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The Tulsa Race Riots of 1920's was one of the most significant tragedies in American history. It was marked by brutal racial violence that left a lasting impact on Tulsa, Oklahoma. The riots were rooted in systemic racism and social injustices faced by African Americans. Greenwood District, also known as "Black Wall Street" thrived as a prosperous community with businesses and cultural institutions. However, it faced growing resentment from white residents amid an oil boom that intensified the competition for resources. The conflict escalated when Dick Rowland,who was a Black man was accused of assaulting a white woman, Sarah Page. On June 1, a white mob demanded Rowland's lynching, leading to a violent attack on Greenwood, where over 1,000 properties were destroyed and an estimated 300 Black residents were killed. This violence underscored the failure of local authorities to protect the Black community. The destruction left survivors homeless and traumatized, with little support from authorities. The events were largely not told from historical accounts for years, reflecting a tendency to suppress narratives of racial violence, perpetuating a cycle of injustice. The riots highlight the fragility of African American economic progress, demonstrating how quickly success could be undermined by racial hatred. Understanding this history is essential for recognizing ongoing struggles for racial equality today. This makes it crucial to remember these events to foster healing and prevent recurrence in todays age.

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The main economic activity is petroleum, exploration, drilling, production, and refining.

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Title [An oil well, Oklahoma] Created / Publishedc1922. Notes- J253614 U.S. Copyright Office.- Copyright by G.H. Farnum, Okeman, Okla.Medium1 photographic print. RepositoryDigital Idcph 3d01903 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3d01903. Library of Congress Control Number: 94508886. Reproduction Number: LC-USZ6-1903 (b&w film copy neg.) Rights Advisory: No known restrictions on publication. LCCN Permalink: https://lccn.loc.gov/94508886. LISTEN OR LISTEN ON APPLE PODCASTSTo understand the rise and even

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Is the world on fire? Here yes, everywhere else, its an internal flame.

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The conflict escalated when Dick Rowland,who was a Black man was accused of assaulting a white woman, Sarah Page. On June 1, a white mob demanded Rowland's lynching, leading to a violent attack on Greenwood, where over 1,000 properties were destroyed and an estimated 300 Black residents were killed.

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Tulsa race massacre of 1921 | History, Commission, Deaths, Facts, Memorial, Reparations, & Books | Britannica

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The Tulsa race massacre of 1921 was one of the most severe incidents of racial violence in U.S. history. It occurred in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Beginning on May 31, 1921, and lasting for two days, it left between 30 and 300 people dead, mostly African Americans, and destroyed Tulsa’s prosperous Black neighborhood Greenwood.

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Search America's historic newspaper pages from 1770-1963 or use the U.S. Newspaper Directory to find information about American newspapers published between 1690-present. Chronicling America is sponsored jointly by the National Endowment for the Humanities external link and the Library of Congress. Learn more

''A PAPER WITH A POLICY" ' " -"]
®Ijc Cfjicuijo Wljip
AN INDEPENDENT WEEKLY 5 <11111 /ll/l |
_ CHICAQCML^J^JROAV^JUNE llth, 1921EIGHT PAGES*PRICE FIVE CENTS
TULSA'S TERRIBLE TALE IS TOLD
SCENES OF DEVASTATED TULSA, AND BLACK CROSS NURSES WHO VOLUNTEERED AID
.iiiinui mmmmmmmn * j ...- : -
Photos from Underwood & Underwood, N. Y.
. of ruined homes in the wake of the Tulsa race riot. Eye witnesses declare that in tbcgcjty of Tulsa there has not been left standing a building owned by members of our Race. Center photo
graph fs a Chicago company of Mardrn Garvey** Black Cross Nurse* who immediately volunteered to lemKaid fo tt** rict victims. - -- - . - -.^luuu .
RISING FROM
RUINS, TULSA
TO REMOVE
MAYOR
Say Horrible Destruction Of
Life and Property Was Due
To Gross Negligence.
TULSA. Okla . tine 11 Following a
night and day of bloodshed and rapine
whuh is without equal in the history
of American racial friction. Tulsa is
quietly settling down to the task of re
construction and rehabilitation.
Chicago Man's Father Held
Among those held in connection
with the riot is K. B. Stradford, who
is now under arrest in Independence,
Kan*., pending extradition. Mr.
Stradford, who is a former hotel
proprietor, is the father of Att'y (?.
Francis Stradford, of Chicago. He
is charged with rioting, and if con
victed under the conditions can be {
punished with death. Mr. Stradford
ha* refused to return to Tulsa, and
a strong fight against his extradition
is expected.
According to claims made by city
officials, the dead will not number |
more than thirty. As yet. it is impos- |
sihle to obtain an accurate list of the I
known dead A partial list of tnctti- j
hers of ottr Race known to be dead is j
as follows:
Noted Doctor Killed
Dr. A. C. Jackson, one of the most '
successful physicians of the southwest, ■
Dr. Jackson was killed while running
from his home which was in flames
He was killed instantaneously when
his services were needed the most. j
John Wheeler, employee of the First
National Hank of Tulsa. Killed while
on his way to work Wednesday morn
ing.
j. W. Williams, proprietor of the
Dreamland Theatre. The Dreamland
which was located directly across the
street from a white theatre, was burned
to the ground. It was said to be picked
as one of the first targets because it
materially reduced the white theatre's
patronage.
Many Women Wounded
Many women were wounded by
stray bullets. They were taken care
of at the Morningside Hospital. Doc
tor's records show 63 taken care of.
(Continued on Page 2.)
CLAIM "BIG MISTAKE"
STARTED TULSA RIOT
TULSA, Okla., June 11. After
the destruction of millions of dol
lars' worth of property and the
death and wounding of scores of
people, the real cause of the Tulsa
riot has come to light.
It has been ascertained that
Dick Rowland stepped into a store
elevator and accidentally stepped
on the foot of Sarah Page, a
white elevator girl. She slapped
him and he seized her by the arm.
The girl screamed and a floor
walker seized Rowland and turned
him over to the police. The girl
filed a charge of assault and bat
tery against Rowland.
An afternoon paper in report
ing the incident that caused the
excitement used the word "as
sault," but gave insufficient in
formation to confine the term to
a mere altercation. The public
got the meaning that rape had
been attempted, which was un
true.
Y. M. G. A. CAMP
SCENE OF NEAR
RACE RIOT
MORRILTON. Ark., June 11 -
Christianity became involved in race
friction near here early last week when
a mob of disgruntled whites took of
fense at the fart that 25 men of our
Race were employed in the construc
tion of a summer camp for the Y. M.
C. A. They demanded that the men
be discharged, and when their demand
was ignored, formed a mob to drive
them away, but were unsuccessful.
At this point Y. M. C. A. officials
sent for firearms to protect the work
ers. The mol) finally disbanded and
the work proceeded.
EMPTY STOMACH, HUNGRY,
BROKE, PORK CHOPS,BULLETS
Broke, homeless, with an empty
stomach, and of the firm conviction
that the world owed him a living, John
II. Cofealt, 22, walked into a restaur
ant at 2970 State St., Friday, and con
sumed an extra order of pork chops.
When called upon to pay his check,
he explained his poverty to the cashier,
adding that an empty stomach had no
conscience. Frank Williams, 2241
Cottage Grove Ave., who presides
over the destinies of the restaurant,
took the law into his own hands and
aimed a bullet at Cofealt's conscience
less stomach. His aim was poor, how
ever, and the bullet found its way into
Cofealt's foot. Both arc now under
arrest.
2nd Ward Clings
Thompson's
Sinking Ship
- i j
da)' and administered a smashing de
feat to the 'Thompson judicial candi
dates, defeating the City Hall ticket
by a majority of 100,000.
In spite of the revulsion of feeling
shown against the Mayor, however, the
Second Ward, as usual, slow to
awaken to the inarch of events, voted
3 to 1 for "Big Bill."
The jail bond proposition, a Thomp
son scheme, which meant thousand.
of dollars' worth of patronage for
I hompson appointees, also went down
in the crash.
The proposal authorizing the board
of education to furnish free text-books j
to school children appears to have |
passed.
Although the Mayor's machine has
not been wrecked, polite iatis see thi
beginning of the end of Tammany in
Illinois. It is interesting to note that |
the Second ward, which was the first j
to push the Mayor to the front, is the
last to desert his raft as it sinks to
defeat.
PEACEMAKER GETS
WORST OF FIGHT
There is very little likelihood that
Hiram Boulder, 3855 Dearborn St.,
will ever attempt the role of peace
maker again. Boulder, who is 38 years
old, attempted to art as peacemaker
between Mrs. Henrietta Jones and her
husband, Thomas Jones, in a family
quarrel the Jones' were having at their
home, 3855 Dearborn St., June 3,
Whether Boulder's intentions were
misunderstood has not been ascertain
ed The most that is known is, that
after Boulder regained consciousness
he found that he been thrown down
stairs and that his left arm had been
fractured in addition to various and
sundry other bruises and lacerations
he found on his person.
LAWMAKER SLAYS
UNARMED MAN
"TO RESCUE FIVE"
SHREVEPORT I ,a„ June 11 -
Claiming that he was "saving the lives"
of five other men and himself, Stewart
Douglas, White, a member of the
Louisiana state legislature, turned a
shotgun on Benjamin Gaton, who was
unarmed, and shot him to death. Doug
las claims that Gaton was about to at
tack him and his five comrades, and his
only hope of saving his life and the
lives of his friends was to shoot the
man to death. He has not been ar
rested.
ONLY 2 MORE
WEEKS OF WHIP
AUTO RACE
Campaign Speeding Up On
Home Stretch-Last Chance
For Big Votes Ends
June 18.
SPEEDING UP!-that most fitting
ly describe^ the feverish activity being
shown in The Whip's great $.1,500.00
automobile and cash prize rare. Swing
ing into line, all atingle with high
hopes and ambition, contestant^ in the
now famous Dixie Flyer touring car
campaign lave begun to swell their
vote totals to a high mark and. from
now on to the finish, it will be mighty
exciting race.
The First Period which closed last
Saturday night was a very productive
time for tin candidates. Thousands of
votes were cast and even a** we go to
press this week, the aggressive contest
ants arc hitting a fast and turi<"u- paee.
urged on to do their utmost because
of the realization that Saturday night,
June 25th, is the last day of the race.
It i> a strange coincidence, too,
something unusual in affairs of this
kind, hut each of the "live wire'' can
didates who are striving for first honors
and the grand capital prize of $1,700.00
Dixie Flyer touring car. are bcnelitt
ing so equally that it is necessary to
do hair-line figuring to determine the
leader up to the present time.
The competition, therefore, so far as
the relative standings of t!i contest
ants is concerned, depend: aim " t en
tirely upon the results accomplished
j by the various workers between now
and the finish as to who the real win
ners will be. The above is not mere
talk for the sake of telling, but a real
fact-theories and rumors notwith
standing. The struggle for supremacy
will be fought out during the next few
days for the campaign comes to a fate
ful close in just two weeks from this
Saturday-just 14 days.
Contestants who expect to be among i
the big prize winners when the judges
j announce their decision on June 25th
; will have to do more than clip coupons
to land the prize of their choice. This
is not a coupon-clipping campaign, ft
is a subscription campaign and you
will have to get subscription- to win.
Now For the Finish
And now for the whirlwind finish. Now
for the sen nations and surprises. These ere
the days that will test the resourcefulness
and energy of the candidates. Here is where
j their courage upholds them and make- them
KHiHT, or the lack of courage- takes the
stiffness out of their knee- and leaves them
trailing in the dust WIDTH will it lie?
Will you In* an "also ran?" Supreme cour
age is needed the lighting, "do *"r die"
spirit. I" is vitally important that your
greatest efforts be put forth NOW.
Votes will he piling up much more rapidly
during these last two final weeks. The
L1VEST and MOST IMPORTANT part of
(Continued on Page 3.)
Arrives Monday,
Commits Murder
Tuesday, Flees
Police arc on the outlook for Hen
Carter, 18, who arrived in the city
Monday from Youngstown, O., killed
Ernest Waller Tuesdav, and then made
good his escape.
Waller was slain early Tuesday aft
ernoon at his home, 3314 Rhodes Ave.,
after a quarrel with Carter.
Carter is said to have lived with
mother at 17 N. Prospect Ave., Young
town. and police think he may have
tied hack there. Ohio authorities have
been wired to watch for him.
RALPH TYLER, FAMOUS
SCRIBE IS DEAD
COLUMBUS, Ohio, June 11.-
Ralph W. Tyler, nationally known as
one of the leading newspaper men of
the Race, died at his home here last
Wednesday. He had been confined to
his bed only a short time.
M r. Tyler has been an active figure
in American newspaper circles for
many for many years. At the time of
his death he was writing for the Co
lumbus Evening Citizen (white).
During the war he was designated
by President Wilson as special war
correspondent and assigned to the 92nd
division. He went to the front with
the unit and witnessed many of its
battles.
He is survived by a wife and three
sons.
'CON' MEN WORK
IN SHADOW OF
POLICE STATION
So successful were the operations
of two confidence men that they took
one of their victims into the very shad
ow of the 26th St. police station Mon
day to explain to her how they were
going to divide the purse which they
had just found containing $1,600, pro
vided, however, that she could get $100
with which to make even change. They
had succeeded in fleecing two women,
had failed in the case of the third, and
were working on their fourth prospect
when captured by policemen. They
described themselves as Cecil Hoffman
and Arthur Crutcheld, both of 3106
Wabash Ave. Miss Bertha Allison,
3106 Rhodes Ave., was the third of
their prospective victims, who, seeing
through the game, notified the police,
and aided the arrest of the men.
"SOLVE YOUR OWN
PROBLENT-HARDING
OXFORD, Pa., June 11.-"The
solving of your race problem is
up to you and the members of
your own race," said President
Harding to the graduating class of
the Lincoln University theological
seminary here Monday.
THODYING, STICKS
TO DISCREDIJED
TALE OF ATTACK
LOUISVILLE, Ky.. June 11.-A1
though standing on the threshold of
death itself, Mrs. Mollie Coyle, 52, 4'I
Fchr Avc., stuck to a story to the ef
fect that she had been struck by an
unidentified man of our Race. She
was found unconscious at the foot of
the steps leading into her house.
Gottfried Schlaug,white, was stand
ing directly underneath the steps when
the aged woman stumbled and fell
down them. He swears that no other
person was near. Other witnesses
swear that Mrs. Coyle tvas alone at
the time of her accident. Yet, so in
bred is it in Southern whites to lay
every ill at a Black man's door, that
Mrs. Coyle died with this repudiated
falsehodd on her lips.
SCORES DEAD, MIL
LIONS LOST IN
POEBLO FLOOD
PUEBLO, Colo., June 11.-Scores
of people are dead and millions of dol
lars' worth of property are lost in
floods which have inundated Pueblo
for the last week.
Among the dead known to be mem
bers of our Race are:
Mrs. Sarah Bird, 2527 Tremont St.,
Denver.
Mrs. Mary Bird, her daughter-in
law.
Mrs. A. J. Jackson, 523 W. 3rd St.,
Pueblo.
Unnamed woman, identified as mo
ther-in-law of "Sport" McAllister.
HARDING, IGNORING TULSA
HOMELESS, PLEADS FOR
PUEBLO VICTIMS
WASHINGTON, June 11.-Imme
diately following the Pueblo, Colo.,
floods, President Harding made an ap
peal to the nation at large for aid for
the victims. The President failed
however, to make public any plea re
garding the victims of the Tuisa race
riots.
KILLSMANWHO
THREATENS TO
MURDER HER
16-Yr-Old Son's Testimony
Exonerates Mother At
Dramatic Inquest.
Before a throng that taxed to rapac
ity the chapel of Williamson's under
taking parlors Monday morning and in
the presence of his legitimate wife,
Mrs. Mary E. Freeman, the common
law wife of London E. Freeman, re
lated to the cor aer's jury how she
slew her common law husband Satur
day night in their home at 523 W. 54th
Place.
Confronts Legitimate Wife.
Freeman's legitimate wife, Mrs.
Pearl Freeman, 3348 State St., Apt.
421, confronted the woman with
whom her husband had been living
for the past eight years, and told the
coroner's jury in clear and intelligent
terms how she had become separated
from her husband fourteen years ago.
and how. without molestation from her
he had lived with and supported Mrs.
Kelly as her husband.
Schoolboy's Dramatic Testimony.
The most dramatic testimony was
offered by Clarence Kelly. 16-year-old
son of Mrs. Mary Kelly-Freeman,
who is a student at Englewood High
school. Clarence related the story of
the slaying in the clear, high tones of
a schoolboy, saying tIfat he had always
thought that Freeman and his mother
were husband and wife, and that Free
man was his legitimate stepfather. A
vibration of emotion ran through the
audience as Clarence made this de
claration. Women were moved to tears
when he placed his arms around his
sobbing mother and said: "But it's all
right, though, Mamma."
Story of the Slaying.
The story of the shooting as told by
Clarence Kelly, Mrs. Kelly, and two
other witnesses, Lewis R. Williams,
6226 (irecn St., and Joseph Waters,
503 W. 54th St., is one characteristic
of the disrespect of a man for the
1 woman with whom he is living out of
! wedlock.
Freeman was preparing to go with
I triends to Morgan Park to be initiated
I in a Masonic Lodge. He told his wife
I to prepare the customary lunch for
-uch occasions. Although he failed
to give her sufficient money to prepare
the kind of lunch he wanted. He vio
lently protested against the simple
sandwiches she gave him. He went
so far as to tell her "to be gone" when
he returned, or he would kill her.
When Mrs. Freeman signified her in
tention of remaining because she was
unable to carry her furniture with her
at that time of night, Freeman is said
(Continued on *-)

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The Chicago whip. (Chicago, Ill.) 1919-19??, June 11, 1921, Image 1, brought to you by University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Library, Urbana, IL, and the National Digital Newspaper Program.