# data[].attributes.body
Led by Samuel Gompers, the American Federation of Labor was created, as stated by the openstax textbook, from "20 different craft unions [meeting] to organize a national federation of autonomous craft unions". This federation helped immensely to the kickstart of unions and labor movements in the late 1800s, and contributed heavily to the way we labor unions today.

# data[].attributes.body
A union founded in 1869 that brought about social and economic reform. The Knights of Labor, founded by Uriah Smith Stephens, was an organization that fought for many things: 8 hour work days, a vision of workers owning the company, ending child labor, etc. Later on, Terrence V. Powderly became the leader through the Gilded Age.

# data[].attributes.body
Also known as "stop-watch management", this was a process where workers would be told to complete things in short, repetitive segments instead of long ones. This style of management was quickly adopted, and in the words of the openstax textbook, "[made] workers cogs in a well-oiled machine".

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.c-span.org/video/?c4697175/panic-1873#

Watch the video above to see Author Scott Nelson talk about one of the many possible causes of the Panic of 1873. Another perspective would be that the panic was caused because many investors started to back away from putting money into American railroads due to a European stock market crash.

# data[].attributes.body
The late 1800s and early 1900s brought about a new consumer culture. Before, the common person would usually have to make their own things and occasionally buy or trade for the things they don't have. However, with the rise of industrialization it brought about a lot of new buyers, or consumers, that are able to purchase a lot more goods and services.

# data[].attributes.body
There was a couple of ways that unions effectively made changes to their environment. One way was performing strikes; when people went on strike they refused to work until the issue at hand was resolved. Another way was bargaining, or when people negotiated for better wages and working conditions with their employer. Although it didn’t work all the time, these strategies created waves throughout society and made way for a better life for working class citizens.

# data[].attributes.body
As more and more people started to join labor movements and go against the bosses in their workplace because of unfair conditions, solutions to the initial problems were eventually uncovered. Solutions that were found by the help of unions include an increase in wages, better hours, and safer working conditions. Unions also performed labor movements against child labor which resulted in the Fair Labor Standards Act being passed that stopped child labor and helped in the aid of injured or retired workers.

# data[].attributes.body
The working class during the rise of industrialization faced many problems. Some problems, such as the ethics behind child labor and the lack of safe factory conditions, grew to be so large that unions in the working class were formed. Unions started to pop up around the United States and fought to bring about solutions to these problems.