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A vortex meter works by placing a bluff body (non-streamlined object) in the flow path.

This creates swirling vortices behind the object as the fluid flows past.

The number of vortices formed per second (shedding frequency) is directly related to the flow velocity.

By counting the vortices, the flow rate of the fluid can be measured.

Advantages of Vortex Flowmeter:

Low installation cost (no impulse tubing or valve manifold needed)

Suitable for liquids, gases, and steam

Not significantly affected by pressure, temperature, or viscosity

No moving parts – low maintenance

Minimal pressure loss

Easy to install and set up

Disadvantages of Vortex Flowmeter:

Not suitable for viscous fluids at low flow rates – vortex formation is reduced.

High flow velocities can cause a large pressure drop due to the bluff body.

Liquid vaporization can damage the vortex sensor – needs careful handling.

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A rotor with blades spins as fluid flows through it.

Magnets in the rotor induce voltage pulses in a nearby pickup coil.

The pulse frequency = fluid velocity (faster flow = more pulses).

Advantages:

Very accurate for steady, low flow of liquids and gases

Common in water measurement for commercial/industrial buildings

Same size as pipe – low pressure loss

Disadvantages:

Only for clean fluids

Bearings need regular maintenance

Costly

Sudden high flow can damage the rotor due to overspeed

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Description: A flat plate with a hole (orifice) placed in the flow path to create a pressure drop.

Working Principle: As fluid passes through the smaller opening, velocity increases and pressure decreases.

Advantages:

Inexpensive

Simple to install

No moving parts

Disadvantages:

High energy loss (low pressure recovery)

Not suitable for dirty or slurry fluids

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Description: Has a smooth converging section, throat, and diverging section to measure flow.

Working Principle: Restriction at the throat increases velocity, decreasing pressure. Pressure difference is used to determine flow rate.

Advantages:

Higher pressure recovery (~85%)

Suitable for dirty or slurry fluids

Disadvantages:

More expensive than orifice

Requires more installation space

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Basic Principle:

Works on the principle of Bernoulli’s Equation.

Measures flow by detecting pressure drop (ΔP) across a restriction in the pipe.

As fluid flows through an obstruction, velocity increases, and pressure decreases.

Flow rate equation:

q=KΔPq

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Flow Nozzle

Elliptical inlet with a sharp throat.

Suitable for high-velocity, erosive flows.

Advantages:

Lower pressure loss than venturi.

Handles non-viscous, high-speed fluids.

Disadvantages:

Costly (more than orifice, less than venturi).

Less pressure recovery than venturi.