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This declaration published in the Daily News officially grants the French controlled Suez Canal Company permission from the Viceroy of Egypt to begin construction on the project

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In this Daily News article denouncing political corruption in New York City, the editors rail against the lavish lifestyle and self dealing of the Tammany Hall machine including Boss Tweed whose theft from the city made him one of New York's richest men and its largest owner of real estate.

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In this description of shipping news for the Liverpool Mercury, we can read about key facts and figure that were crucial to the shipping of products from America to England. The article features the weather, lists of ships that have set sail, and the products they carry including a ship with cotton from New York. Liverpool was one of the largest industrial and shipping centers in the United Kingdom.

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This satirical description of Phileas Fogg's journey including his time in Suez comes from the renowned periodical Funny Folks which set the standard for cartoons throughout the late 19th century.

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Article detailing the pros and cons of importing beef (not cattle) from America. The price reductions would mean that more people could afford to buy meat, but could adversely affect British cattle farmers.

The Sporting Gazette (London, England), Saturday, November 10, 1877; pg. 1061; Issue 809.

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Satirical piece ostensibly comparing American beef jerky unfavourably with fresh Welsh mutton but really commenting on slavery. The Thirteenth Amendment to the US Constitution abolished slavery on the 8th April 1864 but was not ratified by all the states for years.

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News article detailing American competition with European agriculture, and predicting problems with Europe's growing dependency.

The County Gentleman: Sporting Gazette and Agricultural Journal (London, England), Saturday, April 19, 1884; pg. 485; Issue 1145.

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This is a typical advertisement from the Victorian Period trying to encourage customers of the quality of their particular tea. Note, Lapsang Souchong is one of the teas advertised.

Le Follet: Journal du Grand Monde, Fashion, Polite Literature, Beaux Arts &c. &c. (London, England), [Monday], [April 01, 1850]; Issue 43. New Readerships.

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Here, Dr Michelsen gives a detailed guide to history in the Victorian period.

The article explores the history of tea trade, details the various teas available during the Victorian period, provides a guide to tea's preparation and a warning about possible adulterations during the manufacturing process.

TEA. DR. MICHELSEN.
The Englishwoman's Review and Home Newspaper (London, England), Saturday, February 20, 1858; pg. 392; Issue 32. New Readerships.

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WE have to congratulate our readers upon the certainty of a war with China. 

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WE have to congratulate our readers upon the certainty of a war with China. 

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John Bull (London, England),

Sunday, January 26, 1840; pg. 43; Issue 998. New Readerships.

This article satirises the impending war with China. It's particular focus is on the importation of tea.

The article insinuates that the decrease in revenue from tea trade is the main cause of war.

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This article discusses curious characteristics of fish from around the world. One aspect of this discussion is the Nest Building performed by the male Paradise Fish.

FINNY CURIOS OF THE DEEP.
Chums (London, England), Wednesday, July 03, 1895; pg. 711; Issue 147. New Readerships.

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This article from the Boy's Own Paper is particularly relevant to schoolchildren evincing how to make your own Aquarium.

THE FRESH-WATER AQUARIUM: HOW TO SET IT UP AND KEEP IT IN ORDER WHEN STOCKED. REGINALD A. R. BENNETT, M. A. (Oxon.)
The Boy's Own Paper (London, England), Saturday, May 13, 1899; pg. 524; Issue 1061 and 33. New Readerships.

This includes advice as to how to catch locally sourced fish as well as where to purchase more exotic fish such as the Paradise Fish highlighting the global reach of Britain's commodity culture.

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Around the World in 80 Days!
LONDON
NEW YORK CITY
YOKOHAMA, JAPAN
VICTORIA, HONG KONG
SAN FRANCISCO
SUEZ, EGYPT
BOMBAY, INDIA
An interactive nineteenth century trade adventure
"In 1858, British Crown rule was established in India, ending a century of control by the East India Company. The life and death struggle that preceded this formalisation of British control lasted nearly two years, cost £36 million, and is variously referred to as the 'Great Rebellion', the 'Indian Mutiny' or the 'First War of Indian Independence'.

Inevitably, the consequences of this bloody rupture marked the nature of political, social and economic rule that the British established in its wake."
Our innovative Bombay Blue crisps are coloured by the indigo dye that was one of India's key exports in the nineteenth century. Nowadays, indigo is made synthetically, but in the 1800s it was a natural dye, extracted from plants.
San Francisco in 1873 was a "great commercial emporium." Its docks were piled with products from Mexico, Chili, Peru, Brazil, Europe, Asia, and all the Pacific islands.

Although we consider multicultural societies normal now, in the nineteenth century they were a newly occurring phenomenon, as improved transport made the world more accessible. The huge mix of nationalities in the city would have been an amazing sight for the travelers.

"About twelve o'clock a troop of ten or twelve thousand head of buffalo encumbered the track. The locomotive, slackening its speed, tried to clear the way with its cow-catcher; but the mass of animals was too great. The buffaloes marched along with a tranquil gait, uttering now and then deafening bellowings. There was no use of interrupting them, for, having taken a particular direction, nothing can moderate and change their course; it is a torrent of living flesh which no dam could contain."

Agriculture was the main American export in the nineteenth century, with rising land area and cheap transport increasing the supply of US agricultural products to Europe, creating tough competition for European agriculture.

Our Beef 'n' Wheat crisps are inspired by the buffalo that were once plentiful on the American plains, combined with the crops that they exported all over the world.

The Pacific Railroad
"From ocean to ocean,"
http://www.nber.org/papers/w4710.pdf?new_window=1
[I] '...entered the port of Yokohoma.
This is an important port of call in the Pacific,
where all the mail-steamers, and those
carrying travellers between North America,
China, Japan and the Oriental islands put in.'
'Flavours of Paradise'

The 'flavours of paradise' crisp takes it's name from the Paradise Fish found in the seas surrounding Japan. The fish was popular in Britain because of it's vibrant colourings making it a favourite for many children's aquariums. The fish prefers slow moving habitats such as rice fields and stagnant ponds making it suitable for the areas surrounding Asia. However, the fish has an adaptable nature meaning it was able to survive in British waters. Perhaps this fish should come with a warning sign though because it has been known to have cannibalistic tendencies.
http://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/macropodus-opercularis/
Up until 1854, Japan had successfully pursued a policy of isolation that meant they were not part of Britain's trading empire. However, in 1854, the American Matthew Perry negotiated a treaty that led to Japan opening their ports to Western trade. However, trade remained a contentious issue and eventually led to the Meiji Restoration in 1868. This brought an end to the long-standing period of shogunate rule. The Meiji Restoration was backed by Imperial powers and led to the "adoption of Western ideas and technology".

"Japan." World Encyclopedia. : Philip's. Oxford Reference. 2004. Date Accessed 19 Mar. 2014 <http://0-www.oxfordreference.com.lib.exeter.ac.uk/view/10.1093/acref/9780199546091.001.0001/acref-9780199546091-e-5973>.
Smoked Souchong
The smoked souchong crisps take their inspiration from the Lapsang Souchong tea originating in China.
Lapsang Souchong Tea gets it's smoky flavour through it's production whereby the leaves are "withered over pine fires". We have recreated this effect in producing our Souchong Crisps.
http://www.fortnumandmason.com/p-5190-lapsang-souchong-tea.aspx
China was a vast exporter of tea to Britain. Early in the nineteenth century, "Tea imports soon became the largest single item in Britain's trading account. "
http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelpregion/asia/china/guidesources/chinatrade/
Trade with China
"Hong Kong is an island which came into the possession of the English by the Treaty of Nankin, after the war of 1842; and the colonizing genius of the English has created upon it an important city and an excellent port. The island is situated at the mouth of the Canton River, and is separated by about sixty miles from the Portuguese town of Macao, on the opposite coast. Hong Kong has beaten Macao in the struggle for the Chinese trade, and now the greater part of the transportation of Chinese goods finds its depot at the former place. Docks, hospitals, wharves, a Gothic cathedral, a government house, macadamized streets, give to Hong Kong the appearance of a town in Kent or Surrey transferred by some strange magic to the antipodes."

The History of Chinese Trade during the British Empire was mired by the two Opium Wars of 1840 and 1857. They took place over disputes regarding the illegal importation of opium from India to China by British Traders.
At the end of the first war, British victory led to the signing of the Treaty of Nanking. This meant Britain had access to the port of Hong Kong to continue their trade. After victory again in 1858, further ports were opened to increase trading options.
Excerpt From: Verne, Jules. "Around the World in 80 Days." iBooks.
"Opium Wars." A Dictionary of World History. Ed. Wright, Edmund. : Oxford University Press, 2006. Oxford Reference. 2007. Date Accessed 19 Mar. 2014
In New York Phileas Fogg missed his ship to England so he had to find another way to get home. He ended up on a ship to France but he persuaded the sailors to mutiny and head to Liverpool. On the way they ran out of fuel so he bought the boat and ordered that wooden parts be burned for steam power.

One major export from New York was cotton which was grown in the South and exported to Europe where the raw materials would be manufactured in towns like Lancashire. During a typical week over 80 vessels would deliver 150,000 bales to Liverpool from New York. During the Civil War it was feared that England and France would interfere to protect their supply. Try our delicious Cotton Weaved Crisp created using the traditional techniques of cotton weaving and featuring the flavors of two important Southern cash crops: corn and wheat.

"I agree with Mr. Fogg. The world has grown smaller, since a man can now go round it ten times more quickly than a hundred years ago"

Follow me Phileas Fogg Jr. as I take you on the journey my great ancestor made many moons ago. We will be visiting all the major destinations that made up Fogg's journey when travelling Around the World in 80 days. On the way I'll be explaining a little bit about these places and their relationship to the British Empire.

On our way round, be sure to check out our new and exciting crisp flavours inspired by the trading industries and cultures of the places we visit.
Excerpt From: Verne, Jules. "Around the World in 80 Days." iBooks.

Welcome to Great Britain
Modern Scholars are divided on Great Britain's role in forming the British Empire. Niall Ferguson puts forward the idea of "Anglobalisation" that saw Britain as deliberately spreading global capitalism to draw countries into a profitable capitalist system, especially for the British. Through the spread of capitalism, other countries were civilised and brought into the modern world.
Other scholars such as John Darwin in his
The Empire project
see the spread of Empire as "chaotic" with different people driven by a range of varying motives. For instance, to name a few: migration, overseas trade and the spread of Christianity.
What is undeniable is the huge influence Britain had throughout the world: "By the end of Victoria's reign, the British Empire extended over about one fifth of the world's surface" and central to making Britain a world superpower was their "commerce and overseas trade".
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/overview_victorians_01.shtml
John Darwin.
The Empire Project: The Rise and Fall of the British World System 1830-1970
Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
Young, Paul. Mission Impossible: Globalisation and the Great Exhibition, in Auerbach J, Hoffenberg P (eds) Britain, the British Empire and the World at the Great Exhibition, Basingstoke: Ashgate, 2008, 3-26
Verne, Jules. "Around the World in 80 Days." iBooks.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/modern/independence1947_01.shtml
Verne, Jules. "Around the World in 80 Days." iBooks.
The period of time in New York during the 1870's was known as the Gilded Age. A second major wave of immigrants from Eastern Europe flooded into the Lower East Side while wealthy figures like JP Morgan sponsored cultural institutions like the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Metropolitan Opera. It was a time of tremendous population in the New York when major infrastructure projects like the Brooklyn Bridge were built.

New York City during the period were controlled by the corrupt Tammany Hall machine which was run by the infamous Boss Tweed. Tweed was convicted in 1873 of stealing over 25 million dollars from the city of New York and fled to Spain where he worked as a seaman on a shipping vessel before a US warship returned him to prison.

Phileas traveled down the Suez Canal on a ship called the Mongolia in order to get from the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean. The canal had been finished four years earlier in 1869 after being built by the Suez Canal Company. At the time Egypt was under control of the Ottoman Empire.

The British opposed the Suez Canal fearing that British shipping would become too dependent on the canal and would suffer if there was ever political instability in the region. However the French took control of the project and after many years of work the canal was completed. Eventually Britain became the largest shareholder in the canal and in 1882 took over the country in order to protect their military and trade interests in the region. Without it Phileas Fogg could never have completed his journey!

One major export from Egypt was citrus which flourished because of Egypt's fertile soil and perfect climate for fruits like lemons, dates, and oranges. Although citrus had been important for hundreds of years particularly in preventing scurvy on ships during the 1700's, a major international trade in citrus did not begin until the 19th century.

To celebrate Egypt's trade in citrus try our tangy Egypt 'Zest crisp with the delicious flavors of lemon and orange.

Hunt, Leigh (ed.);Fonblanque, Albany William (ed.);Forster, John (ed.). Examiner 1833 (Mar 18, 1843): 173-174
EGYPT: AND A VOYAGE FROM SEA TO SEA THROUGH THE ISTHMUS OF SUEZ.
MILES, R H, LIEUT.-COLONEL. The New monthly magazine, Jan. 1853-Dec. 1881137.545(May 1866): 114-126.

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Around the World in 80 Days! LONDONNEW YORK CITYYOKOHAMA, JAPANVICTORIA, HONG KONGSAN FRANCISCOSUEZ, EGYPTBOMBAY, INDIA An interactive nineteenth century trade adventure "In 1858, British Crown rule was established in India, ending a century of control by the East India Company.

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This article makes no mention of the dissent between the indigo planters and workers. Aimed at children, it has a purely educational basis, describing the process of extracting indigo dye from the raw plant.

Thomas Stevens. Young England: An Illustrated Magazine for Recreation and Instruction (London, England), Thursday, October 01, 1891; pg. 477; Issue 121.

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News article discussing the social significance of the play Nil Darpan.

John Bull(London, England), Saturday, October 19, 1861; pg. 665; Issue 2,132.
Nil Darpan; or, The Indigo Planting Mirror, was a play written by Dinabandhu Mitra in 1858–9 to gain sympathy for the plight of farmers on indigo plantations and raise awareness of the terrible working conditions perpetuated by the British land-owners. The play caused widespread controversy, with planters filing a libel suit against the publisher and the translator.