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Micro Project Summative Assessment Presentation

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Check out this Presentation designed by Aika Hasagawa.

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Check out this Presentation designed by Aika Hasagawa.

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Reading and Re-creating: The Adaptation of Manga in Thailand

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Reading and Re-creating: The Adaptation of Manga in Thailand

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Reading and Re-creating: The Adaptation of Manga in Thailand

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Manga (comics) have been a staple of Japanese popular culture for many decades. As a part of Japanese popular culture consumed globally, it has been a prevalent topic for academic investigation for a long time. Outside Japan, manga are disseminated through translation and adaptation. Thailand is among the nations influenced by Japanese manga. Thailand has a long history of importing the Japanese cultural form of manga. Since manga’s first appearance in the nation six decades ago, more than ten thousand Japanese manga volumes of diverse themes and genres have been translated into the local language and distributed. Thailand is among the nations with a large and solid manga reading base. It has become a home to major manga-related events organised annually in the region. Moreover, it has manga-style artists who produce high quality manga works well-regarded in Japan and who have received International Manga Awards. Despite this, the subject of manga in Thailand has not been given enough academic attention either domestically or internationally. My research aims to examine the development of manga as a transnational and globalised cultural product in Thailand. By analysing the adaptation of shōnen action and adventure manga – one of the most consumed manga themes in Thailand, I seek to understand the way Japanese manga is adapted under the influence of globalisation and transnational flows. To carry out my research, I examine two of the most influential Japanese shōnen action and adventure series from two different eras – Dragon Ball and One Piece, and one Thai manga of the same genre titled Ogre King.

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“Go Away”: The Complicated History of Manga in Thailand, from Mixed Receptions to Selective Adoptions

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“Go Away”: The Complicated History of Manga in Thailand, from Mixed Receptions to Selective Adoptions

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"Hello friends of Thailand" wrote mangaka Tezuka Osamu in the short column he composed for the first issue of his Thai-translated series Jungle Emperor Leo in 1968. Manga had just entered the thriving Thai market. Foreign comics participated to a creative maelstrom with cartoonist Raj Lersroung applying the Filipino inking technique to his 1970 Bat Ghost comics, a startling amalgamation of Batman and Kamen no Ninja Akakage. Artists kept up with the trends while Japanese live-action and animated TV series took over Thai screens.

By 1983, a majority of Bangkokian children preferred Japanese comics over Thai ones. Local cartoonists and scholars expressed bitter feelings and mixed receptions towards the Doraemon phenomenon. Tutelar artist Payut Ngaokrachang ultimately asked visiting Japanese cartoonists who wanted to meet him to simply "go away." Within ten years, the local trade would be swept away, unable to compete with unlicensed Japanese comics. The 1995 national copyright bill helped the local scene to rise again, with the surprising assistance of Japanese publishers which required magazines to feature Thai comics along with their manga series.

The new generation of Thai artists was heavily influenced by manga styles which they applied to Thai traditional folktales or challenged to question Thai identity in a globalized world like in Suttichart Sarapaiwanich's alternative comics. From Thai mangaka Wisut Ponnimit and his beloved Japan-originated Mamuang character to Izary addressing rape culture in her shōjo-inspired pages, this seminar aims to explore the unique ways Thai cartoonists responded to the growing popularity and influence of manga since the 1960s in their country.
About the Speaker
Nicolas Verstappen is a Belgian lecturer and comics scholar at the International Program of the Faculty of Communication Arts, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand. He is the author of the Eisner Award-nominated book The Art of Thai Comics: A Century of Strips and Stripes (River Books, 2021). His academic research mainly focuses on the History of Thai Comics, Comics as a Language of Symptoms of Psychic Trauma, and Experimental Comics Composition. Numerous works by his students are displayed on his website From Dusk Till Drawn.

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"Go Away": The Complicated History of Manga in Thailand, from Mixed Receptions to Selective Adoptions

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"Hello friends of Thailand" wrote mangaka Tezuka Osamu in the short column he composed for the first issue of his Thai-translated series Jungle Emperor Leo in 1968. Manga had just entered the thriving Thai market.

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Senseless or Sensible?: The Values of Manga (Japanese Comics) as a Popular Cultural Product in the Thai Society

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Senseless or Sensible?: The Values of Manga (Japanese Comics) as a Popular Cultural Product in the Thai Society

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Senseless or Sensible?: The Values of Manga (Japanese Comics) as a Popular Cultural Product in the Thai Society | Thai Journal of East Asian Studies

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“หยุดอ่านการ์ตูนได้แล้ว มันไม่มีประโยชน์” เป็นสิ่งที่ผู้ปกครองหลายคนพร่ำสอนบุตรหลาน สำหรับผู้ปกครองแล้ว มังงะไม่ใช่หนังสือที่มีคุณค่าสมควรอ่าน แต่เป็นหนังสือที่มีความเพ้อฝัน ตื้นเขิน และหาสาระมิได้ มังงะมักจะถูกกล่าวถึงในฐานะที่เป็นต้นเหตุของปัญหาสังคมที่เกี่ยวข้องกับเด็กและวัยรุ่น และถึงแม้ว่ามังงะจากญี่ปุ่นจะได้รับความนิยมในกลุ่มเด็ก ๆ ตั้งแต่ ทศวรรษที่ 70 (Srimaneekulroj, 2015) แล้ว แต่มังงะมักจะถูกมองว่ามีคุณค่าเฉพาะในด้านการสร้างความบันเทิงและมูลค่าทางเศรษฐกิจสำหรับเฉพาะผู้นำเข้ามังงะและอนิเมะ และมักจะจำกัดอยู่ในอุตสาหกรรมสิ่งพิมพ์ สื่อ และ ผลิตภัณฑ์ที่เกี่ยวกับตัวการ์ตูน อย่างไรก็ตามเหรียญมีสองด้านเสมอ สำหรับญี่ปุ่นศึกษาแล้ว มังงะสะท้อนให้เห็นถึงวัฒนธรรม การมองโลกและเข้าใจโลกของชาวญี่ปุ่น และบริบททางวัฒนธรรมของมังงะ ณ ขณะที่ได้รับการตีพิมพ์ สำหรับแขนงวิชาอื่น ๆ นั้น การศึกษาให้เห็นถึงคุณค่าของมังงะนั้นยังมีอย่างจำกัด เพื่อแสดงให้เห็นว่ามังงะมีคุณค่าต่อสังคมไทยในหลากหลายมิติ คณะผู้เขียนได้วิจัยเอกสารที่เกี่ยวข้อง ในบทความนี้ได้แจกแจงคุณค่าของมังงะจากญี่ปุ่นในสังคมไทยไว้ดังนี้ คุณค่าเชิงจิตวิเคราะห์ คุณค่าเชิงการเป็นวรรณกรรมวัยรุ่น คุณค่าเชิงการสร้างทางเลือกใหม่ ๆ ของอัตลักษณ์ทางเพศ คุณค่าในเชิงศาสนาและปรัชญา คุณค่าในเชิงการตลาด และ คุณค่าในเชิงนวัตกรรม ท้ายที่สุดแล้วบทความนี้มีจุดประสงค์เพื่อจุดประกายความสนใจเชิงวิชาการเพื่อการศึกษามังงะในเชิงสหวิทยการ

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Thai Comics in the Twenty-First Century: Identity and Diversity of a New Generation of Thai Cartoonists

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Thai Comics in the Twenty-First Century: Identity and Diversity of a New Generation of Thai Cartoonists

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SUIC  - Sutapat Putnoi - Aika Live2D Model Rigging Collaborative Project Brief - Advancing Practice 2025

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Owl symbolism in Greek civilization over the last 5000 years: social perceptions and implications for conservation

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Owl symbolism in Greek civilization over the last 5000 years: social perceptions and implications for conservation

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An ode to the owl: a mytho-philosophical exploration of owl symbolism

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An ode to the owl: a mytho-philosophical exploration of owl symbolism

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Symbolism of the owl: a philosophical + spiritual exploration - Modern Gypsy

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An exploration of the symbolism of the owl through the lens of mythology, specifically Hindu mythology, philosophy, and spirituality.

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30/9/2025

Client picks No.5 and 6 Sketch.

22/9/2025

Client updated more specific demographics and vibe.

As they mention, they want a feather-like mascot. I've researched, and we agree to use an owl as a base for this mascot.

1st Brief

They want a mascot for the game review Facebook page and website.

Using Rouge the Bat colour palette.

Surprise me style (They let me shape all the concept to fit in their concept but not limit style of art)

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Reflect

1. Art / PSD Problems

Layers not properly separated

Wrong clipping (shadows, reflections misaligned)

Transparent gaps in base areas

Duplicate or unclear layer names

Off-center canvas or pivot

2. Rigging / Parameter Issues

Incorrect deformer hierarchy

Overly dense mesh

Mesh not bound properly

Wrong mirroring setup

Parameter limits too wide/narrow

Misplaced rotation pivots

3. Hardware / Performance Issues

CPU i5 too weak

Running multiple heavy apps simultaneously

Outdated GPU or tablet drivers

4. Workflow / Management Mistakes

No checklist before export/test

Rushed rigging without step testing

Confusing multiple versions

No backup before Cubism updates

26/10/2025

File crashed again, hope I can export the texture atlas.

25/10/2025

Can't finish all parts on time because the file is too heavy and I don't have enough skill.

Finish only the eyes, mouth, and some part of hair.

15/10/2025

Horn Rigging is too complicated to do in this short period of time. I decided to make the overall model work first and will study more later.

27/09/2025

Finished arranging mesh and multiply layers, ready for making the deformer.

After I got a head angle study file made by Suiika, I've to change the plan to rig 15-direction head angles.

24/09/2025

Since my illustrator can't make a 9-direction head angles guide for rigging, I've to do it myself.

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Key Takeaways from the Seminar

Understanding Content Trends for 2025-2026: You gained insights into the projected key directions and trends for content creation in the near future (2025-2026).

The Global Need for Niche and Culture: The global market is not just looking for something new, but is actively seeking out content that highlights your niche, culture, and things only your country has. This unique local flavour is what creates a distinct global story.

Example (Ghost Stories): It's not about being the absolute scariest. It's about showcasing your country's unique perspective, such as its dark humour or the specific cultural context of how you live alongside those stories, which makes the content globally compelling and original.

Balancing Closed vs. Open Platforms and Monetisation Strategy:

Diversify Distribution: Creators should not rely solely on closed platforms (like Netflix, Prime or iQIYI).

Leverage Open Platforms: It is crucial to use open platforms (like YouTube, TikTok, and other social network services) to build an audience and present oneself to the world.

The "Addiction & Paywall" Model: The strategy is to create content that users become addicted to, and then strategically place the most premium or exclusive content behind a paywall, rather than relying solely on ad revenue, as not every platform provides consistent ad-based income.

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𝙐𝙥𝙙𝙖𝙩𝙚: 𝙊𝙁𝙊𝙎 ✷ 𝙁𝙞𝙡𝙢
🎬 ถึงเวลาที่ครีเอเตอร์ไทยจะไม่หยุดแค่ “เอาตัวรอด” แต่ต้อง “ยืนให้ได้” บนสเตจโลก งานเสวนานี้คือพื้นที่เปิดบทสนทนาเชิงลึกกับคนทำงานและผู้เชี่ยวชาญจากแวดวงจริง มาคุยกันตรง ๆ ถึงโจทย์ใหญ่ของวงการ ตั้งแต่การเล่าเรื่อง การตลาด https://t.co/hiqEcsOzHz

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THACCA - Thailand Creative Culture Agency

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𝙐𝙥𝙙𝙖𝙩𝙚: 𝙊𝙁𝙊𝙎 ✷ 𝙁𝙞𝙡𝙢
🎬 ถึงเวลาที่ครีเอเตอร์ไทยจะไม่หยุดแค่ “เอาตัวรอด” แต่ต้อง “ยืนให้ได้” บนสเตจโลก งานเสวนานี้คือพื้นที่เปิดบทสนทนาเชิงลึกกับคนทำงานและผู้เชี่ยวชาญจากแวดวงจริง มาคุยกันตรง ๆ ถึงโจทย์ใหญ่ของวงการ ตั้งแต่การเล่าเรื่อง การตลาด https://t.co/hiqEcsOzHz

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THACCA - Thailand Creative Culture Agency

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THACCA - Thailand Creative Culture Agency

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𝙐𝙥𝙙𝙖𝙩𝙚: 𝙊𝙁𝙊𝙎 ✷ 𝙁𝙞𝙡𝙢
🎬 ถึงเวลาที่ครีเอเตอร์ไทยจะไม่หยุดแค่ “เอาตัวรอด” แต่ต้อง “ยืนให้ได้” บนสเตจโลก งานเสวนานี้คือพื้นที่เปิดบทสนทนาเชิงลึกกับคนทำงานและผู้เชี่ยวชาญจากแวดวงจริง มาคุยกันตรง ๆ ถึงโจทย์ใหญ่ของวงการ ตั้งแต่การเล่าเรื่อง การตลาด… pic.twitter.com/hiqEcsOzHz
— THACCA - Thailand Creative Culture Agency (@thaccaofficial) September 24, 2025

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𝙐𝙥𝙙𝙖𝙩𝙚: 𝙊𝙁𝙊𝙎 ✷ 𝙁𝙞𝙡𝙢
🎬 ถึงเวลาที่ครีเอเตอร์ไทยจะไม่หยุดแค่ “เอาตัวรอด” แต่ต้อง “ยืนให้ได้” บนสเตจโลก งานเสวนานี้คือพื้นที่เปิดบทสนทนาเชิงลึกกับคนทำงานและผู้เชี่ยวชาญจากแวดวงจริง มาคุยกันตรง ๆ ถึงโจทย์ใหญ่ของวงการ ตั้งแต่การเล่าเรื่อง การตลาด https://t.co/hiqEcsOzHz

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THACCA - Thailand Creative Culture Agency

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𝙐𝙥𝙙𝙖𝙩𝙚: 𝙊𝙁𝙊𝙎 ✷ 𝙁𝙞𝙡𝙢
🎬 ถึงเวลาที่ครีเอเตอร์ไทยจะไม่หยุดแค่ “เอาตัวรอด” แต่ต้อง “ยืนให้ได้” บนสเตจโลก งานเสวนานี้คือพื้นที่เปิดบทสนทนาเชิงลึกกับคนทำงานและผู้เชี่ยวชาญจากแวดวงจริง มาคุยกันตรง ๆ ถึงโจทย์ใหญ่ของวงการ ตั้งแต่การเล่าเรื่อง การตลาด https://t.co/hiqEcsOzHz

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𝙐𝙥𝙙𝙖𝙩𝙚: 𝙊𝙁𝙊𝙎 ✷ 𝙁𝙞𝙡𝙢
🎬 ถึงเวลาที่ครีเอเตอร์ไทยจะไม่หยุดแค่ “เอาตัวรอด” แต่ต้อง “ยืนให้ได้” บนสเตจโลก งานเสวนานี้คือพื้นที่เปิดบทสนทนาเชิงลึกกับคนทำงานและผู้เชี่ยวชาญจากแวดวงจริง มาคุยกันตรง ๆ ถึงโจทย์ใหญ่ของวงการ ตั้งแต่การเล่าเรื่อง การตลาด https://t.co/hiqEcsOzHz

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THACCA - Thailand Creative Culture Agency

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The Case for Cuphead: Shape, Expression, and Edge

I've correctly identified that my project needs to absorb a

Westernised art style focused on exaggeration, body language, and shape-driven design. The Cuphead aesthetic, rooted in the 1930s

Rubber Hose Animation is the perfect masterclass in this, even though it's a Western, vintage style.

Shape-Driven Design: The Rubber Hose style relies on exaggerated, simple, and rhythmic shapes, which is the exact "Western silhouette and rhythm" I plan to practice. This will help push my drawing style beyond purely anime conventions.

Edge and Rebellion: While cute, the Cuphead style is often used to convey mischievous, dark, or edgy themes. This perfectly matches my project’s goal to be

"aesthetically soft without losing its edge" and embodying "rebellion-with-a-smile".

Mascot Functionality: The simplicity and bold expressiveness of the style make it easily adaptable for UI, icons, and posts, fulfilling the need for a highly functional mascot.

--

The Case for Carles Dalmau: Pastel, Pop, and Persona

My inspiration from the Persona series requires a balance of fashion-forward design, stylised cel-shading, and a pastel-infused palette. The art style of Carles Dalmau delivers this contemporary blend perfectly.

East-Meets-West Blending: Dalmau’s work, which often features anime-inspired characters, incorporates more rounded, painterly elements and a distinct lighting/colour sensibility that feels modern and globally appealing. This is a fantastic example of how I can achieve "anime-inspired elegance with a touch of modern pop/indie aesthetics" and create a design that feels fresh and recognisable.

Soft Rebellion Aesthetic: The use of soft colours, neon, and moody scenarios in Dalmau’s style aligns directly with the goal of an "aesthetically soft" look and the "pastel, sleek, subversive-but-cute design" that appeals to my target audience who enjoy "soft goths" or "Tumblr-core aesthetics".

Technique: Dalmau’s use of cel-shading and vibrant colours provides an excellent reference for my Procreate-based workflow and the stylised cel-shading I plan to employ.

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The Art Of Cuphead : MDHR studio : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive

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the art of the cuphead complete all the pages :3

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Rubber hose animation was the first distinctive style of American animation, and it became the most prevalent form of animation in American theaters during the 1920s. Join us on a deep dive into all things rubber hose animation in this comprehensive guide on the iconic style.

What is Rubber Hose Animation

The defining features of rubber hose animation are its minimalist drawings and its extreme simplification of movement. It's considered to be a precursor to modern cartoons, but it also had a significant influence on the development of comics and animation in other countries.
rubber hose animation example
The History Behind Rubber Hose Animation

The earliest examples of rubber hose animation were probably the work of Winsor McCay, who created the first successful American animated film, Gertie the Dinosaur (1914).

McCay's use of fluid, naturalistic movement was a significant departure from the stiff, jerky motion of earlier animated films. McCay's work inspired a number of other early animators, including Paul Terry and Otto Messmer, who went on to create their own successful animation studios.
Gertie the Dinosaur
The First Character

The first rubber hose cartoon character was Felix the Cat, who made his debut in 1919. Felix was an instant hit with audiences, and he quickly became one of the most popular cartoon characters of the 1920s.

Felix was followed by a number of other popular characters, including Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, and Bugs Bunny.
Felix the Cat
The Slight Waning Of Fame

The popularity of rubber hose animation waned in the 1930s as audiences began to prefer the more realistic style of animation that was being developed by Walt Disney and other studios. However, the rubber hose style made a comeback in the 1940s when it was adapted for use in television cartoons. The most successful of these was probably "The Simpsons", which debuted in 1989 and is still going strong today.
The Simpsons
Despite its decline in popularity, rubber hose animation continues to exert a significant influence on American culture. Many of the most popular cartoon characters of all time, including Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, and Bugs Bunny, were created in the rubber hose style. In addition, the minimalist drawing and extreme simplification of movement characteristic of rubber hose animation have been adopted by a number of artists and animators working in other styles.

Now to address the real question:

The Procedure Behind This Animation

While the term "rubber hose animation" might make you think of old-timey cartoons, this type of animation is actually still used today in some television cartoons. The drawing style is characterized by its use of thin, flexible hoses to draw the characters and backgrounds instead of using more traditional methods such as cels or stop-motion puppetry. This type of animation was named after the hose-like drawing arm that was used to create the characters.

Despite its name, rubber hose animation does not necessarily require the use of hoses. The term simply refers to the drawing style that was popularized by early animators such as Winsor McCay and Max Fleischer.
rubber hose cartoon
How Can You Create Rubber Hose Cartoon

If you're interested in learning how to animate using the rubber hose style, there are a few things you need to keep in mind.

First, the drawings should be kept simple and cartoony.

Second, the characters should have limited movement and expressions.

And finally, the backgrounds should be fairly static.

With these tips in mind, let's take a look at how to actually animate using the rubber hose style.

1. Draw Your Characters With Long, Thin, and Flexible Lines

When drawing characters for rubber hose animation, it's important to use long, thin, and flexible lines. This will give your characters a more cartoony look and feel, and it will also help to keep the action fluid and naturalistic.

One way to achieve this is to use a lightbox or graph paper to help you trace your drawings. This will ensure that your lines are straight and even, which is essential for this type of animation.

Another way to achieve this is to use a digital drawing tablet. This will allow you to draw directly onto your computer, and you can use the pressure sensitivity of the tablet to create thinner or thicker lines.

Once you have your lines drawn, you can begin to add movement to your characters. Remember to keep the movement minimal, as too much movement will make the action appear choppy and unnatural.

2. Use Minimal Movement

Remember to keep the movement minimal, as too much movement will make the action appear choppy and unnatural. When adding movement, it's important to create a sense of rhythm and timing. This can be done by moving the drawings in small increments, such as 1 frame per second.
Movement of rubber hose animation
3. Add Humor and Personality To Your Characters

One extremely famous method of adding humor and personality to your characters is by exaggerating their features and expressions. This is one of the key elements of rubber hose animation, and it's what will make your cartoons unique and enjoyable to watch.
rubber hose animation humor
4. Using Static Backgrounds to Help Create a Sense of Place and Space.

One of the key elements of rubber hose animation is using static backgrounds to help create a sense of place and space. This is done by drawing the backgrounds before the characters and then keeping the drawings relatively simple.

This will help to ground the action in a specific location, and it will also make the characters appear to move through the space more naturally.

Another benefit of using static backgrounds is that they can help to set the mood and tone of the scene. For example, if you're creating a cartoon that takes place in a dark and sinister forest, then using a dark and foreboding background will help to create that feeling.
rubber hose animation
So there you have it! These are just a few tips to keep in mind when animating using the rubber hose style. With these guidelines in mind, you should be well on your way to creating your own funny and entertaining cartoons. So get creative and start animating!

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Cuphead Brand Shop - Displate
For more art-style content, explore the articles below:

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Rubber Hose Animation Explained | Displate Blog

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Here's a comprehensive guide explaining rubber hose animation in detail. Learn about its origins and how to create this American art style.

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The Rubber Hose Art Style That Defined Animation

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The Rubber Hose Art Style That Defined Animation

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Monday, 28 April 2025 by Nicole Holt | Reading time: 10 Minutes

The rubber hose animation is known for modeling the most legendary characters in the history of animation. From Mickey Mouse to Cuphead, the rubber hose cartoon style remains a beloved art form known for its quirky appeal and playful moments. In this blog, we will explore the legacy of rubber animation, an art form that still influences modern media.

What Is Rubber Hose Animation?

A popular animation style, rubber hose, introduced in the 1920s and 1930s, comes from the distinctive features of the cartoon characters, such as flexible and whippy limbs that allowed rubber hose-like movement. Simplicity, enhanced motion, dramatic moves, and impractical body features of its characters make the rubberhose style animation distinct.

Some of the key features of rubberhose animation include:

It focused on fluidity over realism.

The characters showcased exaggerated limb structures.

The characters possessed large, expressive eyes and subtle facial features.

No regard for joints is implied in the stretching and bending of limbs.

Such features with more regard for simplicity and humor made rubber hose style characters well-suited to the early cartoons.

The Origins and Evolution of Rubber Hose Animation

When and How Did Rubber Hose Animation Start?

Rubber hose art began in the 1920s, in the silent film era. Fleischer Studios and Walt Disney Productions are two of the studios that utilized this style as a way of dealing with early animation technical limitations. The animation artists needed something that would give them smoother movement with less effort, and this style served that purpose

The rubber hose art style originated from the comic strips and vaudeville performances, which caricatured in line and gesture. The simple designs and exaggerated movements from such performances were adapted by the early animators to create visually engaging characters.

Why Was It So Popular in Early Cartoons?

Features like simplicity and efficiency lead to the popularity of this animation style. The straightforward designs and ideal movements in the rubber hose style, along with the humorous nature of cartoons, provided a visual language to the audiences, transcending language limitations.

Apart from that, this art style was inexpensive. The early animators produced more frames while operating on limited budgets. The surreal quality of the style captivated the audience with its unique charm.

When Did This Animation Style Begin to Fade?

By the 1930s, advanced animation and the fame of realism caused the downfall of the rubber hose era. With the appearance of realistic anatomy and natural movement in characters, for example, Snow White and Pinocchio from Disney, the demand for this vintage animation decreased.

More advanced animation techniques like Technicolor further led to the decline of this animation. Higher-quality and more realistic animation was expected by the audiences, and this art form was pushed to the limit.

Key Features of Rubber Hose Animation

The character designs in this animation style consisted of noodle-like limbs without defined joints, allowing for smooth, fluid animation. This animation is characterized by a set of features that all share very high recognizability, including:

Round Shapes: Heads, feet, and hands are normally drawn as circles, keeping the simplicity principles intact.

Expressive Eyes: The characters have large, round eyes to convey emotions with minimalistic facial features.

Fluidity: Smooth and fluid movements dominate, prioritizing fluidity over realism.

Flexibility: Characters have flexible arms and legs with rubber hose-like movements.

These characteristics made this animation's character as stunning and effective as it was, and it became the standard of animation.

Iconic Rubber Hose Characters and Cartoons

This retro animation made some of the animation's most enduring characters come alive. Classic cartoons, such as Popeye and others, disregarded early animation trends. Some of its characters are as follows:

Fleischer Studios and Disney utilized this art style for animation in the production of timeless cartoons that keep individuals in awe.

How Different Studios Applied the Style

The two studios applied their respective stance to this animation style. Fleischer Studios applied comedic, fantasy-themed settings, whereas Disney applied storytelling and character formation. Regardless of the issue, the rubber hose style composition of the two studios was identical, which represented their versatility and flexibility.

The Rubber Hose Animation Process

The animators used unique rubber animation techniques to create this art style. They focused on:

This rendered this animation inexpensive and visually striking.

Unlike modern 3D pipelines, rubber hose animation relied on hand-drawn frames. However, today's tools like Blender allow hybrid approaches - learn how to render animations in 3D software here.

Why Simplicity Was Key In Style

As there was limited animation in this style, they could make more content in a shorter amount of time. Because of their simplicity of design and animation, they had the potential to create engaging cartoons without filling them with elaborate details. The limitation of resources in the early days of animation made this efficiency crucial.

Step-by-Step Guide: How to Create a Rubber Hose Character

1. Sketch Basic Forms and lines:

Begin drawing basic shapes such as circles and lines to create the body of the character.

2. Add Minimal Features:

Focus on basic but exaggerated features such as large, dramatic eyes and short, stubby fingers.

3. Minimal Movement Techniques:

Design limbs that bend and twist into loose movement.

4. Use Static Backgrounds:

Position the character in front of a stationary, simple background.

5. Add Humor and Personality:

Add personality and humor to the character by exaggerated expressions and movements.

Having gone through the above steps, you can now proceed and design your rubber hose characters.

Modern Use of Rubber Hose Animation in Media

This animation fell out of favor around the mid-20th century but only recently experienced a resurgence in popularity. The look was revived by contemporary media as it has a retro-futuristic appearance and a distinctive visual style.

Examples include:

These examples prove the evergreen popularity of the rubberhose art style.

How Modern Animators Revive the Style

Modern animators use elements of this art to make retro animation or vintage animation. Cuphead, for example, mixes the graphics from these characters with fresh gameplay to provide a never-before experience that is still enjoyable. Low-budget animators even use the look to bail out in a highly competitive industry with many other alternatives, proving that this animation style never fell off.

Comparing Rubber Hose Animation to Modern Techniques

Detail and realism are the monarchs of modern technique, yet rubber hose style art is far from extinct.

The most glaring distinctions are:

Despite such paradoxes, this style remains the ideal inspiration for animators today.

Rubber hose animation, like pixilation (a technique that emerged later and is mainly used in experimental cinema), focuses on creativity rather than technical perfection. Both styles make use of limited resources, proving that the most interesting ideas often arise within constraints.

What Elements Remain Influential Today

The absurdly over-the-top movements and goofiness of this animation are passed along today in modern cartoons and video games. For example, shows like Adventure Time and Steven Universe use the skills of this technique and add a new method to produce their vocabulary of sight.

The Legacy of Rubber Hose Animation

This animation style played an instrumental part in shaping the development of the animation industry. Its success, effectiveness, and humor became the standard of what would be the technique and style of the future. Today, this art style is legendary as a permanent icon of timeless beauty and charm, illustrating the strength of intrinsic design to transcend time.

How the Style Shaped the Industry

This art style spawned innovations such as extreme action and character design, the pillars of animation art to this day. Less focused on efficiency than creativity, early animators set the stage for the industry to grow and flourish.

Why Rubber Hose Art Remains a Key Part of Animation History

This animation style is an interesting subject in the history of animation, and it illustrates just how inventive and creative the early animators were. It can be seen today in contemporary media, so it is a part of the animation legacy.

Why This Timeless Style Is Still Popular

With its never-ending charm, rubber hose animations were initially created as an artistic solution to the technical limitations. After many decades, its classically designed characters, simple nature, and excessive movements still influence audiences and artists. This fun and flexible approach is still used in today's media, whether it's a tribute to the past or a creative artistic choice, thus showing how it still inspires the animation world.

FAQ - Common Questions About Rubber Hose Animation

Who invented rubber hose animation?

Although nobody invented these animations on their own, they were created by early animation studios such as Fleischer and Disney.

Why does rubber hose animation look so creepy?

The appearance and unreality of its character animation will probably find its way into creep mode for today's audiences.

Why do rubber hose characters often wear white gloves?

One reason why many rubber hose animation characters wear white gloves is that it made the animation process of the hands easier for the artists. The second reason is that in the black and white animations, the white gloves made the visuals clearer against the black bodies of the characters.

Is rubber hose animation still used today?

Yes, this animation style is still being utilized today in video games, TV commercials, and other media, sometimes as a gesture to the past of animation.

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Coming-of-age

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At times, the game even reads as a critique of Japanese society, in exploring how older and more powerful people pressure their younger peers into roles and behavior they are not happy about. Persona series director Katsura Hashino admitted as much in an interview, where he held up Persona 5 as a game about teenagers "bored and discontent with their lives."

"They're at a dead end, chained down to a world of which they resent being a part." Persona 5 thus is a game about freedom, about teenage troubles, (mis)behavior and rascal attitudes. Yet despite some of the heavier subject matter, the game mostly feels light, upbeat and energetic, and is oozing with confidence and flare.

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ปีนี้เป็นปีที่เสื้อผ้า ‘Techwear’ กำลังเติบโตถึงขีดสุด และน่าจะมีบทบาทสำคัญในวงการ Fashion ในตลาดโลกที่คุณ ”ควรรู้จักไว้” กับ Trend ปี 2018

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Techwear store

SHADXW™ draws its inspiration from streetwear culture, military clothing (tactical techwear) and futuristic fiction to create highly functional aesthetic garments. SHADXW™ is the online store specialized in Techwear. At our techwear store, we have a wide selection of clothing designed to keep up with the latest trends. Our clothes are made from high-quality materials and come in a variety of styles, colors, and sizes so that you can find something to fit your needs. Whether you're looking for something casual or more formal, we have something that will help you stand out. All of our items are designed with comfort and performance in mind, so they won't just look great but also feel great too! From tech wear jackets to tech pants and everything in between, we have all the pieces you need to create your perfect outfit. Find trendy and futuristic techwear designs to complete your gear among a wide variety of hoodies, shirts and joggers and discover the best techwear brands. But also exclusive accessories, military boots, backpacks as well as futuristic masks. All the equipment and clothing you need to personalize your alternative style:

Womens Techwear

Techwear Outfits is the must-have techwear store for women who want to upgrade their style with an original and futuristic look. With the largest number of unisex and techwear women clothing, you will find the clothes and accessories you need to complete your outfit: tech wear skirts, bodysuits or tech gear pants for women.

Men's Techwear

Assert your originality with the greatest references of techwear for men. Combine the efficiency of technical clothing with an avant-garde style thanks to the many men's techwear pants, coats and t-shirts that will complete your dark style.

How to techwear?

While most clothing is cut in standard patterns, tech wear defies convention by designing tech gear clothing that take into account the movements of the human body, coupled with a clean and original design. Beyond the aesthetics of the garments, techwear uses quality materials such as GORE-TEX to bring functionality to each garment. Whether it's breathability, water resistance, the lightness or the capacity to store your personal belongings in numerous pockets, futuristic fashion proposes a new vision of comfort.

Here is a quick techware guide to get into the trend and understand the basics to make a strong jump into techwear.

Tech wear Outerwear

When you think of high-tech clothing, the first thing that comes to mind is the jacket. These are divided into two types: hard shell and soft shell.

The hard shell provides maximum weather protection and is completely windproof, waterproof and breathable. They provide a versatile outer layer under which the wearer can layer. In the case of heavy rain and snow, the hard shell is the only way to go.

The soft shell has to withstand light rainfall. Soft shell jackets usually emphasize comfort, breathability and sportiness, but they do not provide the environmental protection level that a hard shell can provide.

Mid-layers

This layer is optional and is just an additional layer below the outer layer. The middle layer usually serves to keep the wearer warm under the shell, or popular ultra-light down jackets. These can take many forms, from down vests to hoodies to insulated shirts and wool, but it can also be used for other purposes. Some components will have removable intermediate layers and linings, which are usually interchangeable in and out of the shell through some type of zipper or button system.

Base layers

This will be the root of any clothes, shirts pants and shoes. For shirts, any neutral shirt can meet the aesthetic requirements. However, if you really want it to become "high-tech clothing", then go for products with additional features.

Unique and original Techwear Pants

Tech wear pants are a must-have and a key piece of your style. But above all, they have a unique style inspired by military equipment, hence the name techwear or warcore pants.

Pants in this category usually bring water repellence, breathability, elasticity and extra or deeper pockets. Acronym were pioneers in the design of techwear pants with some interesting features, including a modular system that allows the wearer to add and reduce pouches to achieve greater carrying capacity.

If you are looking for techwear pants just to enhance your aesthetic, the key is the taper at the ankle, which gives them a more tactical and streamlined appearance. The additional belts, hooks and pockets also make them more futuristic, even if they are not practical. You can also tailor the old overalls to give it the appearance of high-tech clothing.

Techwear shoes and accessories

The final touch to your fashion-forward style, whether you're looking for punk boots or sneakers, we offer a wide range of shoe styles that are as comfortable as they are stylish. With nothing to envy to the Nike ACG range, our sneakers are innovative and incredibly original.

The most tech pair of shoes would have a degree of water resistance, with Gore-tex being a coveted element of the best water-resistant shoes. But if you're just looking for the aesthetic, you'd be just fine with the model that you like the most.

Many Techwear accessories are also available on our online store. Techwear bags with compartments for smartphones, laptops and more. Chest-rigs for the most minimalist among you, but also pants chains and other barbed necklaces to assert your offbeat style.

TECHWEAR AESTHETIC

At the beginning of its establishment, Techwear was originally a fashion sport, emphasizing the combination between aesthetics, practicality and comfort. You can see that many of its roots are military-style utilitarianism, and many of the coolest clothing still have a very militaristic tendency.

The origin of techwear, as we know and define it today, comes from the technical mountaineering clothing of the early 70s, with the drop of the first waterproof jackets.

Then, over the years, the range has expanded, both in the technical and technological field and in the models offered with designs conceptualized to the extreme: experimental cuts, materials at the cutting edge of technology, hyper-specialization of functions.

This clothing trend affects all forms of clothing as well as various accessories. Whether you want a 100% techwear look or sparingly adding a few techwear accessories to your outfit of the day, this is a style you can't do without.

Nowadays, we carry multiple devices and their respective chargers with us, so Techwear items are usually taken into account along with the storage they provide. Whether through a simple design (such as a zippered pocket) or a more sophisticated solution (such as a removable modular accessory). The combination of waterproof fabric and well-designed load-bearing capacity means you can carry more with fewer troubles. Bags and backpacks usually benefit from useful details, such as the sleeves and internal pockets/compartments of a laptop.

Beyond its practicality, techwear is also an original and flexible style. While there are techwear garments in colors and patterns, techwear is often associated with darker hues. Largely characterized by pants with straps or futuristic masks, the techwear look intrigues with its unique clothing and accessories.

However, a darker, Gothic, streetwear look can easily be complemented with a techwear garment or accessory. That's how many techwear styles emerged: urban techwear, street goth or warcore.

Create the techwear style that suits you !

Techwear clothing

Discover the techwear style with avant-garde and dark outfits for an original and underground look.

Techwear Ninja

Ninja techwear is primarily based on black stealth outfits with a clean aesthetic and technical clothing that maximizes your mobility. Stealth and stealth are the key words of the urban ninja techwear look. The ninja techwear style is popular in urban sports like parkour and among ninja cosplayers. Masks, gloves, techwear cloak and sometimes even a katana for cosplay, this techwear style is without a doubt one of the most popular.

Urban techwear

Urban techwear clothing defines a branch of street clothing, in which the style of technological clothing echoes the dystopian future. Once dressed in urban techwear style, draped in blacks and grays, you will look badass. Techwear apparel is fundamentally different from the typical modern casual hoodies and sneakers, thanks to its military-inspired and highly customized design.

Military techwear

Tactical techwear, also called "warcore" is inspired by military clothing. Its aesthetic is mainly based on the addition of accessories to your techwear outfit. Despite black cargo pants and combat boots, accessories such as tactical vests, techwear belts and tactical masks are the essence of this style. This style can be found among air-soft players, paint-ballers or fans of the military uniform. Dressed in black, the warcore look is ideal for cosplay, with air-soft replicas, which will make you a soldier of the post-apocalyptic world.

Cyberpunk techwear

Cyberpunk techwear is a clothing style inspired by science fiction and cybernetics in a futuristic context that tends to focus on high-tech to design futuristic clothing and accessories with advanced technological and scientific achievements. Looking for a futuristic style? Cyberpunk clothes are the right ones for you!

Japanese techwear

Japanese techwear is inspired by traditional clothing, redesigned with a techwear touch. For example, there are many techwear kimonos as well as jackets with Asian patterns and other Japanese kanjis. In short, if you like the Japanese culture and the optimal comfort of technical clothes, this techwear style is made for you.

Korean techwear

Techwear is an integral part of Korean culture. Very fond of original and eccentric styles, the clothing culture is a pillar of Korea. Many Korean designers give way to their creativity by inventing techwear clothes always more original and aesthetic. It is not uncommon to see men and women dressed in techwear in the streets of Seoul. Unlike European techwear, Korean techwear tends to be characterized by straight-cut pants and loose sweaters. For women, black pleated skirts with straps and a pair of techwear boots are common!

Goth techwear

Goth techwear refers to an alternative style halfway between the gothic look and the techwear look. Also known as darkwear, this style combines leather, tactical clothing such as techwear pants, and accessories like pant chains. To complete a techwear outfit with a gothic touch, you can opt for jewelry, wedges or silver chains, for example. An original underground style!

Tech clothing

Tech clothing, also called " Techwear clothing", refers to all clothes made with technical fabrics to enhance the usefulness of your outfit with many features such as water-repelant coat or windbreaker.

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Techwear: Tech Clothing | Techwear Store | Techwear Fashion

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SHADXW™ draws its inspiration from streetwear culture, military clothing (tactical techwear) and futuristic fiction to create highly functional aesthetic garments. SHADXW™ is the online store specialized in Techwear. At our techwear store, we have a wide selection of clothing designed to keep up with the latest trends.

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Futuristic techwear jackets, masks & accessories. Fast worldwide shipping, 30‑day returns. Shop Cyber‑Techwear now ⚡

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The Absolute Beginner Guide To Techwear

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The Absolute Beginner Guide To Techwear

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I’ve been playing a game called Night in the Woods recently and it has had me reflecting on a lot of things. The game follows college dropout Mae Borowski, who returns home to the crumbling former mining town of Possum Springs. We follow her as she meets old friends and realises that the town she kn

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Hold on to anything: How ‘Night in the Woods’ navigates young adulthood

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Hold on to anything: How ‘Night in the Woods’ navigates young adulthood

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"Night in the Woods" starts with Mae Borowski, freshly dropped out of college, with no clear plans for the future. "Night in the Woods" ends with Mae Borowski, still dropped out of college, still with no clear plans for the future. You could describe the game as a bildungsroman, a coming-of-age story where a young woman must deal with the confusing paradox of young adulthood, a time when you're too young and inexperienced to know what you're really doing but expected to land on your feet. Her small hometown of Possum Springs is clearly falling apart, and she's the only one senseless enough to come back permanently after getting a glimpse of the outside world - a glimpse that most residents of the town will never get the chance to have. Mae is desperately searching for meaning in an uncaring universe, surrounded by people with dead-end jobs that don't pay a living wage. "Night in the Woods" has a lot to say, and after riding the emotional roller coaster it took me on, I hear every word loud and clear.

Any analysis of "Night in the Woods" will tell you that the game has you move from right to left to symbolize Mae's backward progress and avoidance of the future - which different from moving left to right like most games people are used to. The beginning of the game has you walking home from the train station right to left and every day after waking up, Mae walks from her house to downtown in the opposite direction. It seems like a small detail, but it's relevant to one of the main conflicts of the game.

Mae expects to return to the same Possum Springs she left behind, but it's two years later. Old stores have closed down. Her parents seem older, their stress of managing the family's finances increasingly apparent. College funds don't grow on trees after all, and the Borowskis sacrificed a lot for Mae's chance at university. Most jarring is how her main group of friends has changed. Her hyperactive friend, Gregg, and his boyfriend, Angus, plan to move out of town without looking back. Her childhood friend, Bea, silently resents Mae for completely wasting the opportunity at higher education that she could never even dream of. Her friend Casey disappeared without a word, rumored to have hopped a train like he always claimed he would. Mae tries her best to return to the nostalgic past she clings to, but never succeeds.

The dialogue really drives home Mae's status as a womanchild. She seems to have almost developed a complex; any time someone in town calls her a girl, she makes it a point to remind them that she's 20. Her short stature, childlike appearance and immature style of speaking don't exactly help either. The first couple of days of the game consist of Mae exploring the town and getting absolutely dunked on by everyone. She is dismissed by the teenagers for not having a car, which immediately makes her not worth talking to. Every time she's asked by adults about not having a job, she doesn't have a good response.

Sometimes, reading Mae's childlike dialogue is charming. It makes her the heart of the town, giving her windows into lives that have been pushed to the wayside and disregarded. Sometimes, it's incredibly grating. When Mae is shitfaced drunk and driving home with Bea after a party in the woods, you are given dialogue options for Mae to express herself in comedically uncharacteristic ways, like apologizing for her humiliating behavior at the party, each option framed in a composed and polite manner. However, no matter which option you choose, you get the absolutely hilarious outcome of Mae rambling like the town clown. It becomes less funny when she starts rambling and crying about Bea's late mother, who died of cancer a few years prior. When Bea begrudgingly helps Mae to her bed, there's no doubt about it: Mae is immature to a fault and it sucks, both for Mae who is constantly at odds with the adult world and for her loved ones who have to deal with the aftermath of her immaturity. The way the game frames Mae's immaturity as neither explicitly good nor bad defies the expectation that Mae should change her ways to fit into the mold expected of her as an adult.

As a fellow 20-year-old grappling with feelings of ineptitude in my academic and personal life, I can somewhat sympathize with this immaturity and the desire to cling to the nostalgia of youth. Half-hearted messages to friends in an attempt to catch up and restore the faded bonds broken down over time hurt so much more when those memories are made fresh. It's only made worse by the realization that we have both become entirely new people, people who are no longer compatible as friends. So many points in my life have been defined by one-sided goodbyes, by people drifting away, and I'm left asking myself: "What now?" The aimlessness of young adulthood is multiplied tenfold when I can't even find a sense of familiarity to ground myself with. Moving from my childhood home to dorms, to an apartment, between classes and clubs trying to find something that sticks - it's disorienting. The feeling that everyone seems to have their stuff together, a roadmap for what they want and how they're going to get it, poisons every interaction I have with a small biting taste of envy. When the past is distant and the future gets cloudy enough, sometimes hopelessness can permeate my mental landscape without me noticing. But sometimes, I need that reminder that I have more opportunity and control over my future than I realize. That's something that can't be said for a lot of the residents of Possum Springs.

The portrayal of mental health in "Night in the Woods" is compelling and anything but subtle. As you proceed through the game, Mae is clearly struggling with something, and the clues as to what it may be are sprinkled throughout the game. You learn that she sees a therapist for anger management, who tasks her with keeping a journal throughout the game. This journal can be seen in the game's menu, summarizing the different characters Mae meets and story events. The entries range from cutesy doodles of her wacky shenanigans to disturbing depictions of events that cause her distress. She's incredibly impulsive and has issues with self-confidence. She has nightmares of giant, horrifying creatures, monsters that she can't understand or properly explain.

This difficulty with communication is what makes the representation of Mae's struggle so real. As I played through the game, I felt frustrated as I watched Mae continue to describe everything with her vocabulary limited to "weird": weird dreams, a weird night, a weird autumn. And that's completely intentional. Part of what makes mental illness so isolating is the struggle to communicate with those around you. Even trying to talk with friends and family who want to understand and help, sometimes without professional help you can't untangle your thoughts and emotions in a way that makes sense to people who aren't immersed in them every single day. Sometimes, the energy needed for dealing with these struggles or putting up a front is so exhausting that you don't see the point. Mental health resources can often have the issue of using "one size fits all" solutions, like the journal Mae keeps, which you later discover is used by other patients of the same therapist. In a town as small as Possum Springs, resources are limited and most likely underfunded. It's hinted, but never explicitly stated, that Mae has depression, anxiety and derealization disorder. However, her exact diagnosis isn't the point. Watching her symptoms strain her relationships and learning about how they've sabotaged her in the past is what makes Mae's struggle with mental illness feel authentic, and it hits hard. She isn't the only one struggling with mental health either, as her friends all have their own troubles and trauma to sort through, which you learn about through Mae's time spent with them. In the game's epilogue, she finally agrees to talk with her family over dinner about dropping out of college because of her derealization symptoms worsening. It's relieving, after watching her put it off the whole game. Even if she can't fully process what she's going through, watching Mae agree to take that first step gave me hope for her.

The game's tagline - "At the end of everything, hold on to anything" - sums up its attitude. There is no clear resolution at the end of the story. Mae's friends and the world around them are still different. Mae still cannot completely understand or communicate her mental state and she doesn't have clear plans for her future. The main mystery of the game - surrounding disappearing persons and strange, almost supernatural events - has a somewhat underwhelming conclusion. Possum Springs is still a town with one foot in the grave.

However, Mae monologues near the end of the game, "I want it to hurt. When my friends leave, when I have to let go, when this entire town is wiped off the map, I want it to hurt. Bad. I want to lose. I want to get beaten up. I want to hold on until I'm thrown off and everything ends. And you know what? Until that happens, I want to hope again. And I want it to hurt ... Because that means it meant something. It means I am something, at least ... pretty amazing to be something, at least." It's a beautiful sentiment that resonated with me. Everything that makes this life worth living is temporary and fleeting, and the more it hurts when it's gone, the more it means something was there in the first place. Damn it, I will live, laugh, love until I'm dead in the ground, so help me God. And I'll cling to everyone and everything I can until my hands go numb. Dear reader, I hope you do too.
A lead creative on the game's team, programmer/developer/composer Alec Holowka was accused of sexual misconduct and harassment, and because of his struggles with mental illness, he tragically took his own life. Though unrelated to the content of the article, it's important to know that despite helping contribute to such a moving piece of art, he caused harm to people around him. Polygon covered the story in 2019. If you or someone you know needs help, don't hesitate to seek it out. Daily Arts Writer James Johnston can be reached at johnstjc@umich.edu.

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'Night in the Woods' is the best depiction of young adulthood

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"Night in the Woods" is a fantastic game that explores young adulthood and its tumultuous moments.

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Why Arcane is an Artistic and Technical Masterpiece

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Why Arcane is an Artistic and Technical Masterpiece

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Why Arcane is an Artistic and Technical Masterpiece

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Arcane: the art of nailing fundamentals - The Owl

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Over the last few months of 2021 the Netflix original ‘League of Legends: Arcane’ took the world by storm. After its release on Netflix in November, everyone was singing its praises. The series was Netflix’s most-watched show in November, as well as being the highest-rated Netflix original ever with a perfect rotten tomatoes score of 100%. Across November and December, my social feeds were inundated with people telling me that Arcane was perfect. It wasn’t until the Christmas break that I decided to see what everyone was talking about.

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Visions of Vulnerability: The Artistic Depiction of Psychological Decline in Arcane

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Visions of Vulnerability: The Artistic Depiction of Psychological Decline in Arcane

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Visions of Vulnerability: The Artistic Depiction of Psychological Decline in Arcane — Fantasy/Animation

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In recent years, the entertainment industry has begun to delve more deeply into the once taboo topic of mental health and its complexities, expanding the representation of characters with mental illness beyond the two-dimensional caricatures that such screen representations began with. Riot Games’ a

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Arcane | Exploring Duality Across Video Games, TV, and Visual Art

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Arcane | Exploring Duality Across Video Games, TV, and Visual Art

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At its core, League of Legends is a team-based strategy game where two squads of five players battle to destroy the opposing team's Nexus - a structure at the heart of their base. Players choose from a vast roster of champions, each with unique abilities and roles such as damage-dealing, tanking, or supporting allies. Matches unfold on a map known as Summoner's Rift, divided into three main lanes and a jungle teeming with neutral monsters. Success relies on communication, strategy, and adapting to ever-changing dynamics as players outmaneuver and outplay their opponents.

Since its release in 2009, League has evolved into more than just a game. It's a cultural phenomenon with an unparalleled eSports presence, boasting global tournaments like the World Championship that draw millions of viewers annually. Beyond its competitive appeal, the game's rich lore and iconic characters - ranging from the mischievous Jinx to the honorable Garen - have helped it transcend the gaming sphere, inspiring spin-offs, novels, and even this animated series.

The duality between League of Legends and Arcane

League of Legends ("LoL") and Arcane are two sides of the same coin. They are united by a shared narrative universe but separated by medium, objectives, and expressive language. Despite their intrinsic connection, LoL and Arcane stand at opposite ends of the spectrum in terms of audience experience, inviting reflection on their duality.

At the heart of both products is Runeterra, a complex and layered imaginary world. In LoL, Runeterra is the battleground for champions-playable characters with unique abilities and backstories. While the game offers fragments of lore through text, events, and cinematics, its primary focus remains on strategic and competitive action.

Arcane, on the other hand, expands and deepens this universe. The series focuses on the cities of Piltover and Zaun, exploring the origins and conflicts of its iconic characters. Long story short, Arcane translates the mythology of League into an emotional and accessible story, even for those unfamiliar with the game.

Gameplay vs. Narrative

The duality between LoL and Arcane lies in how each engages its audience and evokes emotions. In LoL, players act actively, shaping the game's flow through their strategies and decisions. Each match is a unique battlefield where skill and teamwork define success. The champions' players control, from Jinx's chaotic explosions to Vi's powerful punches, serve as conduits for action, with their backstories often discovered outside the game through lore or cinematic trailers. This fragmented narrative leaves room for interpretation, making the universe feel vast yet elusive.

In contrast, Arcane immerses its audience in a deeply curated narrative. Watching Jinx and Vi navigate the turmoil of their fractured sisterhood is an emotionally charged experience. The series brings players out of the fast-paced, competitive arena and into the streets of Piltover and Zaun, where every scene is steeped in visual storytelling.

For instance, Jinx's descent into madness is painted through dialogue, as well as her chaotic, graffiti-laden environment and erratic behavior. At the same time, Vi's struggles are reflected in her moments of quiet vulnerability amid the tension of her fights. Arcane provides clarity and depth, drawing viewers into the characters' journeys in ways the game cannot.

Where League prioritizes gameplay over aesthetics, often simplifying visual elements to enhance clarity during chaotic team fights, Arcane revels in its artistry. The series' animation blends traditional and digital techniques to create a textured world where Piltover's gleaming spires contrast sharply with Zaun's industrial shadows. This meticulous attention to detail helps viewers feel the weight of the character's struggles and triumphs, immersing them in a world that feels alive.

Social vs Personal

League thrives on its social aspect. It is a shared experience where players connect, compete, and cooperate in real-time. The game's community - its greatest strength and challenge - creates a dynamic ecosystem where every match fosters camaraderie or rivalry.

This social element extends beyond casual gaming; it is fundamental to professional teams in the League of Legends eSports scene. Like in traditional sports, these teams rely on tight-knit bonds to achieve success, both in the game and during tournaments. Players spend countless hours training together, forging friendships that fuel their coordination on the battlefield. Fans, too, contribute to this ecosystem, rallying behind their favorite teams and players, creating a sense of belonging akin to supporting a football club. In LoL, sociality is everything for amateur players and professional teams.

Arcane, on the other hand, feels personal. Its focus on themes like inequality, family, and personal identity resonates on an individual level, offering a humanized perspective on champions who, in the game, are primarily vehicles for competitive play.

Both products demonstrate how a single narrative universe can be adapted to meet the varied needs of different audiences. League is the realm of strategy and competition, while Arcane is the beating heart of emotions and storytelling.

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Arcane | Exploring Duality Across Video Games, TV, and Visual Art

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Some of the constructive aspects of Arcane, as well as the stratagems to create one of the most immersive experiences of TV in years.

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パタパタペッピー｜サンリオ

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何にでも興味シンシン。探検が好きな、あわてん坊のミミズクの男のコ。チェリーと木の実とお昼寝が大好き。低空飛行が大得意！北の森で生まれたペッピーは、ある日、山ネズミさんと遊んでいるうちに、迷子になって、たどりついたのが人間の家。そこが気に入って住んでいる。

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Table of Contents

Table of Contents Ask the Chatbot

In 1963 Alfred Hitchcock released , one of his most iconic thrillers. The movie considered what would happen if flocks of birds, animals that linger in the background of many of our daily lives, suddenly rose up and attacked a small coastal town in California. The film was inspired by a real-life event, namely an attack by sooty shearwaters on Capitola, California, in 1961. It was linked to diatom poisoning of the anchovies eaten by the birds. The shearwaters crashed into rooftops, and their carcasses were found on the streets and throughout the town.

Movies like The Birds (1963) or The Happening (2008) that explore the possibility of nature suddenly becoming vindictive pop into theaters from time to time, but the prospect of injuries and even deaths caused by aggressive birds is not fiction. Territoriality and defending young from predators remains serious business, and even the smallest birds will lash out at threats. The list below highlights some of the world's most dangerous birds.

Cassowary (Casuarius)

Cassowaries are the only members of the family Casuariidae and belong to the order Casuariiformes, which also includes the emu. Three species (counted by some experts as six), each with several races, live in habitats that span parts of Australia and New Guinea. The cassowary has been known to kill human beings with slashing blows of its feet, as the innermost of its three toes bears a long daggerlike nail. The bird has been observed moving rapidly along narrow tracks in the bush, sprinting as fast as 50 km (31 miles) per hour.

Cassowaries are curious, and they do attack from time to time, but attacks on humans are relatively rare. Those attacks that do occur overwhelmingly involve soliciting food from people. One of the most recent incidents came in 2012, when a tourist in Queensland, Australia, was kicked by a cassowary off a ledge and into a body of water but remained unharmed otherwise. One of the most famous attacks (and the only one known to result in a confirmed death) occurred in 1926: one member of a group of teenaged boys hunting cassowaries was killed after a cassowary leapt upon him while he was on the ground. The bird slashed the boy's jugular vein with its long toenail.

Ostrich (Struthio camelus)

Ostriches are flightless birds found only in open country in Africa. The largest living birds, adult males may be 2.75 meters (about 9 feet) tall-almost half of that height being in the neck-and weigh more than 150 kilograms (330 pounds). Ostriches are seen individually, in pairs, in small flocks, or in large aggregations, depending on the season. The ostrich relies on its strong legs-uniquely two-toed, with the main toe developed almost as a hoof-to escape its enemies, chiefly humans and the larger carnivores. A frightened ostrich can achieve a speed of 72.5 kilometers (45 miles) per hour. If cornered, it can deliver dangerous kicks capable of killing lions and other large predators. Deaths from kicks and slashes are rare, with most attacks resulting from humans provoking the birds.

One of the most interesting ostrich-attack stories involved the American musician Johnny Cash, who kept an exotic animal park with ostriches on his property. Cash encountered an aggressive male ostrich several times during his walks in the woods in 1981. On one occasion, Cash brandished a 6-foot stick and swung it at the bird, who dodged the swipe and slashed at Cash with its foot. Cash noted that the blow struck him in the stomach, and if it weren't for a strong belt buckle, he said that the ostrich's toe claw would have cut his abdomen open and killed him.

Emu (Dromaius [or Dromiceius] novaehollandiae)

The common emu, the only survivor of several forms exterminated by settlers, is stout-bodied and long-legged like its relative the cassowary. Emus can dash away at nearly 50 km (30 miles) per hour; if cornered, they kick with their big three-toed feet. Like cassowaries and ostriches, the toe claws of emus are capable of eviscerating animals under the right conditions; however, human fatalities are extremely rare. Reports of emu attacks resulting in a range of injuries in Australia and in wild-animal parks, emu farms, and zoos across the world are not uncommon, with more than 100 occurring in 2009 alone.

Lammergeier (Gypaetus barbatus)

Lammergeiers, which are also called bearded vultures, are big eaglelike vultures of the Old World (family Accipitridae). These birds often reach lengths of more than 1 meter (40 inches), with a wingspread of nearly 3 meters (10 feet). They inhabit mountainous regions from Central Asia and eastern Africa to Spain and dine on carrion, especially bones, which they drop from heights as great as 80 meters (260 feet) onto flat rocks below. This cracks open the victim's bones and allows the birds access to the marrow. Attacks on humans are either rare or even anecdotal; however, the Athenian dramatist Aeschylus is said to have died at Gela (on Sicily's south coast) when a lammergeier dropped a tortoise on his bald head after mistaking it for a stone. Although Aeschylus did die at Gela, experts believe that the story describing the strange cause of his death was fabricated by a later comic writer.

Great horned owl (Bubo virginianus)

Owls of all kinds have been known to attack people when defending their young, their mates, or their territories. Frequent targets include unsuspecting joggers and hikers. Often victims escape without injury, and deaths from owl attacks are extremely rare. Great horned owls ( Bubo virginianus) and barred owls ( Strix varia), in particular, have received attention from high-profile attacks.

In 2012 a number of people in a Seattle-area park reported being attacked by a great horned owl that swooped down from the trees. A similar swooping attack occurred in Salem, Oregon, in 2015 when a great horned owl repeatedly struck the scalp of a jogger, who ran and later escaped. Great horned owls are powerful predators that often grow to more than 2 feet (60 cm) in length, with wingspans that often approach 200 cm (80 inches). These owls, which are found across the Americas, usually eat small rodents and birds but have been known to carry off larger prey. The clutching force of their talons can be as strong as 500 psi (which is similar to the bite of a large guard dog and thus great enough to permanently disfigure, blind, or kill). Great horned owls, like most owl species, tend to concentrate on the face and head in battles with larger animals.

Barred Owl (Strix varia)

Barred owls, whose habitat includes much of the eastern United States and southeastern Canada, are smaller than great horned owls. They weigh between 630 and 800 grams (1.4 to 1.8 pounds) and have a wingspan of about 110 cm (43 inches). Attacks by barred owls on hikers have been reported from Texas to British Columbia.

A barred owl was thought to have played a part in a bizarre high-profile North Carolina murder case. In 2003 a man was convicted of murdering his second wife with a fireplace blow poke. In 2011, after the man had served several years in prison, a judge tossed out the forensic evidence related to the murder weapon. Shortly thereafter, news of barred-owl attacks in the Pacific Northwest, combined with a reexamination of the wounds on the victim's scalp, face, and wrists, prompted the defendant's attorneys to suggest that a barred owl was to blame for the victim's death. The defense argued that the victim, who was under the influence of pain medication and alcohol at the time, was attacked by a barred owl in her front yard. The owl had become entangled in the victim's hair and continued to scratch and peck before the victim was able to fight it off and free it as she ran into the house. After climbing the stairs to the second floor, the attorneys suggested that the victim had then fallen backwards down the stairs to her death, breaking her neck. In 2017 the defendant plead guilty to voluntary manslaughter, which allowed him to maintain his innocence.

John P. Rafferty

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6 of the World's Most Dangerous Birds | Britannica

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This Encyclopedia Britannica animals list features 6 of the world's most dangerous birds.

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The Great Horned Owl: Greatest Adirondack Predator?

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The Great Horned Owl: Greatest Adirondack Predator?

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When you ask most folks, which animal is the greatest hunter in the Adirondacks, they'll usually say "fisher" or "bobcat", or some other charismatic predator, but I believe the great horned owl may be the most efficient predator that has ever lived on earth - period.

Its approach to hunting is based on a combination of stealth, remarkable powers of prey detection and location, and the application of strength all out of proportion to its size. Victims of a Great Horned Owl's silent aerial attack typically are not aware of the owl's presence until they are within the vice-like grip of the owl's talons.

Birds do not migrate because of colder winter weather. In fact, feathers are much more effective insulators than mammalian fur, and when combined with the internal heat generated by their higher metabolism, birds are better equipped to withstand cold weather than mammals are. What drives birds to warmer climates is the lack of food available to them in the winter.

Seed eaters congregate around our feeders. Osprey and loons, whose principal diets are fish, leave to find open water. Raptors who prey on small mammals depart, because many of the animals they hunt in summer are hibernating, while many of the non-hibernators conceal their movements by constructing tunnels under the snow cover, covert paths to get from dens and nests to food sources. If you've ever been snowshoeing in winter, and felt yourself suddenly sink through, you stepped in one of these tunnels.

With their scent masked, and the sounds of their movements muffled by the snow, the prey of predators like bobcat, fisher, fox and coywolf may survive winter, if they have stored or can locate enough food. These predators, in turn, with their food supply diminished, become desperate and may target our pets more in winter than they would in summer.

Then there is the great horned owl. It's not so much the size of the great horned owl. Snowy owls are bigger. A great horned owl weighs between two to four pounds, has a wing span of 36 to 60 inches, and stands from 18 inches to 2 feet tall. As with all raptor species, the female is the larger of the two sexes. What distinguishes the great horned owl is a combination of sensory abilities which will subject its prey to arguably the greatest weapon ever developed by natural selection. They don't have to leave in winter.
Vision Quest
The visual acuity of these nocturnal hunters is much greater than our own. As with people, the forward position of the eyes provides excellent binocular vision. The owl makes its living as a night hunter, and the need for enhanced light collection requires large pupils, whose apertures react to light sources independently of each other. In fact, their eyes are so large, that were our eyes of comparable proportion to our bodies, they'd be the size of grapefruits. The eyes are plug-shaped, and are fixed snugly into the eye sockets in the skull. As a result, owls cannot swivel or "roll their eyes" as we can, or look peripherally without moving their head. While humans have seven neck vertebrae, allowing us to move our heads 180 degrees, raptors have fourteen,and the owl directs its vision by rotating the head 270 degrees, through its lateral and medial axis.

Our eyes have about 120 million "rods" on the retina. These are for detecting motion, as well as shades of light and dark in low light. The rods are located around and outside the "fovea", that central area of the retina where there are about 7 million color receptive "cones" clustered. An interesting experiment: stand in an area of ongoing but sporadic activity, like a meadow bordered by shrubs and saplings, an area frequented by song birds and rodents. Note that you are more adept at picking up motion peripherally, than when the motion is in front of you, because our rods are outside the field where the cones are located. The owl's fovea, on the other hand, is covered with rods as well as some cones, so they are much better able to detect motion in low light in any direction, than we are.

Like most predators, owls have a limited number of two types of color receptive cones, best at resolving light of medium wavelength ("green" area of the color spectrum) and shorter wavelength (blues). Color is less important to predators like owls, than detecting motion. Humans, whose ancestors were tree and savanna living frugivores, that is, creatures whose lives depended on locating fruit, have three types of cone, adding longer wavelength (red), for greater color resolution.
Hearing Your Environment
The great horned owl's "ear tufts" are not ears at all, but feathers which aid in camouflage, and may also indicate their mood. The owl's asymmetrical ears are hidden under the dark edges of the facial disk, which is split by the beak and the forehead. Owls can hear noises ten times fainter than our hearing permits, enabling them to locate prey they cannot see, for example, prey scurrying through the snow tunnels they excavate under snow pack or prey obscured by brush.

The facial dish directs sound to the ears, and the right ear is positioned higher under the disk than the left ear, causing sounds to reach one ear a fraction of a second before it reaches the other. The owl tilts and turns its head until the sounds coordinate, and because the owl cannot change the direction of its eyes without rotating the head, the owl is at that moment, staring directly at the location of its prey. It's almost not fair!

Think about the incredible means of experiencing any environment that develops through natural selection: because the owl's very survival depends on locating prey which is more often than not hidden, they have evolved an auditory system which allows them to pinpoint the location of prey they may not be able to see. Similarly, the wolf and bear depend on their sense of smell to locate food sources which they often can't see, just as the snake detects prey by "tasting" the air and in the case of pit vipers, detecting heat. The bat uses a type of sonar to detect mosquitoes, and the list goes on and on. For us, our senses of hearing and smell have been blunted by living within the protective environment of civilization, and we depend primarily on our vision. When it comes to natural selection, the old saying goes "use it, or lose it".
Silent Flight
Think of the large Adirondack birds you've seen, for example, wild turkey, grouse especially, or any type of water fowl. One of the features they share, is how much noise their wings make while in flight. Owls are not fast fliers, with a top speed of about 40 mph. However, like virtually all owls, the great horned owl's flight is silent, possibly due to "flutings", features of the primary wing feathers, which are serrated and resemble comb's teeth.

While most large birds cause noisy turbulence as the air moves over their pumping wings, the owl's feather fluting breaks the sounds into thousands of smaller sounds not audible to the ears of mammals. In addition, while other birds preen their wings to hook the ends of their feathers together, so they can fly more efficiently, owls do not. What they lose in speed as a result, they make up in stealth, because the dissipation of the turbulence is further enhanced. As the owl drops from its perch and glides towards the sound, silent flight also enables the continuous and increasingly more accurate audible triangulation of the prey's location as the owl closes in.
The Ultimate Predatory Weapon
Great horned owls have thick legs and heavy talons. Like our thumbs, the outside talon is opposable, which allows an owl to switch between a perching posture, with three toes in front and one in the rear, and a hunting and grasping posture, with two toes in front and two in the rear. The bottom of an owl's foot is sensitive in the way the palms of our hands are, so that they can feel the mammal's spine, allowing the owl to frame the spine with its talons as it strikes.

If a strong athlete tries to crush your hand in a muscular grip, the crushing power in his fingers and palm is about 65 to 75 lbs. per square inch. The crushing power in a Great Horned Owl's talons is reputed to range from 200, to an incredible 500 lbs. per square inch, ten times on average stronger than the grip of a typical human hand, so once the talons sink through the prey's back, most prey are killed instantly. They quite literally may not know what hits them. The great horned owl is the "Jack the Ripper" of the animal kingdom, waiting in silence to deliver an overpowering attack.
Prey
Most raptors try to approach their prey from the rear, flying or gliding in, grasping the animal with their talons. They continue pumping their wings and flying, so that the animal is literally swept off its feet. Great horned owls are the weight lifters of the raptors, and can fly while carrying prey equal to 1.4 times their own weight. If their prey is not killed instantly by the puncture and pressure of the talons, horny pads under the owl's toes allow the owl to control the struggling prey, as the owl flies to a secure perch. Smaller prey are swallowed whole, while larger prey are torn into manageable chunks, using the beak and talons. The forward talon on the great horned owl has a serrated edge, like a ginsu knife, which helps the owl dismember large prey by sinking its talons, reaching down with the beak, and lifting its head up and back.

The great horned owl eats everything from skunks-raptors have a very limited sense of smell-to housecats, whose disappearance is blamed more often than is deserved, on our Adirondack coywolves. Think about it... if you live in a wooded area, and you're losing cats, odds are it isn't the coywolves. Muskrats are a favorite, as are rabbits, squirrels, weasels, minks, martins, bats and anything else they can catch. They are a main predator of the crow, and take other birds including hawks and smaller owls. Like all mammal eating raptors, they are major controllers of rodents. Although it is only the size of a red tailed hawk, great horned owls are extremely aggressive, and have been known to drive even bald eagles from their nests.

Feeding on the ground is dangerous, as it may expose the owl to possible ambush. This is sometimes unavoidable, as when great horned owls kill skunks or domestic cats which may be three times their weight. Some folks ask us how it is even possible for the owl to kill such a relatively large animal. Well... consider this.... even if you feed your cat every day, it's still a predator... it is what it is. When you let it outside, it goes hunting, picking through the ground cover, trying to flush rodents, etc. If it doesn't look up and spot the owl, the first hint that something is wrong, may be its last thought in life, when it feels the owl's talons penetrate its back, crushing its spine.

The owl "mantles" over the dead cat, spreading its wings as a warning to other raptors that it is guarding its prey and will fight to retain it, as it starts to tear the cat's carcass open, so that it can fly the dismembered pieces to a safer location. What if the bobcat or fox comes out of the brush behind the owl while it is thus engaged?
Habitat and Camouflage
Great horned owls are extremely adaptive, and have the broadest range of any owl in the Americas. They are found in many different habitats, from sub-arctic tundra and prairie to mixed deciduous and coniferous forests, to mangrove swamps and rain forests, and natural selection tweaks the color of their feathers to fit in and hide in almost any habitat.

In addition, the symmetrical shape of an owl's head, with its shorter, broader neck, assists the owl in remaining hidden from potential prey or predator. With the 270 degree neck rotation, the owl may survey its surroundings without moving its torso or legs, and with its less clearly defined profile, compared to, say, a hawk, the owl is much less likely to be noticed by other animals. I have observed well camouflaged screech owls basically disappear by simply shutting their eyes.
Territory, Courtship and Nesting
The male great horned owl defends a territory ranging in size from a square mile to about 4 square miles, with the availability of prey and the location of other great horned owl territories being the main limiting factors. Other males are forcefully excluded from their territory. They tend to be monogamous with their mates, and begin hooting back and forth in October or November.

There is something comically humorless about owls, in the sense that I've never seen an owl do anything that appeared to be playful, or fulfilling any desire for amusement. While we often see red tails chasing each other and diving as a part of courtship, owls appear stiff and serious, always businesslike. Even their courtship is almost formal, with the male bowing and presenting food, and the rubbing of beaks.

Great horned owls nest very early in the season and the female can often be seen incubating her eggs in February, covered with snow, while the male is out hunting and providing for both of them. Just as this "winged tiger" rules the night, its diurnal counterpart, the red tailed hawk, handles the day shift, preying on many of the same animals. Their territories may overlap, but great horned owls nest earlier in the winter, and since they do not build nests, but rather tend to appropriate the work of others, may take over last year's red tail nest. Great horned owls may also take over a large squirrel's nest, or use any cavity, such as in a tree, on a ledge, etc.

On occasion, these raptors may take each other's chicks, and a great horned owl may attack a red tail's nest while the hawks are roosting, but generally the two birds of prey will coexist in the same territory. If you are hiking during the late winter- early spring nesting season, and you are threatened by a great horned owl, or, for that matter, by a northern goshawk, take it to heart and turn around, or go around in a wide circle. They are warning you away from the area of their nest, and they are the only birds of prey who have on occasion actually attacked people.

Great horned owl egg clutches average two or three, laid over a number of days, which the female incubates for about 5 weeks, continuing the incubation until the hatched chicks are about two weeks old. Chicks are born sequentially, so there's a real advantage to being the oldest, in terms of relative size, and the ability to shove aside your smaller siblings when food is offered. Chicks begin crawling out of the nest to perch on nearby branches, at 6 weeks, about a week before they start to fly. The young owls will stretch and exercise their wings.

Their initial flight may succeed, or they may flutter to the ground, and begin calling to their parents. The parents have no way to pick up the young owl, so they will feed it on the ground until it flies successfully, or a predator discovers it and ends it life.

If you're camping, or hiking, and you discover a great horned owl chick on the ground, try to locate the nest, by looking at branches, tree hollows and ledges around you. If you find the nest, throw a sweatshirt or towel over the young owl, and gently gather it up. This should protect your from its talons. Then, climb up and return the chick to its nest. If there is another chick present, don't be surprised if that young owl boots its sibling out of the nest... again. One way to create more food for yourself, is to kick your sibling out of the nest. If you're uncertain what to do, call us at 855-Wolf-Man.
Why Are Females Larger Than Males?
I don't know that there's any conclusively proven theory for this, but I suspect it has to do with the division of labor, and either way, I love to speculate, so here goes. Great horned owls have not evolved dramatically in millions of years. If we could ask Mother Nature why, she'd probably scratch her head, and say, "what exactly would we fix here? ...... like requiem sharks, they're perfect predators."

All birds are essentially descended from theropod dinosaurs, and the earliest "birds", for example, archaeopteryx, one of those "missing link" creatures, shared features of both. In any case, raptors certainly did evolve, from ancestors who themselves probably evolved in eco-systems where the raptors themselves had to be wary of their own predators. During the nesting season, female raptors tend to incubate the eggs, while the male is out hunting. When you're hunting, speed and agility are more important than size, but when you're defending the nest against attacks by larger predators, which of the females survived? The big girls did, and whenever they had female offspring, they'd pass those "big girl" genes down to their female chicks. Or, maybe not.
Digestion & Other Yucky Stuff
Owls lack a crop, the throat pouch where other birds store food prior to digestion. Food goes down the esophagus to the proventriculus, a stomach-like organ, where enzymes, acids and mucus begin to break the food down. Next stop is the gizzard, or ventriculous, which separates out the indigestible parts, like bones, teeth and fur, which will be regurgitated later as grayish-white, sausage-shaped pellets or "castings", within about 12 to 24 hours of feeding. The act of casting signals that the bird is ready to feed again.

Like reptiles and amphibians, birds have only a single intestinal waste vent, the cloaca, from which they expunge a fecally acidic white paste and a clear urinary fluid. The reproductive organs are also concealed within the cloaca, which is why, aside from the fact that females are considerably larger, you can not tell a raptor's sex without a blood test. Owls often perch on pine branches high above and along the Wildlife Refuge trail, so look for the tell-tale castings under the trees, or the whitewash fecal spray on the trunks and branches.
Longevity and Mortality
Once they get past that first critical year, great horned owls live about 15 years in the wild. Starvation tends to be the number one killer of wild animals, and in captivity, with starvation off the table, great horned owls may live 30 to 35 years.

Adult great horned owls have no serious predators, though they may occasionally be killed by golden eagles, or northern goshawks. Foxes, bobcats, coyotes or domestic cats, may kill an owl caught out in the open while mantling over prey. The number one cause of death among young owls is starvation, while others are taken by hawks. Many owls are struck by cars, while diving at prey attracted by roadside apple cores and other food waste. Please, don't litter, but if you throw organic waste out the car window, get it away from the road.

Great horned owls are occasionally shot by farmers, or poisoned when they eat rodenticide killed rodents. If you insist on using pesticides and rodenticides, understand that you are not only killing bugs and rodents, but the predators which eat them as well. Our use of poisons is not only ultimately self-defeating, but poisons will eventually end up in our drinking water. If you have a rodent problem inside, get a cat. Outside, build nesting boxes for barred owls, screech owls, kestrels and barn owls. They'll control your rodents.
Photo: Artemis, the female held by Wendy, became tangled in barbed wire shortly after first leaving the nest in North Carolina, photo by Terry Hawthorne. Utah, the male held by Steve, was struck by a car in Utah, photograph by Bill Woodall. Two shots of great horned owl chicks, pre-fledge, by Kevin and Deb MacKenzie.
Steve and Wendy Hall run the Adirondack Wildlife Refuge and Rehab Center in Wilmington. They've been rehabbing and releasing wild animals for over 45 years, specialize in predators, keep wolves as the cornerstone of their educational program, and have lived in the Adirondacks for the past 20 years. The Adirondack Wildlife Refuge became a non-profit about 10 years ago.Visit www.AdirondackWildlife.org to learn more.

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The Great Horned Owl: Greatest Adirondack Predator? -

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The great horned owl may be the most efficient predator that has ever lived on earth

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A VTuber (a portmanteau of "Virtual YouTuber") is an online entertainer who uses a virtual avatar to create content, typically on platforms like YouTube and Twitch. Instead of showing their real face, they use a digital character—often with an anime-inspired design—that moves and talks in real-time. This is achieved through motion-capture technology and software that tracks the performer's facial expressions and movements and applies them to the avatar.

The appeal of VTubing lies in its unique blend of performance, storytelling, and technology. It allows creators to build a distinct online persona, often with a unique backstory and character, while maintaining their privacy. This has led to a diverse range of VTubers, from those who primarily stream video games to those who host talk shows, sing, or create art.

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The influence of Vtuber and streamer's credibility on general audience and Otaku's game purchase intent

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อภิญญา สุรกานนท์

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อิทธิพลของความน่าเชื่อถือของวีทูบเบอร์และสตรีมเมอร์ที่มีต่อความตั้งใจซื้อเกมของผู้ชมทั่วไปและโอตาคุ

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การวิจัยครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อ (1) เพื่อหาปัจจัยของความน่าเชื่อถือที่สามารถทำนายความตั้งใจซื้อเกมของผู้ชมทั่วไปและโอตาคุ (2) เพื่อวิเคราะห์ความแตกต่างระหว่างความน่าเชื่อถือของวีทูบเบอร์และสตรีมเมอร์ที่ส่งผลต่อความตั้งใจซื้อเกมในกลุ่มโอตาคุและผู้ชมทั่วไป โดยการวิจัยครั้งนี้ใช้ความน่าเชื่อถือ (ความเชี่ยวชาญในการเล่นเกม ความน่าดึงดูดใจ ความไว้วางใจ) ของวีทูบเบอร์และสตรีมเมอร์เป็นปัจจัยที่ใช้ในการทำนายความตั้งใจซื้อเกมในกลุ่มผู้ชมทั่วไปและกลุ่มโอตาคุ ผู้วิจัยเลือก วีทูบเบอร์ Aisha Channel และสตรีมเมอร์ zbing z เป็นตัวแทนในงานวิจัย ซึ่งการวิจัยครั้งนี้เป็นการวิจัยเชิงปริมาณใช้เทคนิคการสำรวจ กลุ่มตัวอย่างในการวิจัย คือ ผู้ที่มีคุณสมบัติเป็นโอตาคุ 200 คน และ ผู้ชมทั่วไป 200 คน และใช้แบบสอบถามออนไลน์ (Survey Monkey) ในการเก็บรวบรวมข้อมูล และวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลด้วยการวิเคราะห์การถดถอยเชิงพหุคูณ ผลการวิจัยพบว่า ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างความน่าเชื่อถือต่อความตั้งใจซื้อของวีทูบเบอร์และสตรีมเมอร์ในกลุ่มผู้ชมทั่วไปและกลุ่มโอตาคุมีความสัมพันธ์เชิงบวกอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ และการวิเคราะห์การถดถอยเชิงพหุคูณ พบว่า องค์ประกอบสำคัญสำหรับการเพิ่มความตั้งใจซื้อเกมของ Aisha Channel ในกลุ่มผู้ชมทั่วไป คือ ความเชี่ยวชาญในการเล่นเกม และความน่าดึงดูดใน และกลุ่มโอตาคุ คือ ความเชี่ยวชาญในการเล่นเกม และความไว้วางใจ องค์ประกอบสำคัญสำหรับการเพิ่มความตั้งใจซื้อเกมของ zbring z. ในกลุ่มผู้ชมทั่วไป คือ ความน่าดึงดูดใจ และกลุ่มโอตาคุ คือ ความน่าดึงดูดใจและความไว้วางใจ

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A Study of Business Model for Online Teaching Using VTuber

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A Study of Business Model for Online Teaching Using VTuber

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วรุตม์ ภาสุรกุล

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A Study of Business Model for Online Teaching Using VTuber

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More Kawaii than a Real-Person Live Streamer: Understanding

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More Kawaii than a Real-Person Live Streamer: Understanding

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How the Otaku Community Engages with and Perceives Virtual

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A Comparison of Attitudes towards Virtual YouTubers and Behavioral

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Responses to Product Placement of Thai and Japanese consumers

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The influence of V-Tuberaffects the decision to buy V-tuber product

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Vtuber อาชีพสาย Content Creator ในแบบ Twist โดนใจ-เปิดโลกคนรุ่นใหม่

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Vtuber อาชีพสาย Content Creator ในแบบ Twist โดนใจ-เปิดโลกคนรุ่นใหม่

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Content Creator เช่น Streamer หรือ YouTuber เป็นสายอาชีพใหม่ที่เกิดขึ้นมา เพราะความต้องการ Content บันเทิงผ่านระบบ Platform Online เช่น Twitch และ YouTube มีมากขึ้น บวกกับอุตสาหกกรรม Digital Content เติบโตขึ้นอย่างรวดเร็ว ลักษณะ Contents ก็มีความหลากหลายและแตกต่างกันออกไป ไม่ว่าจะเป็นการ Cast วิดีโอเกม การพูดคุย ฯลฯ แต่ด้วยปัจจุบัน Streamer ล้นตลาด จึงจำเป็นต้องสร้าง จุดขาย หรือ จุดเด่นเพื่อตอบสนองความต้องการเป็น "Niche" มากขึ้น หนึ่งในนั้นที่กำลังเด่นและมาแรงก็คือ "Vtuber"

"Vtuber" หรือ Virtual YouTuber คือ Live Streamer หรือ YouTuber ที่ใช้ตัวละครการ์ตูน Avatar เป็นหน้าเป็นตาของ Streamer แทนที่จะใช้หน้าตาจริงของตนเอง โดยตัวละครสามารถเคลื่อนไหวและทำสีหน้าท่าทางต่าง ๆ ได้ผ่านอุปกรณ์หรือ App Motion Capture และ Live 2D Animation ของตัวละคร Vtuber เป็นวัฒนธรรมที่เกิดจากประเทศญี่ปุ่นแต่ได้รับความนิยมสูง จนเป็นที่นิยมในทั้งในฝั่งตะวันตกและภูมิภาค ASEAN Vtuber เปรียบเทียบเหมือนกับการแสดงมวยปล้ำ ด้วยการทำให้ผู้ชมเชื่อว่าตัวละครนั้นรู้สึก "เป็นจริง" หรือ "Make-Believe" แต่ Vtuber มีข้อได้เปรียบ เพราะสามารถมีปฏิสัมพันธ์กับผู้ชมได้ใกล้ชิดและมีความถี่มากกว่าในฐานะเป็น "ตัวละคร" เพราะ Vtuber ต้องสวมบทบาททั้งใน Stream และ Social Media ทำให้มีการปฏิสัมพันธ์แบบต่อเนื่อง ทั้งกับผู้ชมและ Vtuber คนอื่น ๆ

รูปที่ 1 วิดีโอ【DEBUT STREAM】Hi!🐙 #hololiveEnglish #holoMyth ปี 2563, รูป capture จาก YouTube.com

Vtuber ถือเป็น New Trend ที่เพิ่งมีการ Breakout ในปลายปี 2016 กับ Kizuna AI ที่ประสบความสำเร็จในการจับ Mainstream Audience เป็นครั้งแรก มีมากถึง 2 ล้าน Subscribers บน YouTube ในปี 2018 ที่เป็นปี "Breakout" โดย Kizuna AI มีสโลแกนว่า "I want to connect with everyone" ทำให้มี Contents ในลักษณะแนว Host-Show ที่ผสมการถ่ายทำผ่าน Virtual Reality ซึ่งคือการถ่ายทำ Kizuna ให้อยู่ใน Virtual Environment และมีการทำท่าทาง Animation ต่าง ๆ โดยมี Skit และเรื่องเล่าแบบกันเอง ทำให้ผู้รับชมชื่นชอบในนิสัยและบุคลิกของตัวละคร ขณะเดียวกัน Kizuna เวลาอยู่นอกโชว์ ก็จะมีปฏิสัมพันธ์กับแฟน ๆ อย่างรวดเร็ว ต่อเนื่อง เป็นกันเอง ถือเป็นการวางมาตรฐานให้กับ Vtuber รุ่นต่อ ๆ มาในการวางตัวผ่าน Social Media และ Live Stream

Kizuna AI ถือเป็นแรงผลักดันสำคัญที่ทำให้ Vtuber โด่งดัง ด้วยนิสัยเป็นมิตร น่ารัก ทำให้ Kizuna ถูกเลือกให้เป็นทูตการท่องเที่ยวญี่ปุ่น จากองค์การส่งเสริมการท่องเที่ยวแห่งประเทศญึ่ปุ่น (JNTO) กับ New York Office ปี 2018 ในแคมเปญ "Come to Japan" เพื่อส่งเสริมให้ชาวอเมริกันมาเที่ยวญี่ปุ่น โดย Kizuna จะเล่าเรื่องอาหาร สถานที่ท่องเที่ยวต่าง ๆ วัฒนธรรม ผ่านเว็บไซต์การทูตและวิดีโอของตน

ภาพที่ 2 Come to Japan' Booth at Japan Week Event features Japan trip giveaway and virtual YouTuber Kizuna AI ปี 2561, เว็บ TravelDailyNews.asia

Trend Vtuber ยังคงเดินหน้าอย่างแข็งแรงต่อไป ในปัจจุบันปี 2022 และมีการขยายตัวเป็นในระดับนานาชาติ Mainstream อย่างรวดเร็วตั้งแต่ Kizuna AI's Breakout ในญี่ปุ่น เห็นได้ชัดเจนว่าเกิดขึ้นในหลายภูมิภาค เช่น บริษัท Hololive, Nijiansanji จากญี่ปุ่นแต่มีสาขาแยกได้แก่ สาขา Vtuber EN สำหรับ Vtuber ที่พูดภาษาอังกฤษเป็นหลัก Vtuber China Vtuber India Vtuber South Korean และ Vtuber Indonesia Vshoujo จาก America รวมทั้งของไทยก็มี Aisha Vtuber ไทย ที่ได้รับความนิยมสูงสุด 450,000 Subscribers และยังเพิ่มขึ้นอย่างต่อเนื่อง

จากรายงานของสำนักข่าว Bloomberg เมื่อวันที่ 6 เมษายน 2022 พบดาวรุ่ง Streamer Twitch ผู้หญิง Puerto Rican ที่เป็น Vtuber สวมบทบาทในชื่อ IronMouse โดยเป็น Streamer ผู้หญิงอันดับหนึ่งที่มียอด Subscribers มากที่สุดและเป็นอันดับ 3 ที่มียอด Subscriber โดยรวมมากที่สุด โดยมียอดอยู่ที่ 171,800 subscribers

นอกจากนี้ก็มี Vtuber ในฝั่ง YouTube ที่โด่งดังเช่น Gawr Gura "สาวน้อยฉลาม" จาก Hololive EN ที่เปิดตัวครั้งแรกในปี 2020 ปัจจุบัน ปี 2022 มีมากถึง 4 ล้าน Subscribers เป็น Vtuber ที่เติบเร็วที่สุดและใหญ่ที่สุดบนYouTube มียอดรายได้ Superchat อยู่ที่ 21,660,132 บาท ในปี 2021 เป็นอันดับที่ 14 ที่ได้รับ Superchat มากสุดในปีนั้น นอกเหนือจากนี้ตามข้อมูลของเว็บไซต์ Playbroad ช่อง YouTube 3 อันดับแรกที่มียอดเงินจาก Superchat มากที่สุดโดยรวม ก็เป็น Vtuber ทั้งหมดเช่นกัน Rushia (116,586,674 บาท) Coco (104,864,712 บาท) และ Pekoro (80,752,118 บาท) ทั้ง 3 มาจากกลุ่ม Hololive JP ตามลำดับมากสุดไปน้อยที่สุด

รูปซ้าย 3 (IronMouse) Twitch's New Star of Streaming Charts Is Anime Avatar Ironmouse ปี 2565, เว็บ Bloomberg.com รูปขวา 4 (Gawr Gura) The Vtuber Industry: Corporatization, Labor, and Kawaii ปี 2563. เว็บ Vice.com

ในประเทศไทยก็มี Vtuber เกิดขึ้นมามากมายตามความนิยมเช่นกลุ่ม Polygon ประกอบด้วย Talent ที่โด่งดังอย่าง Aisha ที่มี Subscribers มากที่สุดในไทย (461K Subscribers) และ Zona เป็นอันดับ 2 (100K Subscribers) เป็นต้น โดยมีคอนเทนต์ Cast เกม ร้องเพลงและอื่น ๆ ตามความสามารถของ Talent แต่ละคน

รูปที่ 5 Vtuber | Polygon Project ปี 2565, จากเว็บไซต์ Polygon Project: Vtuber

คุณ Jason Krebs Chief Business Officer ของ StreamElements บริษัทที่ทำ Platform ให้เครื่องมือช่วยเหลือในการ Stream ได้กล่าวว่า Streamer Anime และการเล่นสวมบทบาทตัวละคร เป็น Trend ที่กำลังมาอย่างร้อนแรง และ Vtuber ก็คือการนำสามสิ่งมารวมกันอย่างลงตัว กระแสตอบรับดีมาก ซึ่งชัดเจนว่า Virtual Content Creators ประสบความสำเร็จและจะเติบโตอย่างมีอนาคต

นอกจากนี้ ตลาด Vtuber ยังเปิดช่องทางด้านอาชีพที่เกี่ยวข้องมากมาย ทั้งในด้าน Business และ Creative ด้าน Creative นอกจากเป็น Vtuber เองแล้ว ยังสามารถเปิดช่องทางให้ศิลปินมาร่วมทำงานด้านออกแบบตัวละคร การจัดงานเปิดตัว การทำ Animation และการทำ Model Rigging ผ่านเทคโนโลยี Live2D รวมทั้งงานทำ Subtitle แปลเป็นภาษาต่างๆ และ Voice Acting ที่สร้างสีสันให้กับผู้ชมด้วย

ด้าน Business จะมี Manager ที่ต้องดูแล จัดเตรียมด้านเอกสาร กฎหมาย การทำข้อตกลง และ Networking กับบริษัทต่าง ๆ เพื่อหา Sponsor การจัดโชว์ หรือ คำอนุญาต Streaming การเล่นเกมในฐานะการเป็น Partner ส่วนเมืองไทยก็มีสโมสรกลุ่ม Polygon ที่ทำงานในรูปแบบดังกล่าว

อีกมุมหนึ่ง Vtuber สามารถเป็น Influencer ที่สำคัญให้กับบริษัทหรือองค์กรต่าง ๆ โดยเฉพาะด้านการตลาด Digital Content เพื่อโปรโมทสินค้า ส่งเสริมภาพลักษณ์สินค้า ถือเป็นการต่อยอดด้าน Soft Power ได้อีกทาง อย่างปี 2020 Vtuber ญี่ปุ่นชื่อ Ayapan และ Jajami ได้รับเชิญร่วมงานสถานทูตบราซิลในกรุงโตเกียวของญี่ปุ่น เพื่อนำเสนอ Contents ที่ Ayapan กับ Jajami แสดง อย่างเช่น การสอนภาษาโปรตุเกส โดยทูตบราซิลเห็นว่าตัว Vtuber และ Contents จะเป็นสะพานสานสัมพันธ์ระหว่างญี่ปุ่นกับบราซิลได้

ด้านภาพลักษณ์แบรนด์และการโฆษณาก็มีตัว Mascot Vtuber อย่าง Nebasei Cocoro ของ Rohto Pharmaceutical บริษัทยาญี่ปุ่น และ Fumi Housu ของ Farmhouse ขนมปังไทยเรา ที่ใช้ตัวละครโปรโมตสินค้าและทำ Live Stream เป็นการสร้าง PR และ Engagement เพื่อสร้างความมูลค่าเพิ่มให้กับสินค้า

รูปซ้าย 6 วิดีโอ สวัสดีค่าาา Fumi Hausu🍞 (ฟูมิ เฮาสุ) มาแล้วทุกคนนน ปี 2565, รูป capture จาก YouTube.com

รูปขวา 7 VTuberが駐日ブラジル大使館に訪問 大使と交流会を実施 ปี 2563, เว็บไซต์ Mogu Live

Vtuber ถือเป็นการต่อยอดในตลาดของ Live Streamer ที่ผสมผสานความต้องการของผู้คน Trend และความแปลกใหม่จนเกิดเป็นตลาดใหม่ในกลุ่ม Streamer/Content Creator ขึ้นมาการันตีกลุ่มลูกค้าชัดเจนและแน่นอน ทำให้ภาคเอกชนหลายแห่งนำไปใช้สร้างภาพลักษณ์และขยายกลุ่มลูกค้า ขณะเดียวกันภาครัฐก็สามารถใช้ Influence ของ Vtuber ช่วยเผยแพร่เป็นวัฒนธรรม ความรู้ หรือการสร้างความบันเทิงกับคนรุ่นใหม่ได้ จากที่ depa ให้ความสำคัญกับเทคโนโลยีและ Digital Content Vtuber ถือเป็นประตูบานใหม่ ที่จะเป็นกุญแจเชื่อมระหว่างคนรุ่นใหม่กับภาครัฐได้เป็นอย่างดี

โดย นายอริญชย์ ศิริชาติเสน

ส่วนส่งเสริมการตลาด ฝ่ายส่งเสริมอุตสาหกรรมดิจิทัลตร์

สำนักงานส่งเสริมเศรษฐกิจดิจิทัล

อ้างอิง

1. https://www.traveldailynews.asia/come-to-japan-booth-at-japan-week-event-features-japan-trip

2. https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/10/13/national/media-national/kizuna-ais-nhk-appearance-sparks-debate-social-media/

3. https://www.playboard.co/en/youtube-ranking/most-superchatted-all-channels-in-worldwide-total

4. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-04-06/twitch-s-new-star-of-streaming-charts-is-anime-avatar-ironmouse

5. https://www.vice.com/en/article/akdj3z/the-vtuber-industry-corporatization-labor-and-kawaii

6. https://www.redjuice.fanbox.cc/posts/2483994

7. https://www.moguravr.com/vtuber-brazil-embassy/

8. https://www.virtual-youtuber.userlocal.jp/document/ranking

9. https://www.techtimes.com/articles/276052/20220529/youtuber-vtuber-now-trend-heres-why-unique-become-one.htm

10. https://www.ironvertex.com/

11. https://www.plg.tv/

12. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujCxiHpVYmg

13. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pTh_klItZTA

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Vtuber อาชีพสาย Content Creator ในแบบ Twist โดนใจ-เปิดโลกคนรุ่นใหม่

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Content Creator เช่น Streamer หรือ YouTuber เป็นสายอาชีพใหม่ที่เกิดขึ้นมา เพราะความต้องการ Content บันเทิงผ่านระบบ Platform Online เช่น Twitch และ YouTube มีมากขึ้น บวกกับอุตสาหกกรรม Digital Content เติบโตขึ้นอย่างรวดเร็ว ลักษณะ Contents ก็มีความหลากหลายและแตกต่างกันออกไป ไม่ว่าจะเป็นการ Cast วิดีโอเกม การพูดคุย ฯลฯ แต่ด้วยปัจจุบัน Streamer ล้นตลาด จึงจำเป็นต้องสร้าง จุดขาย หรือ จุดเด่นเพื่อตอบสนองความต้องการเป็น "Niche" มากขึ้น หนึ่งในนั้นที่กำลังเด่นและมาแรงก็คือ "Vtuber" "Vtuber" หรือ Virtual YouTuber คือ Live Streamer หรือ YouTuber ที่ใช้ตัวละครการ์ตูน

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CAUSAL FACTORS AFFECTING PURCHASE DECISION OF SUBSCRIBING

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CAUSAL FACTORS AFFECTING PURCHASE DECISION OF SUBSCRIBING

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MEMBERSHIP VTUBER OF CONSUMERS IN THAILAND

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Image Communication and Strategy Affecting Gamer Fans’ Loyalty towards Vtuber: A Case Study of Nijisanji and Hololive Production

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Image Communication and Strategy Affecting Gamer Fans’ Loyalty towards Vtuber: A Case Study of Nijisanji and Hololive Production

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นโยบายการคุ้มครองข้อมูลส่วนบุคคล Privacy policy

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Live2D is an animation technology that brings 2D illustrations to life with dynamic movement and depth, without needing to create a full 3D model or hand-draw every frame. In the present day, Live2D is an industry-standard tool with widespread use across several major fields:

1. Virtual YouTubers (VTubers): The Dominant Use

Industry Standard: Live2D is the go-to technology for most professional and independent VTubers. Major agencies like Hololive and Nijisanji heavily utilize Live2D for their 2D avatars. In fact, a significant percentage of Live2D Cubism Pro users are or create Vtubers.

Real-time Interaction: The technology excels when combined with real-time motion capture (using webcams or dedicated apps like VTube Studio and nizima LIVE) to track the creator's head movements, eye movements, and perform lip-syncing. This enables highly engaging, live, and expressive streaming content.

Aesthetics and Accessibility: It allows creators to maintain the charm and intricate detail of original 2D illustrations, which is a major aesthetic draw for anime and manga fans. It's often preferred over 3D models for this reason and also because the models can be less resource-intensive to run during streams.

2. Gaming and Apps:

Mobile and Console Games: Live2D is extensively used in video games, particularly in the mobile and visual novel sectors, to animate character sprites for dialogue, menus, and dynamic scenes. Notable examples include games like Azur Lane and many visual novels.

Preserving 2D Art: It's valued by game developers for its ability to create lively, expressive characters while perfectly preserving the look and feel of the original, high-quality 2D character art.

SDKs: Live2D provides SDKs (Software Development Kits) for various platforms and game engines like Unity, Native, Web, and Cocos Creator, making integration into different projects seamless.

3. The Live2D Ecosystem:

Marketplace: Platforms like Nizima serve as dedicated marketplaces where illustrators and Live2D riggers can sell pre-made or custom-order illustrations and Live2D models, fostering a robust creator economy.

Supporting Software: Live2D Ltd. continues to develop supporting software like nizima LIVE for easy real-time face tracking and nizima Action for creating short-form Live2D video content.

Education and Community: There is a large, active global community with abundant learning materials, tutorials, and courses (like Live2D JUKU) to help both beginners and professionals master the art of rigging and animation.

In short, Live2D remains a dynamic, highly relevant, and often preferred tool for 2D real-time expression, with its current prominence being overwhelmingly driven by the massive popularity and growth of the VTuber phenomenon.

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Live2D Cubism | イラストに命が宿る感動を - 描かれた「絵」そのものを自在に動かす表現技術。

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Live2Dが採用された商用作品のデータベース。Live2D表現に関する情報を含め、Live2Dを使用するすべてのクリエイターの参考になる情報を蓄積・掲載しています。

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CartoonAlive: Towards Expressive Live2D Modeling from Single Portraits

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CartoonAlive: Towards Expressive Live2D Modeling from Single Portraits

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CartoonAlive: Towards Expressive Live2D Modeling from Single Portraits

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(cvpr) Package cvpr Warning: Single column document - CVPR requires papers to have two-column layout. Please load document class ‘article’ with ‘twocolumn’ option

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Study Of Audience Viewing Experience On Enhancing The Smoothness And Stereoscopic Effect Of 2D Animation Using Live2D

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Study Of Audience Viewing Experience On Enhancing The Smoothness And Stereoscopic Effect Of 2D Animation Using Live2D

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Study Of Audience Viewing Experience On Enhancing The Smoothness And Stereoscopic Effect Of 2D Animation Using Live2D

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This research addresses the growing expectations of animation audiences by exploring the potential of Live2D technology in enhancing 2D animation. While traditional 2D animation is artistically diverse, it struggles with smooth movements and realistic depth. Live2D technology, successful in gaming and virtual broadcasting, offers a solution through a deformable layer system. This study identifies key gaps in Live2D’s application in anime, particularly with rotational animations. The methodology involves creating a Live2D short film and gathering audience feedback via a five-point Likert scale questionnaire. Using tools like Live2D Cubism, SAI, PS, and AE, the production process highlights Live2D’s potential. Comparative analysis with traditional 2D segments shows Live2D’s superiority in smoothness and depth, enhancing the visual experience. Positive audience feedback confirms Live2D’s aesthetic benefits. Despite limitations, this study paves the way for future research in various applications, broader demographics, and monitoring Live2D’s development. It offers valuable insights for animators exploring innovative approaches in content creation, fostering creative and technological progress in the industry.

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Textoon: Generating Vivid 2D Cartoon Characters from Text Descriptions

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Textoon: Generating Vivid 2D Cartoon Characters from Text Descriptions

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(cvpr) Package cvpr Warning: Single column document - CVPR requires papers to have two-column layout. Please load document class 'article' with 'twocolumn' option

Chao He, Jianqiang Ren, Liefeng Bo
Tongyi Lab, Alibaba Group
{yichao.hc, jianqiang.rjq, liefeng.bo}@alibaba-inc.com

Abstract

The 2D cartoon style is a prominent art form in digital character creation, particularly popular among younger audiences. While advancements in digital human technology have spurred extensive research into photorealistic digital humans and 3D characters, interactive 2D cartoon characters have received comparatively less attention. Unlike 3D counterparts, which require sophisticated construction and resource-intensive rendering, Live2D, a widely-used format for 2D cartoon characters, offers a more efficient alternative, which allows to animate 2D characters in a manner that simulates 3D movement without the necessity of building a complete 3D model. Furthermore, Live2D employs lightweight HTML5 (H5) rendering, improving both accessibility and efficiency. In this technical report, we introduce Textoon, an innovative method for generating diverse 2D cartoon characters in the Live2D format based on text descriptions. The Textoon leverages cutting-edge language and vision models to comprehend textual intentions and generate 2D appearance, capable of creating a wide variety of stunning and interactive 2D characters within one minute. The project homepage is https://human3daigc.github.io/Textoon_webpage/.

1 Introduction

Cartoon characters are fictional beings often often distinguished by their adorable appearances and vivid colors. They are widely used in films, games, social media, and advertising. Cartoon characters can be crafted in both 2D and 3D styles. While 3D animations provide greater freedom for creation and control, they typically come with higher costs and depend on rendering engines. Conversely, creating 2D cartoon digital characters is more straightforward and efficient, making them especially suitable for devices with limited processing power, such as mobile phones and web applications. In the realm of 2D cartoon characters, Live2D[3 ] has emerged as a leading standard for delivering real-time interactive performance.

Live2D is a technology used to create 2D character models with 3D-like interactivity. Live2D works by using a model that consists of a base illustration and a set of control points that define how different parts of the character can move. These movements can be controlled, allowing for a wide range of expressions and actions. Live2D effectively converts original 2D artwork into dynamic, animated characters. Its user-friendly, 2D interface makes it accessible for new illustrators and designers. Additionally, the lightweight models are highly compatible across various platforms, including HTML5 (H5).

While Live2D has made it easier to create animated 2D characters, the detailed processes of layering and mesh binding can still be time-consuming and labor-intensive. Additionally, modifying existing Live2D models to achieve different appearances remains a challenge. To tackle these issues, we present Textoon-a framework designed to generate diverse Live2D models from text descriptions. Utilizing existing Live2D models and advanced generative technologies, Textoon empowers users to create customized Live2D models with straightforward textual prompts. The key features of Textoon include:

Accurate Text Parsing. Our text parsing model excels at extracting detailed information from complex user descriptions. It accurately identifies features such as back hair, side hair, bangs, eye color, eyebrows, face shape, clothing type, and shoe type. This advanced text parsing capability allows for more flexible user inputs.

Controllable Appearance Generation. After parsing the text, each component is synthesized into a comprehensive character template. The contour boundaries offer precise control over the shape of the generated character, while a text-to-image model takes charge of generating the inner color and texture.

Editable. If users are not satisfied with the initial generated result and wish to modify specific details,our framework provides assistance in selecting specific positions to add, remove, or modify elements.

Animation. The control coefficients for the Live2D model's mouth primarily include MouthOpenY and MouthForm. MouthOpenY controls the vertical movement of the mouth, while MouthForm adjusts the expressions, such as upturning and grimacing. However, these controls often result in suboptimal driving performance. To enhance the accuracy of speech animations for cartoon characters, we integrate ARKit's face blend shape capabilities into the Live2D lip-sync functionality. This integration significantly improves the realism and precision of the animated speech.

Our main contributions in this work are as follows:

*

To the best of our knowledge, Textoon is the first method that enables the generation of Live2D characters from text prompts, capable of creating a new 2D cartoon character within a minute without the need for manual binding.

*

We fine-tune the LLM to accurately extract descriptive terms for each body component from complex texts, ensuring that the generated results closely align with the user's input. Additionally, we leverage the capabilities of text-to-image models to create a wide variety of stunning animatable 2D cartoon characters.

*

By refactoring the Live2D facial animation mechanism, we significantly improve facial expressiveness.

2 Related Work

Text-to-digital human. ChatAvatar[13 ] utilizes text inputs to generate facial assets with ultra-high-resolution textures, revolutionizing the traditional process of creating 3D assets. Using a diffusion model and a comprehensive facial asset dataset, it produces computer-generated (CG) assets that are compatible with mainstream rendering engines through text-based interactions, thereby simplifying the user experience. However, the generated outputs are incomplete and lack elements such as hair, eyeballs, bodies, and clothing, making them difficult for users to use directly.

Make-A-Character[8 ] allows users to create high-quality, fully detailed, and animatable 3D digital humans through simple text descriptions. Users can specify features such as facial shape, eye characteristics, iris color, hairstyles and their colors, types of eyebrows, mouths, and noses, as well as the addition of wrinkles and freckles. However, the generated results require a powerful rendering engine and incur high computational costs to render.

Diffusion models and ControlNet. Stable Diffusion (SD)[9 ] exemplifies the powerful capabilities of diffusion models by integrating the UNet framework to iteratively generate images conditioned on text descriptions. ControlNet[12 ] enhances the control and flexibility of generative models, including diffusion models. It introduces additional control signals or constraints into the generation process, thereby improving the accuracy and consistency of the generated results. This approach significantly expands the range of applications and use cases of generative models. Through conditional generation methods, ControlNet can produce high-quality data that meet specific constraints or requirements, showcasing powerful functionality and potential in areas such as artistic creation, virtual reality, and film production.

Large Language Models. Large Language Models (LLMs) typically refer to language models with hundreds of billions or even more parameters. Using vast amounts of data, powerful computational hardware, and Transformer architectures[10 ], these language models have been scaled to unprecedented sizes. Early research on LLM, such as T5[6 ], employed transfer learning techniques. Subsequently, GPT-3[2 ] demonstrated that LLMs could achieve zero-shot transfer to downstream tasks without the need for fine-tuning. When provided with task descriptions and example prompts, LLMs can generate accurate responses. For example, the latest Qwen2.5 model[11 ], trained on an exceptionally large dataset of 18 trillion tokens, excels at following instructions, generating extended texts, understanding structured data and producing structured outputs.

3 Live2D Generation

This section provides a detailed introduction to our approach. We begin with a brief review of the implementation principles of Live2D and introduce our component splitting method designed to enhance generation diversity. Then, we present our carefully designed modules for text parsing, controllable appearance generation, re-editing, and component completion, which enable us to generate a brand-new Live2D character from a single sentence within a minute, as shown in Fig. 2 .

3.1 Preliminary of Live2D

A typical Live2D character comprises multiple layers, including the body, clothing, hair, and other elements. Each layer is segmented into a polygon mesh, which controls the respective parts of the 2D character, as illustrated in Fig. 3 . This layered composition facilitates smooth deformations by manipulating the positions of the mesh points.

3.2 Component Splitting

Given that Live2D models consist of numerous layers, we decide to merge some intricate, smaller layers to decrease the overall layer count. While this may slightly impact the expressiveness of detailed movements, it simplifies the generation process. For each body part, we choose to use larger elements to generate smaller-scale elements, thereby enhancing the models' diversity. As illustrated in Fig. 4 , the long hair element can be utilized to create short hair variations.

3.3 Text Parsing

We need to parse the corresponding body parts from the text input and then combine them to control the next step of generation. Large language models are unable to directly extract suitable component words from complex and varied input texts. To address this, we generate descriptive text by randomly combining existing components with commonly used words, resulting in 640,000 text-component pairs. This generated data is used to fine-tune the Qwen2.5-1.5B[11 ] model. As shown in Fig. 5 , we can accurately parse component categories from complex input text at millisecond speeds within 4GB of memory (RTX 4090), achieving an accuracy rate of more than 90%.

3.4 Controllable Appearance Generation

The facial proportions of 2D cartoon characters tend to remain consistent, with their unique traits primarily found in their hair, clothing, and accessories. Furthermore, the high resolution of 2D original artwork makes the choice of image generation model especially important.

We evaluated the top text-to-image models based on control accuracy, generation quality, text relevance, and their ability to create text or patterns. Ultimately, we selected SDXL [5 ] as the optimal choice. SDXL excels in controllability, produces images with sharp edges, and supports a maximum resolution of 1024 pixels. Additionally, it handles long text descriptions effectively and generates precise text patterns accurately.

To maintain the model's driving performance, it is essential that the generated output adhere to the specified areas for each component. In our template model, we categorize the components as follows: 5 types of back hair, 3 types of mid hair, 3 types of front hair, 5 types of tops, 6 types of sleeves, 5 types of pants, 5 types of skirts, and 6 types of shoes, as shown in Fig. 6 . By combining these components and utilizing the control features of the base model, we have managed to achieve a wide variety of outputs while preserving the original driving performance.

3.5 Re-editing

We employ an image editing technique[4 ] that enables users to freely sketch specific areas and annotate these sketches with text to refine the details of the initial character image. Once the user's specifications are satisfied, the adjusted character image is finalized as the final character appearance.

3.6 Component Completion

Once the final character image is established, the next step involves parsing the image and precisely positioning each component onto their respective layers. This process presents two main challenges. The first one is achieving pixel-level segmentation for each component, a task that remains difficult even when employing the SAM2 method [7 ]. The second challenge involves addressing occluded areas. To address the first challenge, we use a template generated by the control mechanism as a mask to extract pixels directly from the original image. For the second challenge, we initially fill the occluded areas with pixels from the unoccluded regions, followed by the application of image-to-image control generation for refinement. For example, when restoring the back hair, which is largely obscured by the head (Fig. 7 ), we first erase the pixels of the head and then use image-to-image inpainting for reconstruction. This method not only prevents the generation of unwanted content but also ensures color consistency with the front hair.

3.7 Animation

Most Live2D models typically rely on just two parameters-MouthOpenY and MouthForm-for lip-syncing, leading to limited dynamic interactions. In contrast, ARKit [1 ] offers 52 parameters to capture detailed facial expressions. Inspired by ARKit's extensive parameter set, we have developed more comprehensive lip-sync parameters, as illustrated in Fig. 8 . By creating Live2D mouth blendshapes that correspond to the ARKit framework, we significantly enhance the liveliness and expressiveness of model animations, as demonstrated in Fig. 9 .

4 Results

Combining the modules mentioned above, our system is capable of generating a controllable, aesthetically pleasing, and drivable Live2D character based on a single sentence within one minute. Fig. 10 shows some of our generated outputs, which validate the effectiveness of our method in terms of visual appeal and diversity.

5 Limitation

Although we innovatively apply generative models to the creation of Live2D characters, enabling the automated generation of various 2D cartoon avatars, there are still some limitations. Firstly, our process relies on input text to generate Live2D characters, but text has difficulty conveying complex and nuanced information, making the controlled generation of details a challenge. Secondly, our generated results are constrained by the layout of the component layers in the original Live2D models, with a limited variety of component styles available.

6 Conclusion

We present Textoon, the first method for generating diverse Live2D cartoon characters from text descriptions. By harnessing cutting-edge language and vision models, Textoon can quickly create a variety of stunning and interactive 2D characters in less than a minute. We also integrate ARKit-compatible facial blendshapes, enhancing mouth movements for more expressive interactions, allowing lively conversations with users. The live2D cartoon characters generated can be seamlessly rendered using HTML5, offering a wide range of application possibilities.

References

[1] Arkit face blendshapes. Accessed: 2023-10-15. https://arkit-face-blendshapes.com/.

Inc. [2023] Live2D Inc. Live2d official website. Accessed: October 1, 2023. https://www.live2d.com, 2023.

Rombach et al. [2021] Robin Rombach, Andreas Blattmann, Dominik Lorenz, Patrick Esser, and Björn Ommer. High-resolution image synthesis with latent diffusion models, 2021.

Zhang et al. [2023a] Lvmin Zhang, Anyi Rao, and Maneesh Agrawala. Adding conditional control to text-to-image diffusion models, 2023a.

Zhang et al. [2023b] Qixuan Zhang, Longwen Zhang, Lan Xu, Di Wu, and Jingyi Yu. Chatavatar: Creating hyper-realistic physically-based 3d facial assets through ai-driven conversations. In ACM SIGGRAPH 2023 Real-Time Live!, New York, NY, USA, 2023b. Association for Computing Machinery.

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Textoon: Generating Vivid 2D Cartoon Characters from Text Descriptions

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(cvpr) Package cvpr Warning: Single column document - CVPR requires papers to have two-column layout. Please load document class ‘article’ with ‘twocolumn’ option

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Application of Smoothed Facial Motion Capture System for Live2D VTuber Model

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Application of Smoothed Facial Motion Capture System for Live2D VTuber Model

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RPG Character Design and Animation Live 2D Maka Muka Youtube Channel

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RPG Character Design and Animation Live 2D Maka Muka Youtube Channel

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ฐานข้อมูลงานวิจัย มหาวิทยาลัยสยาม

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โครงการรีดีไซน์ตัวละคร VTuber Maka Muka Channel เพื่อนำไปออกแบบ Animation Live 2D - ฐานข้อมูลงานวิจัย มหาวิทยาลัยสยาม

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6102200007 ประภัตร ภูริพงษ์ชัย – Prapat Phuripongchai. RPG Character Design and Animation Live 2D Maka Muka Youtube Channel, Advisor: อาจารย์ปัญจเวช บุญรอด - Mr. Panjawetch Boonroad, วท.บ. (แอนิเมชั่นและสื่อสร้างสรรค์) - B.Sc. (Animation and Creative Media), เทคโนโลยีสารสนเทศ (Information technology), วิทยาศาสตรบัณฑิต สาขาวิชาแอนิเมชันและสื่อสร้างสรรค์ - Bachelor of Science Program in Animation and Creative Media, 2564 (2021)

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Wake Me Up Tarot by Rattanawadee Sukapad(Aniu) and written by Roshni Sachdev.

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Wake Me Up Tarot by Rattanawadee Sukapad(Aniu) and written by Roshni Sachdev.

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2 Sep 2025 - Rob's Advice

Deliverable Media Ideas

dice based

13x6 one piece of art with all of the tarot cards as one story

different textures for blind people

Sign Language Card

Boardgame

Transparent Tarot

Mixing Card

Magnet?

Salem?

—

3 Sep 2025 - Rob's Advice

Try a different audience

Amateur tarot reader (like an introduction other than RWS)

Tarot Collector

People who come to get a card reading are people who are scared of bad fortune

Children

Ideas

Metal coaster tarot card

Tarot character design and set narrative to storytelling

Book Recommendation

Graphic design thinking: beyond brainstorming

Style Ideas

Arthur Rackham Tarot

Wonderland Tarot

Odilon Redon

What do I have to do?

1. Set narrative

2. Try styles

—

11 Sep 2025 - Karma's Advice

What do I have to do?

1. Research

styles, concept, add anime concept

Style: Wake me up tarot

How tarot card popular in Thailand

2. Self-brand, portfolio website - For future career

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The Art and Making of Arcane - Artbook Flip-Through

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The Art and Making of Arcane - Artbook Flip-Through

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The Art and Making of Arcane - Artbook Flip-Through

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Persona 5 Official Visual Works Art Book 10 Preview Pages

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Persona 5 Official Visual Works Art Book 10 Preview Pages

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Persona 5 Official Visual Works Art Book 10 Preview Pages - Persona Central

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Several preview pages of the upcoming Persona 5 Official Design Works art book have been released.

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Character Study - Mae from 'Night in the Woods'

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Character Study - Mae from 'Night in the Woods'

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Character Study - Mae from ‘Night in the Woods’, Helen Quinlan

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I chose Mae from the game ‘Night in the Woods’ to develop my own character sheet of her. This was to develop my skills in expressions, looking at characteristics, and adapting a new art style. Definitely found it enlightening for making concepts in character design.

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Unlock 2D & 3D Anime Style: A 5-Step Guide

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Unlock 2D & 3D Anime Style: A 5-Step Guide

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Explore 2D & 3D Anime Style in Global Production

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Discover global trends in 2D & 3D anime style, learn top production tips, and explore how Vitrina helps you find the best anime partners.

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The Rise of Anime and Its Growing Influence on Video Game Design

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The Rise of Anime and Its Growing Influence on Video Game Design

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Over the past decade, anime has surged in popularity, breaking through cultural barriers and captivating global audiences. Once considered a niche form of entertainment, anime is now a mainstream phenomenon, influencing everything from fashion to music-and most notably, video games. As more game developers seek to capture this rapidly growing market, the question arises: How can designers create games that tap into the anime aesthetic, appeal to its dedicated fanbase, and take advantage of the unique storytelling and visual language anime offers?

A Brief History of Anime's Global Evolution

Anime originated in Japan, with its roots going back to the early 20th century. Early pioneers like Osamu Tezuka, often referred to as the "Father of Manga" and "God of Anime," were instrumental in shaping the form. Tezuka's Astro Boy (1963) was one of the first anime series to reach international audiences, setting the stage for the genre's growth.

Through the 70s and 80s, anime became a staple in Japanese entertainment, with series like Mobile Suit Gundam and Macross capturing widespread attention. The 90s brought the medium into the global spotlight, particularly with Dragon Ball Z and Sailor Moon, which gained popularity in Western countries.

The 2000s saw an even greater expansion, with series like Naruto, One Piece, and Bleach leading a new wave of international anime fans. Major anime films like Spirited Away (2001), directed by Hayao Miyazaki, won global acclaim and even prestigious awards, such as the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, further legitimizing anime in the eyes of a global audience.

This steady growth has continued into the 2010s and beyond, where streaming services like Netflix, Hulu, and Crunchyroll have made anime more accessible than ever. Today, anime is no longer confined to niche communities-its influence is felt across mainstream pop culture, gaming, and even art. As a result, its impact on the gaming industry is becoming increasingly undeniable.

How Anime Is Affecting Game Design

The impact of anime on game design is becoming increasingly evident. Players are no longer just looking for fast-paced action or competitive mechanics-they are drawn to deep narrative experiences, stylized visuals, and emotionally charged characters. These are all hallmarks of anime storytelling.

Visual Style: The distinctive aesthetic of anime-vivid color palettes, exaggerated expressions, and dynamic action sequences-has started influencing game art design. Many successful games, like Genshin Impact and Fire Emblem: Three Houses, adopt this art direction.

Narrative Depth: Anime is known for telling intricate stories that blend fantasy with real-life struggles. Games influenced by anime often focus on character-driven plots, exploring themes like friendship, sacrifice, and personal growth. Titles such as Persona 5 offer complex character arcs, where players can experience personal stories that mirror some of the emotional resonance found in anime.

Character Design: One of the most attractive elements of anime is its ability to create memorable, larger-than-life characters. From their unique visual appearance to their exaggerated personalities, anime characters stand out in ways that resonate with fans. By designing characters with distinctive traits, abilities, and backstories, game developers can create the same type of attachment and engagement that anime fans have with their favorite shows.

Fantasy and World-Building: Many anime series take place in fantastical worlds filled with elaborate lore, complex political systems, and rich cultures. Anime-inspired games can build expansive worlds that encourage exploration, like Ni no Kuni and Tales of Arise.

Why Game Developers Should Lean into Anime Aesthetics

The integration of anime into video games is not just a trend-it's a reflection of where entertainment is headed. For game designers, there are multiple reasons to consider creating anime-inspired games:

Tapping into a Dedicated Fanbase: The anime community is passionate, vocal, and fiercely loyal. Games that successfully capture the essence of anime are likely to attract an existing fanbase that is always hungry for new content. Additionally, many anime fans are already familiar with game mechanics found in JRPGs, visual novels, and action games, making the crossover seamless.

Opportunities for Storytelling: Anime's narrative structures allow for deep emotional investment. Fans are drawn to shows that make them care about characters, even in fantastical worlds. Games that embrace this storytelling style can build stronger emotional connections with players, leading to increased engagement and replay value.

Cultural Fusion: As anime continues to influence Western pop culture, the blending of Western and Eastern aesthetics opens up creative possibilities. Developers can merge anime aesthetics with other genres, as seen in games like Hades and Transistor, which fuse anime-inspired character design with unique, Western narrative techniques.

Merchandising Potential: One unique advantage of anime-inspired games is the merchandising potential. Anime fans often engage with the content beyond the screen, collecting figurines, art books, apparel, and more. Game developers can take advantage of this by offering in-game purchases (skins, cosmetics) or physical collectibles that resonate with fans.

How Designers Can Incorporate Anime Influence into Game Design

For developers looking to create games with an anime aesthetic, there are several strategies to consider:

Focus on Visual Novel Elements: Visual novels, a popular genre in Japan, are highly influenced by anime and can be a great entry point for incorporating anime-style storytelling into games. By including dialogue-driven gameplay, multiple-choice narrative paths, and anime-inspired character art, designers can provide players with an interactive anime experience. Games like Doki Doki Literature Club and Steins Gate are examples of this format done well.

Anime-Style Animation: Invest in creating dynamic, anime-style cutscenes to enhance storytelling and deliver emotional impact. These animated sequences can draw players into the world and give the game a more cinematic feel, similar to watching an anime episode. Studios can look to anime production houses or animation techniques to elevate their in-game storytelling.

Setting and World-Building: The game's setting might include fantastical worlds or futuristic environments that are reminiscent of anime settings, often with detailed world-building that aligns with anime-style storytelling.

Character-Centric Design: Anime fans are drawn to unique, memorable characters. Designers should focus on developing characters with distinct appearances, abilities, and personalities, giving players heroes they can connect with and follow. Games like Final Fantasy and Xenoblade Chronicles stand out not just for their gameplay, but because of their emotionally compelling character design. There might be extensive options for character customization, allowing players to create avatars that fit anime-inspired aesthetics, including hairstyles, clothing, and accessories.

Music and Audio: The game may feature a soundtrack or voice acting that echoes the style of anime, including J-pop, anime-style compositions

Marketing and Branding: The game might be marketed or branded in a way that aligns with anime fandoms, including collaborations with anime studios or being based on an existing anime series. Designers should consider collaborating with anime studios or working with popular anime voice actors to lend authenticity to the game. Additionally, engaging with anime communities online-through Reddit, Twitter, or even anime conventions-can help build anticipation and loyalty before a game's release.

The Future of Anime in Gaming

The future of anime in gaming looks incredibly promising as the boundaries between these two mediums continue to blur. Anime's distinctive art style and narrative depth are increasingly influencing game design, leading to innovative and immersive experiences. With the rapid growth of both the anime industry and the gaming market, developers are leveraging the rich storytelling and vibrant aesthetics of anime to create games that captivate a global audience.

Advancements in technology, such as improved graphics and animation tools, are enabling more detailed and fluid anime-inspired visuals in games. This allows for more authentic recreations of anime art styles and complex character animations, which enhance the player's immersion in the game world. As game engines become more sophisticated, we can expect even more seamless integration of anime elements, including dynamic camera angles, cinematic cutscenes, and lifelike character expressions that closely mimic anime aesthetics.

Moreover, the increasing popularity of anime culture worldwide is driving demand for anime-themed games. This trend is not only fostering collaborations between game developers and anime studios but also leading to the creation of original IPs that blend anime storytelling with interactive gameplay. Games based on popular anime series are likely to become more common, offering fans a chance to engage with their favorite characters and stories in new and interactive ways.

Overall, the future of anime in gaming is poised to be a dynamic and exciting landscape, characterized by innovative art styles, storytelling techniques, and immersive technologies.

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The Rise of Anime and Its Growing Influence on Video Game Design - GAME PILL Game Studio

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GAME PILL has created a few slides that explain part of the magic of prototyping. Use it as the secret weapon that can turbocharge your innovation efforts, empower your teams to move at lightning speed, and ultimately save you precious time and money.

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Exploring the Global Phenomenon: The Rise of Anime and Its Future

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Exploring the Global Phenomenon: The Rise of Anime and Its Future

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Exploring the Global Phenomenon: The Rise of Anime and Its Future

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Anime, a type of Japanese animation, has become a worldwide phenomenon, enthralling audiences with its distinct storytelling, art style, and cultural influences. In this article, we will explore the rise of anime, examining its impact on pop culture, its global appeal, and the challenges and opportu

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Looking into the “Anime Global Popular” and the “Manga Media”: Reflections on the Scholarship of a Transnational and Transmedia Industry

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Looking into the “Anime Global Popular” and the “Manga Media”: Reflections on the Scholarship of a Transnational and Transmedia Industry

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Printed Edition

A printed edition of this Special Issue is available at MDPI Books....

School of the Arts, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK

Received: 11 April 2019 / Revised: 16 April 2019 / Accepted: 24 April 2019 / Published: 28 April 2019

This article introduces the special issue dedicated to global industries around anime, its theoretical commentary and its cross-cultural consumption. The concepts "anime" and "anime studies" are evaluated critically, involving current debates such as those presented in this volume. This discussion will employ the concepts of "manga media" as well as the "popular global", giving an account of the transmedia and transcultural character of these creative industries. The conclusion critiques the irregular presence of Cultural Studies in the study of Japanese visual culture and advocates for constructing an updated dialogue with this tradition in order to readdress the study of these media as a form of global popular culture. View Full-Text

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Hernández-Pérez, M. Looking into the "Anime Global Popular" and the "Manga Media": Reflections on the Scholarship of a Transnational and Transmedia Industry. Arts 2019, 8, 57.

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Looking into the "Anime Global Popular" and the "Manga Media": Reflections on the Scholarship of a Transnational and Transmedia Industry

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
This article introduces the special issue dedicated to global industries around anime, its theoretical commentary and its cross-cultural consumption. The concepts “anime” and “anime studies” are evaluated critically, involving current debates such as those presented in this volume.

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Research on the Development Trends of Open-World Anime Games in the Chinese Market

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Research on the Development Trends of Open-World Anime Games in the Chinese Market

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Japanese Anime:A Global Cultural Symbol: Decoding the Pop Culture Cipher and Semiotic Significance

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Japanese Anime:A Global Cultural Symbol: Decoding the Pop Culture Cipher and Semiotic Significance

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【Short Version】Live2D Class for Beginners

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【Short Version】Live2D Class for Beginners

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【Short Version】Live2D Class for Beginners

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EASY beginner VTuber rig Live2D tutorial series

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EASY beginner VTuber rig Live2D tutorial series

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EASY beginner VTuber rig Live2D tutorial series

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A collection of longform workflow videos of creators using Live2D Cubism. For users who prefer to learn by observing. A big thank you to these creators: AOIL…

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A series of videos which document the process of creating Kira Omori's model using Live2D and Facerig.

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Tarot reading has a noticeable presence in Thailand, fitting into the broader and deeply ingrained culture of fortune-telling and divination that has been popular for centuries.

Here are some key aspects of Tarot in the Thai context:

1. Part of a Diverse Divination Culture:

Tarot is one of many methods of fortune-telling in Thailand, which also includes traditional Thai astrology, palmistry, numerology, and Chinese astrological influences.

Fortune-tellers, known as Mor Doo (doctors who see), are widely consulted across all social classes for guidance on career, relationships, business decisions, and general life uncertainty.

2. Modern and Traditional Integration:

While traditional Thai methods are still highly respected, the Western-originated Tarot has been adopted and is widely offered by professional readers, often alongside other spiritual or astrological services.

Many younger Thais, though modern and educated, still engage with divination, viewing it sometimes as a form of psychological guidance, advice, or emotional resilience-building, rather than strict prophecy.

3. Thai-Themed Tarot Decks:

There is a trend of creating Tarot and Oracle decks that incorporate Thai imagery, folklore, and cultural motifs, offering a localised interpretation. Examples include:

The Royal Thai Tarot, featuring figures and scenes from Thai mythology and history.

Other decks that blend Thai and Hindu deities, spiritual symbols, and aesthetics.

4. Accessibility and Professionalism:

Tarot readers can be found in various settings, including dedicated shops, stalls near temples (like the Ganesha Shrine in Huai Khwang, Bangkok), and increasingly, online through social media and booking platforms.

Many readers offer personalised sessions, sometimes integrating the Tarot with psychic mediumship or spiritual coaching.