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Coral polyps are tiny animals that build coral reefs by secreting calcium carbonate skeletons. Coral reefs are diverse underwater ecosystems that provide habitat for many marine species. They are found in warm, clear waters around the world.

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There are three main types of coral reefs: fringing reefs, barrier reefs, and atolls. Fringing reefs grow near the coastline around islands and continents. Barrier reefs are similar but farther out, separated from the shore by deep water. Atolls are circular reefs that surround a lagoon, often where an island has sunk.

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Coral reefs offer biodiversity, coastal protection, food sources, tourism income, and potential medicines.

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Climate change, overfishing, and pollution are big threats to coral reefs. They harm the delicate balance needed for reefs to thrive.

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Reducing carbon footprints, establishing marine protected areas, and responsible tourism can help protect coral reefs. Also, reducing pollution and promoting sustainable fishing practices are crucial.

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Why corals stress expel their zooxanthellae

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Why corals stress expel their zooxanthellae

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One hypothesis is that stressed corals expel their zooxanthellae due to a disrupted symbiotic relationship. When water temperatures rise, the algae produce toxins, and the coral expels them to survive.