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1979: Founding of the American Association of Artificial Intelligence

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1979: Founding of the American Association of Artificial Intelligence

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The AAAI, or Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, is an organization that aims to promote research for AI. The headquarters is located in Washington DC, USA.

Many notable computer scientists, including Allen Newell, Edward Feigenbaum, Marvin Minsky, and John McCarthy, led the organization.

It is still an active organization today, consisting of around 4,000 members.

The previous name for the organization before 2007 was the American Association for Artificial Intelligence.

AAAI promotes respect for contributions in the technological field, endowing many awards to those who have made contributions to computer science, AI development, and AI benefits on human lives.

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1996: IBM's Deep Blue: First Chess Computer System Capable of Winning Against a Chess World Champion Under Regular Time Controls

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1996: IBM's Deep Blue: First Chess Computer System Capable of Winning Against a Chess World Champion Under Regular Time Controls

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Development of Deep Blue began at Carnegie Mellon under the name, ChipTest. Its prototype started in 1995, was released in 1996, and was upgraded in 1997.

Deep Blue used 32 processors for parallel computing and was able to evaluate 200 million chess positions per second.

Deep Blue only won 1 of 6 games against Kasparov but won the rematch a year later. Interestingly, Deep Blue only took 19 moves to win.

After its victory over Kasparov, it was proved that AI had the potential to stimulate human thinking. It was later stored inside the Smithsonian Museum in Washington, DC.

Deep Blue is considered to be a huge milestone in the history of AI, and many films and books were centered around it.

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October 4th, 2011: Apple's Siri, the Virtual Assistant, is Introduced to Society

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October 4th, 2011: Apple's Siri, the Virtual Assistant, is Introduced to Society

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It was first introduced with the iPhone 4s and was the first widely available virtual assistant on a major tech company's smartphone.

Stanford Research Institute led the project of Siri and used speech initially to perform basic business arrangements.

Siri can answer questions, perform math, draft and send messages, make calls, translate images, tell jokes, provide navigation, and more.

Unfortunately, Siri is not available in all languages and may be unable to detect strong accents.

Although useful, there are some privacy concerns regarding allowing Siri to have constant access to conversations and everyday audio.

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February 14, 2016: Sophia, Hanson Robotics' Most Advanced Human-Like Robot, is Activated

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February 14, 2016: Sophia, Hanson Robotics' Most Advanced Human-Like Robot, is Activated

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Sophia is a robot that can perform human-like interactions, capable of mimicking social behavior and expressing emotion.

She was granted Saudi-Arabian citizenship in October 2017, allowing her to become the first robot to get citizenship. She also was the first robot to be given a United Nations title.

Hanson, the creator, designed Sophia to help the elderly, help community service events, and provide therapy and education.

She has appeared in many interviews and TV shows, in the same manner as a human.

Although Sophia's capability of human expression is shocking, many say she is more like a "chatbot with a face" rather than a human-like robot.

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November 30th, 2022: AI Chatbot ChatGPT Demo is released, Redefining Standards of Artificial Intelligence 

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November 30th, 2022: AI Chatbot ChatGPT Demo is released, Redefining Standards of Artificial Intelligence 

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ChatGPT is an AI chatbot capable of performing a range of functions, such as coding computer programs, teaching, and writing essays.

Within only 5 days of its launch, it gained popularity and reached over a million users.

It was founded by Sam Altman, Greg Brockman, Elon Musk, Ilya Sutskever, Wojciech Zaremba, and John Schulman in 2015, under the organization OpenAI.

ChatGPT has allowed for natural language understanding and generation, also impacting customer service, education, content creation, healthcare, and businesses.

With ChatGPT, there is a risk of plagiarism involved, which is unethical. In addition, it takes lots of effort to train the chatbot, and it struggles with complex ideas.

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December 6th, 2023: LaMDA Chatbot Bard is Relaunched as Google Gemini        

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December 6th, 2023: LaMDA Chatbot Bard is Relaunched as Google Gemini        

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Google Gemini was first launched as Bard, on February 6, 2023, under the inspiration of ChatGPT. Bard was trained by third-party contractors hired by Google.

Gemini has the power to generate images, unlike Bard before. It can work with a variety of options: audio, text, code, image, and video.

There are three different categories of Gemini: Gemini Ultra, capable of complex tasks; Gemini Pro, useful for a wide range of tasks; and Gemini Nano, used for on-device tasks.

There is a lot of internet-influenced bias in Gemini, with misleading and uninteresting results.

There have been historically inaccurate image depictions of Gemini, such as Black founding fathers of the United States, Nazis, and Vikings, refusing to generate images of other races, demonstrating racist bias.

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Mendis, D. (2024). How a New York Times Copyright Lawsuit against OpenAI Could Potentially Transform How AI and Copyright Work. In Gale Opposing Viewpoints Online Collection. Gale. (Reprinted from How a New York Times copyright lawsuit against OpenAI could potentially transform how AI and copyright work, The Conversation, 2024, January 17) https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/HKDTWL412255095/OVIC?u=sylopacplus&sid=bookmark-OVIC&xid=8faeaa96

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Artificial intelligence and education and new york

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Artificial intelligence and education and new york

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Klein, A. (2023, January 18). New York City Blocks ChatGPT at Schools. Should Other Districts Follow? Banning the AI-powered writing technology does students a disservice, some experts say. Education Week, 42(18), NA. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A733859666/OVIC?u=sylopacplus&sid=bookmark-OVIC&xid=9cbcf44d