# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
FILE -- A Sikh American family watches participants march down Madison Avenue during the Sikh Day Parade, celebrating the Sikh holiday of Vaisakhi, Saturday, April 27, 2019, in New York. (AP Photo/Mary Altaffer, file)

Violence and prejudice against Asian Americans have increased markedly in recent months. While the United States has a long history of bigotry against immigrants of color going back to the late 19th century, the growing hostility toward people of Asian origin in the wake of the devastating coronavirus pandemic casts a new spotlight on the discrimination many Asian immigrant populations experience in the United States.

Much of the recent media attention has focused - rightly, in our view - on Americans of East Asian descent. But to what extent are immigrants of South Asian heritage also victims of bias and discrimination? To shed light on this question, we carried out an original survey of Indian Americans, who make up the second-largest immigrant community in the United States.

The results reveal widespread perceptions of discrimination against Indian Americans on multiple grounds.

There's a long, global history to today's anti-Asian bias and violence
Prejudice against Indian Americans has a long history
While Indian Americans have by and large not borne the brunt of recent attacks directed at Asian Americans, the community is no stranger to prejudice.

In the mid-1980s, Indian and other South Asian immigrants were subjected to abuse and violent attacks in the New York-New Jersey region by such groups as the " Dotbusters." These attacks culminated in the brutal 1987 murder of a Citibank executive. The apathy demonstrated by public authorities in prosecuting and preventing such crimes led to the emergence of activist groups dedicated to fostering greater awareness of civil rights within the community.

In the aftermath of the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, several Indian Americans were victims of violent hate crimes and xenophobic rhetoric, with the Sikh community targeted in particular. But just how much discrimination do Indian Americans face today?
The survey shows Indian Americans feel the effects of discrimination
To explore the social realities of Indian Americans, we fielded an original survey of 1,200 Indian American adult residents, the Indian American Attitudes Survey. The survey was conducted using YouGov's online panel from Sept. 1-20, 2020, weighting the results to capture a nationally representative view of the Indian American population.

What would persuade South Asians to get vaccinated against covid-19?

We find that 31 percent of Indian Americans believe that discrimination against people of Indian origin is a major problem in the United States - while 53 percent think it's a minor problem. Measuring respondents' lived experiences with discrimination reveals that 1 in 2 Indian Americans reports being subjected to some form of discrimination over the previous 12 months.

But these headline findings mask marked religious differences in the data. Among Muslim respondents in this survey, nearly 65 percent reported discrimination. Furthermore, while we observed no significant differences by gender overall, nearly 70 percent of Indian American Muslim women report experiences with discrimination. This finding reveals that the intersecting identities of being a woman, Muslim and Indian in America exacerbate experiences with prejudice.

In addition, those who identify as supporters of the Democratic Party report a greater degree of discrimination relative to those who identify as supporters of the Republican Party. This reveals a possible link between Indian Americans' lived experiences with discrimination and their partisan preferences in the United States. Indeed, Indian American voters lean Democratic - and when a 2020 voter attitudes survey asked about their reasons for this preference, the Republican Party's intolerance of minorities was the most frequently cited reason.
What kind of discrimination do Indian Americans experience?
Experience with discrimination could stem from different forms of bias. To explore this further, our survey asked respondents about the grounds on which they believe they were discriminated against.

As the figure above shows, discrimination based on skin color is the most common form of prejudice, with nearly 3 in 5 respondents saying they suffered discrimination in the past 12 months on the basis of their skin color. This is a compelling reminder of how race has been the singular marker of social difference in American society, echoing similar findings elsewhere.

In this survey, discrimination on the basis of one's skin color is followed by discrimination due to one's gender, religion or Indian heritage. A small fraction of all respondents report having encountered discrimination because of their caste identity.

Kamala Harris will be vice president. Expect Indian Americans to get more involved in politics.

If half of all Indian Americans report being targets of discrimination, who is doing the discriminating? When asked about discrimination on the basis of country of origin or skin color, respondents overwhelmingly blame non-Indians. While respondents suggest Indians hold somewhat greater responsibility for engaging in religious or gender discrimination against other Indians, here, too, they point mainly to non-Indians or a combination of Indians and non-Indians as primary sources of discrimination.

Indian Americans enjoy a higher level of professional and financial success relative to many other immigrant communities in the country. But these successes have not inoculated them from the forces of discrimination. One somewhat surprising finding from the survey is that a significantly larger share of U.S.-born Indian Americans state that they have been discriminated against in the past year relative to foreign-born Indian Americans. This holds true across different types of bias - be it skin color, gender, religion or even caste.

One might expect that foreign-born respondents perhaps face greater discrimination because of their accents or how they dress. But one interpretation of our results is that foreign-born immigrants are simply less likely to report instances of discrimination. The higher frequency of reporting discrimination among U.S.-born Indian Americans could stem from a host of reasons, such as a difference in social norms provoking a greater awareness of discriminatory practices, less fear of retaliation - or an increased demand for equality.

At a time when Asian minorities are under attack - and Indian Americans are experiencing wrenching losses at a distance during India's covid-19 crisis - the community's increased awareness of discrimination may lead to new forms of advocacy both for those of Indian origin and many others facing similar predicaments.
Don't miss any of TMC's smart analysis! Sign up here for our newsletter. Professors: Check out TMC's expanding list of classroom topic guides. Sumitra Badrinathan Devesh Kapur Jonathan Kay Milan Vaishnav They are the authors of a new report, Social Realities of Indian Americans: Results From the 2020 Indian American Attitudes Survey. (@MilanV) is a senior fellow and director of the South Asia program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. (@_JonathanKay) is a James C. Gaither junior fellow in the South Asia Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. is Starr Foundation Professor of South Asian Studies and director of Asia Programs at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS). (@KhariBiskut) is a postdoctoral research fellow at the University of Oxford.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Analysis | Discrimination against Indian Americans happens more than you might think

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Violence and prejudice against Asian Americans have increased markedly in recent months. While the United States has a long history of bigotry against immigrants of color going back to the late 19th century, the growing hostility toward people of Asian origin in the wake of the devastating coronavirus pandemic casts a new spotlight on the discrimination many Asian immigrant populations experience in the United States.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
50% of Indian Americans experienced racial discrimination in past year, study finds

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The survey detailed the experiences of Indians in the U.S. across ages and immigration statuses, from new arrivals to born citizens.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Read 666 reviews from the world's largest community for readers. In the year 2054, after decades of gender selection, India now has a ratio of five boys fo...

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Bullying is unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance. The behavior is repeated, or has the potential to be repeated, over time.

Verbal bullying is saying or writing mean things. This includes:

Teasing, taunting, or name-calling

Inappropriate sexual comments

Threatening to cause harm

Social bullying involves hurting someone's reputation or relationships. This includes:

Physical bullying involves hurting a person's body or possessions. This includes:

Cyberbullying is bullying that happens online through social media, text messages, chat, and websites. This includes:

There are many helpful resources on how to prevent and report cyberbullying.
For more information, see the StopBullying.gov's webpages on "What is Bullying" and "Cyberbullying."

How do I know if someone is being bullied?

Not everyone who is bullied will ask for help. However, there are many signs someone can display through their behavior and mood that that can help you recognize if they are being bullied.

Unexplainable injuries

Lost or destroyed clothing, books, electronics, or jewelry

Frequent headaches or stomach aches, feeling sick or faking illness

Changes in eating habits, like suddenly skipping meals or binge eating

Difficulty sleeping or frequent nightmares

Declining grades, loss of interest in schoolwork, or not wanting to go to school

Sudden loss of friends or avoiding social situations

Feelings of helplessness or decreased self esteem

Self-destructive behaviors such as running away from home, harming themselves, or talking about suicide

If you know someone in serious distress or danger, don't ignore the problem. Get help right away.
For more information, see the StopBullying.gov's webpage on "Who is at Risk?"

What should I do if I'm being bullied?

There are many ways you can get help.

Tell a trusted adult. If you're being bullied, you should share this with your parents, teachers, school counselors, school principal, or another trusted adult.

Write down what happened, who was involved and when and where you were bullied. If you are being cyberbullied, take screen shots and save images (with time stamps whenever possible) of what has happened.

Don't be afraid to speak up. Find support in your classroom, home and community by talking about your experiences.

Consider filing a formal complaint.

If your school knows that you are being bullied because of your race, national origin, sex, disability or religion, the school must take immediate action to investigate what happened.

Your school must inform you of the steps that they will take to end the harassment, and they must follow up with you to make sure the bullying has stopped.

If your school doesn't take these steps, you should consider filing a formal complaint with your:

For more information, see the StopBullying.gov's webpage on "Get Help Now".

What should I do if I see someone being bullied?

There are many ways you can help if you see someone being bullied:
Be a friend: Help them get away:

If you feel safe getting involved, help the person being bullied get away from the situation by creating a distraction of offering them an excuse to leave

For example, you can say something like "Mrs. Lee wants to see you right now," or "Let's go, we're late for our (class, club, or game)."

Don't give bullying an audience:

Instead of watching, laughing, or supporting bullying behavior, let the person who is bullying know that what they're doing is not funny or acceptable

You can walk away or ignore the behavior so the person who is bullying doesn't have an audience

Set a good example: Tell trusted adults:

Report the bullying to trusted adults or leave them a note about what you saw or heard

Share the story with your parents, teachers, counselors, school principals, and other trusted adults.

For more information, see the StopBullying.gov's webpage on "Be more than a Bystander."

What can I do about bullying at my school?
I think I am being bullied

SPEAK UP: If you feel uncomfortable with someone's comments or actions -tell someone! It is better to let a trusted adult know than to let the problem continue or escalate.

Get familiar with what bullying is and what it is not. If you recognize any of the descriptions, you should stay calm, stay respectful, and tell an adult as soon as possible.

If you feel like you're at risk of harming yourself or others get help now!

Someone is bullying me online or through text messages

Because cyberbullying can be posted anonymously and distributed quickly, it is very important to speak up and talk to a trusted adult, even if it may be embarrassing to do so.

Take screen shots and save images (with time stamps whenever possible) of what has happened.

I don't get bullied, but my friend or classmate does I want to help stop bullying in my school or community
Check out our Act To Change toolkit and take the pledge to stand up against bullying.

Other resources include:

For more information, see the StopBullying.gov's webpage on "What You Can Do".

Who might be a target for bullying?

Bullying can happen anywhere-cities, suburbs, or rural towns. Depending on the environment, some groups-such as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgendered (LGBT) youth, youth with disabilities, youth with limited English proficiency, and socially isolated youth including those from recent immigrant communities-may be targets of being bullied.

Generally, bullies target those who:

Are perceived as different from their peers, such as being overweight or underweight, wearing glasses or different clothing including religious and cultural symbols, being new to a school, or being unable to afford what kids consider "cool"

Are perceived as weak or unable to defend themselves

Are depressed, anxious, or have low self esteem

Are less popular than others and have few friends

Don't get along well with others, seen as annoying or provoking, or antagonize others for attention

Even if someone falls under these categories, it doesn't mean that they will be bullied. That is why it's important to talk about bullying at school.
For more information, see the StopBullying.gov's webpage on "Who is at Risk?"
How can someone be affected by bullying?

Bullying can affect everyone including those who are bullied, those who bully, and those who witness bullying. Bullying is linked to mental health issues, substance use, and suicide.

Those who are bullied are more likely to experience:
For more information, see the StopBullying.gov's webpage on "Effects of Bullying".
I am a parent or supportive adult. How do I talk about bullying and what can I do?

Parents, family members, and other caring adults play a key role in preventing and responding to bullying. Here are some tips on how to talk to kids and teens about bullying:

Help the kids understand bullying. Talk about what bullying is and how to stand up to it safely.

Cyberbullying often requires different strategies than in-person bullying. Learn how to work with kids to prevent cyberbullying and how to respond when it occurs.

Encourage kids to speak to a trusted adult at school if they're being bullied or see others being bullied. Adults can give comfort, support, and advice, even if they can't solve the problem directly. Encourage kids to report bullying if it happens.

Keep the lines of communication open. Talk regularly with kids. Listen to them. Know their friends, ask about school, and understand their concerns.

Use available tips and tools to help you frame the conversation when talking to kids about bullying. Opening up the lines of communication before kids are involved in bullying makes it easier for them to tell you when something happens.

If you have worked with your kids and school and need additional assistance, find resources to help address the situation.

For more information, see the StopBullying.gov's webpage on "How to Talk About Bullying?"

#ActToChange is a public awareness campaign working to address bullying, including in the Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) community.

Kids and teens are bullied in schools all across the country. Unfortunately, many AAPI youth who are bullied face various cultural, religious, and/or linguistic barriers that prevent them from getting help when bullied.

But it's important to know that:

You are not alone.

Bullying is not acceptable.

You - as a student, friend, parent, teacher - can do something to stop bullying in your community.

Learn about it. Talk about it. Stop it. #ActToChange.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Bullying is unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance. The behavior is repeated, or has the potential to be repeated, over time. Verbal bullying is saying or writing mean things. This includes: Teasing, taunting, or name-calling Inappropriate sexual comments Threatening to cause harm Social bullying involves hurting someone's reputation or relationships.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Doll test - The effects of racism on children (ENG)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Read 9,990 reviews from the world's largest community for readers. All Jin Wang wants is to fit in. When his family moves to a new neighborhood, he suddenl...