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Introduction

Social media has become an important part of how we communicate and share ideas, but it has also created new problems. One big issue is censorship, or the control of what people can say online. Recently, the Supreme Court has begun looking at laws about “social media censorship,” trying to find a balance between allowing free speech and stopping harmful content. This essay looks at how social media censorship works today, the role of decentralized platforms, and the effects of new laws like the one in Texas. It will also explain the idea of shadowbanning, where people’s content is hidden without them knowing.

Conclusion

Social media censorship is a tough issue .The Supreme Court and new laws like the one in Texas show how hard it is to find the right balance between free speech and keeping harmful content away. Decentralized platforms and shadowbanning are also important parts of this debate. In the end, the goal is to make social media fair and safe for everyone. The advent of social media has granted youth unprecedented freedom and a powerful voice in the digital landscape. Platforms like Twitter and Instagram enable young people to share their stories, connect with peers, and engage in meaningful discourse. However, this freedom comes with significant risks, as evidenced by recent events where social media has been exploited for misinformation, hate speech, and radicalization. While some argue that censorship infringes on free speech and stifles youth expression, it is crucial to recognize that content should be censored to safeguard users, promote healthy discourse, and prevent the escalation of societal tensions. Therefore, this essay will argue that social media content should be censored

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Supreme Court and Censorship

The Supreme Court is trying to decide how much control social media companies should have over what people say online. Companies like Facebook try to stop harmful content, but they also need to protect free speech. The Court is looking for a way to keep things safe without limiting speech too much .

Decentralized Social Media

New kinds of social media platforms, called decentralized platforms, let many users share control instead of one big company. This means less censorship, but it can lead to problems like spreading false information because no one is fully responsible .

Texas’s Social Media Law

Texas made a law that stops social media platforms from blocking people because of their opinions. The law protects free speech but might make it harder for platforms to remove harmful content. If this law is removed, big companies could have more control over what people say .

Shadowbanning

Shadowbanning is when social media platforms hide someone’s posts without telling them. This helps to stop bad content but can also be unfair since people don’t know their posts aren’t being seen.

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Social media should be controlled because of negative health effects of social disconnection, mental health and wellbeing, and no enough evidence to determine if social media is safe.

Social disconnection in the US has led to negative effects. Many students don't know how to start a conversation. The US surgeon general told It is just not the culture any more to talk to one another. The replacement of person - to- person social connection is a particular concern to the Yorkshire - born medic. Education, housing and transport initiatives that do not focus on improving wellbeing are also a worry. (Robert, 2024)

Social media presents significant harm to the mental health and wellbeing of children and adolescents. Thesedays, three out of four children as young as 12 dislike their bodies and are embarrassed by the way they look, increasing to eight in 10 young people aged 18 to 21. It is need to improve understanding of the potentially compelling impact of social media content.When young people use social media apps to look for much-needed information and advice, they find themselves presented with a supposed reality that is distorted and harmful.Their searches online then keep generating triggering content, which compounds the problem. (Amelia, 2023)

There is not enough evidence to determine if social media is sufficiently safe. Companies should show that their platforms are actually safe. Murthy, who was first appointed to his role by Barack Obama and again by Joe Biden said, “What’s happening in social media is the equivalent of having children in cars that have no safety features and driving on roads with no speed limits,”.He said social media companies should limit or eliminate “features that try to get kids to drive towards other people liking, reposting and commenting on their posts”. (Robert, 2024)

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Introduction and Body Paragraphs - Sasha (NOECD2403)

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Introduction and Body Paragraphs - Sasha (NOECD2403)

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The issue whether to return indigenous remains and belongings is complex. Presently, many museums around the world have artifacts that were stolen from their countries of origin during colonial rule or looted during war. The question arises, do museums have the right to keep and display those objects? Although some people believe that museums should keep these items for education, this point of view ignores the laws made by the countries, the harm done by taking items from indigenous people, and high cost due to return items.

It is crucial to recognize that numerous international laws and conventions govern the trade of stolen or looted artwork (Erskine, 2023). For instance, the 1970 UNESCO Convention permits the seizure of stolen objects when ownership can be proven (Erskine, 2023). This means that if an artwork is taken illegally, the original owner can ask for it back. The law supports this request, making it easier to return stolen items. These laws are important because they prevent art theft and connect cooperation between nations, encouraging them to work together to return stolen objects. By establishing clear legal guidelines, international law plays an important role in preserving cultural heritage for everyone.

Moreover, in some cases, communities were threatened to hand over their items. Yet, many were also procured with the threat of violence, without consent and in ways that violated cultural traditions (Colwell, 2019). Looking at this, it is important to understand why these items should be returned. Indigenous peoples often tried their best to preserve their sacred objects and to protect the graves of their ancestors (Colwell, 2019). But most communities were unable to stop the plunder (Colwell, 2019). Indigenous peoples have always worked hard to protect their objects because they understood the importance of these items for their culture. Unfortunately, many communities faced challenges and were unable to stop these issues. This loss not only harmed their cultural aspects but also caused deep emotional pain, making the wounds that were created can only be heal through repatriation.

Although it is crucial to bring these things home, many communities may find it challenging due to the cost. For instance, the Haida Nation, which has successfully repatriated the remains of over 500 ancestors from museum collections, spent more than $1 million on its efforts, according to Globe and Mail (Cyca, 2023). This proves that in order to help indigenous people in reclaiming their objects, greater financing and support are required. One of the potential source that can offer support is the goverment. If the government wants to commit to reconciliation efforts, more funding is needed for wide scale repatriation (Lohman, 2017). By providing financial resources, the government can create programs that work with local groups to identify and return these items. This will not only heal past wounds, but also shows respect for different cultures.

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It is important for museums to keep ancient Indigenous artifacts as they are crucial for educating the public. Museums offer a special opportunity for individuals of varying backgrounds to interact with Indigenous history, promoting increased understanding and admiration.

Lederman (2022) points out the intricate balance between protecting cultural heritage and educating the public through the return of Indigenous objects from the British Museum to Haida Gwaii. The educational programs linked to these artifacts in museums have played a vital role in sharing information about Indigenous cultures with a broader audience, rather than restricting access to only their original communities. Furthermore, Schuetze (2018) explores the repatriation of artifacts from a German museum to Alaskan communities, emphasizing that while returning them respects cultural ownership, museums still play a vital role in educating the public by displaying these artifacts.

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Another strong argument for retaining ancient Indigenous artifacts in museums is to safeguard history in a controlled setting. Museums have the essential resources and knowledge to safeguard these artifacts, preventing environmental harm, decay, and theft.

Marcelo (2024) states that certain American museums, which have shut down displays featuring Native Americans, are retaining artifacts that tribes are eager to retrieve. The fact that repatriation is being delayed highlights the significance of museums as protective spaces for these artifacts, where they are safeguarded until a thorough and secure return procedure is put in place. Likewise, the Economist (2021) states that Western museums possess the necessary resources to protect ancient artifacts, preserving them for future generations to research and admire.

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Preserving Indigenous artifacts in museums also promotes cross-cultural understanding by expanding access to a wider audience. This accessibility helps facilitate communication and comprehension between Indigenous and non-Indigenous communities, fostering a more inclusive society.

Shariatmadari (2019) emphasizes that museums play a vital role in promoting cross-cultural exchange by showcasing Indigenous communities' ancestral artifacts, despite their strong claim to them. This enables non-Indigenous populations to develop a greater appreciation and comprehension of Indigenous cultures. Moreover, Lederman (2022) talks about the current worldwide dialogue regarding repatriation, emphasizing that while objects are being returned to their native communities, museums have traditionally served as spaces where varied audiences gain knowledge about and cultivate admiration for the cultures these artifacts symbolize.

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1: Social media should be censored because it can cause harm to kids. 3: In the Newspaper article, "For Parents Fearful Of Their Teens’ Social Media Use, Here’s Some Hope — And Advice” Holmes points out that a young female can spend more than 8 hours on different social media per day ( Holmes, 2023, March 31). 4: 26% of young people think TikTok has a negative effect much more than positive effect, and more than half people feel that TikTok can make them addicted (Holmes, 2023, March 31). 5: That shows there already has some junior who realizes the negative effects of social media and also means social media has an addiction to some extent. 6: From these points of view, social media can harm a junior's mental health. Many different comments come up with social media, it does not lack some judgement or bad speech. Those can affect juniors with mental immaturity easily and cause some bad results. 7: Even social media has many benefits for society, but its negative effect on young people also has to be mentioned and controlled.

Hate speech can also influence society and increase people’s feelings of hatred. Getahun points out on the article “​​A growing body of empirical research indicates that online hate speech could potentially lead to outbreaks of real-life violence and offline hate crimes (Jakubowicz et al., 2017; Muller & Schwarz, 2017; Shaw, 2012; Siegel, 2020; Walters, 2014)” (Getahun, 2023, February 16). That is strong proof that bad emotion can be magnified by hate speech online ( Yu, 2024, September 26). However, different country have different laws to governing speech on the Internet, Getahun said that “Besides jurisdictional limits and the issue of private control over the public sphere, different countries have different constitutional jurisprudence, socio-political values, historical contexts and cultural sensitivity, which inform their commitment to protect or proscribe hate speech. For instance, whereas hate speech, however offensive or injurious, is constitutionally protected in the United States unless it involves incitement of imminent lawless action (Breckheimer, 2002), in Germany, a deliberate policy choice has been made in favor of prohibiting such speech (Haupt, 2005)” ( Getahun, 2023, February 16). That shows online comments are not completely regulated, and due to the popularity of the Internet, governments are hard to control what  people can browse on the internet even in those people’s countries where laws control online speech. Therefore, it is important for the unified control of speech online.

Some bad information on the internet can cause really bad things to happen in the real society where we live. On The New Yorker article ‘The Arrest of Telegram’s Founder Illuminates Global Anxieties About Social Platforms’ written by Chayka indicate, “On its Web site, Telegram notes that, because its servers are scattered around the world, “we can ensure that no single government or block [sic] of like-minded countries can intrude on people’s privacy and freedom of expression.” Its lax content-moderation policies have helped to make it a haven for users who might not otherwise be able to post freely, including dissidents, brokers of stolen personal data, child pornographers, American right-wing extremists, and members of the Islamic State” ( Chayka, 2024, September 4). Furthermore, the problem of child pornography online is also very serious, as the future of society, people cannot ignore its possible harm and its negative impact on society. The article ‘The Guardian view on regulating social media: the internet should be safer’ writes that, “While the Conservative party was distracted by internal battles through much of 2022, children using the internet faced what Peter Wanless, the head of the NSPCC, calls “sexual abuse on an industrial scale” (2023, Janurary 16). These are clear evidence that the Internet can have a serious influence on social stability, because many crimes start on the internet. The society should face up to the Internet’s impact on society and strictly guard those web pages that are lightly regulated, so the factor that makes society panic can be controlled at the beginning.

Conclusion

Even many countries already put set law of Internet control on the agenda, but there still has many impede they have to faces. The whole society should put more emphasis on the safety of the Internet.

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First, many international laws and conventions have governed the trade in stolen or looted art (Erskine, 2023). For example, the 1970 UNESCO convention allows for the withholding of stolen objects if ownership can be proved (Erskine, 2023). This means that the country of origin can demand the return of the artwork if it has been illegally robbed. The fact that most countries have laws in place makes it easier to return stolen objects. These laws are very important for the return of cultural objects because they can prevent some countries from refusing to return artwork and bring cooperation between countries, which encourages countries to work together to return stolen objects. International law has done a good job of protecting some of the important artifacts of humanity's almost-lost heritage.

Secondly, many countries now can protect well the cultural heritage that originally belonged to them. According to the Global Times, the Mogao Grottoes at Dunhuang set a valuable benchmark for global heritage protection and are a model for the world of cave sites. The rich artifacts inside became one of the most important archaeological discoveries of the 20th century. However, most of these artifacts have been lost in more than 10 countries, including Britain, the United States, and Japan. China detects changes in the state of the artifacts and then uses artificial intelligence to research the cause of the changes. These techniques do not work directly on the artifacts themselves. but it discover the factors that caused the changes. If the external factors can be stabilized, the deterioration can be stopped or slowed down, to protect the artifacts. This shows that China is already capable of protecting these artifacts. Some of these techniques are not used by other countries to protect artifacts. Therefore, when some countries have the technology to protect cultural relics, the looted cultural relics should be returned.

Finally, the return of some cultural artifacts is conducive to cultural development. The Global Times reported that some cave sites in China have many similarities with those in India. One can see the gradual Chineseization of Buddhism as it entered ancient China. As Buddhism developed across many countries and regions, but due to wars and other reasons, the development of Buddhism is still unknown to people nowadays. Even though Buddhism has many followers. These Buddhism-related researchers can learn about the development of Buddhism through artifacts. This is something that researchers in the countries where these artifacts are preserved do not have the ability to do now. Instead, this organizes the human beings to preserve the culture in a better way. The return of artifacts is important for human beings to understand the history of the development of some cultures

Overall, the return of looted cultural heritage is actually a very meaningful thing. It is not just about returning these artifacts to their original homes, but also about reconnecting them with local culture and history. These artifacts often bring more understanding in their original home, and their significance is more easily discovered. The return of cultural objects is not a simple legal process. Instead, it is about honoring and repairing past wrongs. Today there is international legal support. Some countries are in a position to have these artifacts well taken care of. Moreover, the process of returning artifacts is not only part of restoring history, but it also creates new opportunities for future cultural exchanges. It can help people better understand their cultural roots. It also gives people in other countries a chance to understand and appreciate different cultures.